American Printer
The American Printer: A Manual of Typography Containing practical directions for managing all departments of a printing office, as well as complete instructions for apprentices; with several useful tables, numerous schemes for imposing forms in every variety, hints to authors, etc.
作者：MacKellar, Thomas, 1812-1899
体例：题 章数：417
字数：555,679 来源：Project Gutenberg
章节目录
共 417 题- Transcriber’s Note
- CONTAINING
- AS WELL AS
- BY THOMAS MACKELLAR, PH. D.
- EIGHTEENTH EDITION.
- PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.
- CONTENTS.
- PAGE.
- RISE AND PROGRESS OF PRINTING 13-48
- IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS OF THE ART 49-120
- COMPOSITION 121-140
- IMPOSITION 141-199
- PROOF-READING AND CORRECTING 200-217
- THE FOREMAN OR OVERSEER 218-234
- THE PRESS AND ITS WORKING 235-292
- WAREHOUSE DEPARTMENT 293-299
- JOBBING FACILITIES 300-310
- USEFUL RECEIPTS 311-317
- ORTHOGRAPHICAL 318-332
- HOW TO SECURE COPYRIGHTS 333-335
- THE METRIC SYSTEM 336, 337
- TECHNICAL TERMS OF THE CRAFT 338-343
- ABBREVIATIONS 344-356
- FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES 357-372
- INDEX 373-383
- ANON.
- FOX’S MARTYRS.
- RISE AND PROGRESS OF PRINTING.
- DISCOVERY OF PRINTING.
- ANCIENT PECULIARITIES.
- PRINTING IN AMERICA.
- TYPE-FOUNDING IN EUROPE.
- TYPE-FOUNDING IN AMERICA.
- STEREOTYPING.
- ELECTROTYPING.
- LITHOGRAPHY.
- ENGRAVING.
- PHOTO-ENGRAVING.
- A WALK OVER OUR FOUNDRY.
- IMPLEMENTS OR TOOLS OF THE ART.
- TYPES.
- ROMAN LETTER.
- ITALIC LETTER.
- BLACK LETTER.
- SAXON CHARACTERS.
- NAMES AND SIZES OF TYPE.
- GRADATION OF TYPES.
- POINT SYSTEM OF TYPE-BODIES.
- 4 POINT. Semi-Brevier.
- 5 POINT. Pearl.
- 6 POINT. Nonpareil.
- 7 POINT. Minion.
- 8 POINT. Brevier.
- 9 POINT. Bourgeois.
- 10 POINT. Long Primer.
- 11 POINT. Small Pica.
- 12 POINT. Pica.
- 14 POINT. English.
- 16 POINT. Two-line Brevier.
- 18 POINT. Three-line Nonpareil.
- 20 POINT. Two-line Long Primer.
- 22 POINT. Two-line Small Pica.
- 24 POINT. Two-line Pica.
- 28 POINT. Two-line English.
- 30 POINT. Five-line Nonpareil.
- 32 POINT. Four-line Brevier.
- 36 POINT. Three-line Pica.]
- A BILL OF PICA.
- A BILL OF 800 LBS. OF PICA.
- A FOUNT OF TYPE.
- A complete fount of type may be comprised under the following heads:—
- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Œ &
- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Œ &
- CAPITALS.
- 8. The first word of every line in poetry.
- SMALL CAPITALS.
- POINTS.
- APOSTROPHE.
- HYPHEN.
- PARENTHESIS AND BRACKET.
- REFERENCES.
- ACCENTED LETTERS.
- Letters called accented by printers are the five vowels, marked thus:—
- NUMERAL LETTERS.
- ARITHMETICAL FIGURES.
- OLD STYLE FIGURES.
- SCRATCHED OR CANCELLED FIGURES
- FRACTIONS.
- SIGNS.
- COMMERCIAL SIGNS.
- MATHEMATICAL, ALGEBRAICAL, AND GEOMETRICAL.
- C or c, a cube.
- CELESTIAL AND ASTRONOMICAL SIGNS.
- ECCLESIASTICAL SIGNS.
- MEDICAL SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS.
- METAL RULES OR DASHES.
- BRACES.
- SPACES.
- TWO-LINE LETTERS
- QUADRATES.
- QUOTATIONS.
- LEADS.
- FLOWERS AND BORDERS.
- BRASS RULES.
- The lately-invented
- BRASS LABOUR-SAVING RULE
- EARLIEST WRITTEN SOUNDS.
- HIEROGLYPHIC ALPHABET.
- 2 _suten xāt m sexti, xeper ḥemes m tȧṭet, netńu re n ȧmu-xetef, semer nu_
- 4 _seun ḥer-sen. Mā-ten ḥen-a ḥer šau qat, sexa m sep m xut;_
- 5 _n-mxet ȧrí-ȧ mennu, semen-ȧ utu reṭu n ḥer xuti._]
- TRANSLATION.
- RUNIC ALPHABETS.
- It has been thus deciphered into the Anglo-Saxon dialect of the period:—
- Or, in Modern English:—
- ANGLO-SAXON ALPHABET.
- GERMAN ALPHABET.
- GREEK.
- THE GREEK ALPHABET.
- There are twelve diphthongs or compound vowels in Greek, viz.:—
- Six proper,—αι, αυ, ει, ευ, οι, ου; and
- ACCENTS AND ASPIRATES.
- 4. The letter ρ is the only consonant marked by a breathing.
- PLAN OF GREEK CASES.
- HEBREW.
- THE HEBREW ALPHABET.
- LETTERS THAT HAVE A LIKENESS TO OTHERS.
- 1. _The Long Vowels._
- 2. _The Short Vowels._
- 3. _Shevas, which imply a Vowel to be wanting._
- ACCENTS.
- PLANS OF HEBREW CASES.
- RUSSIAN ALPHABET.
- MUSIC TYPE.
- MUSIC COMPOSITION.
- PLAN OF CASES.
- MODERN CONVENIENCES.
- THE ART OF COMPOSITION.
- GENERAL REMARKS.
- PLAN OF CASES.
- POSITION.
- LAYING TYPE.
- DISTRIBUTING.
- COMPOSING.
- SPACING.
- JUSTIFYING.
- HEAD-LINES.
- NOTES.
- BLANKING.
- PARAGRAPHS.
- INDEXES.
- TITLES.
- DEDICATIONS.
- CONTENTS.
- PREFACES.
- SIGNATURING.
- ERRATA.
- HINTS HONOURED IN THE BREACH.
- TO THE APPRENTICE.
- TO BEGINNERS.
- HOW NOT TO SUCCEED.
- 5. Put up your sign—a handsome one—
- IMPOSING, OR PREPARING FOR PRESS.
- IMPOSITION
- TYING UP PAGES.
- LAYING PAGES.
- MAKING UP FURNITURE.
- MAKING THE MARGIN.
- LOCKING UP FORMS.
- MEMORANDA.
- NOMENCLATURE OF SHEETS.
- PROOF-READING AND CORRECTING.
- PROOF-READING.
- CORRECTING IN THE METAL.
- TYPOGRAPHICAL MARKS EXEMPLIFIED.
- EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECTIONS.
- TABLE OF SIGNATURES.
- THE FOREMAN OR OVERSEER.
- GENERAL DUTIES.
- CASTING OFF COPY.
- MANUSCRIPT.
- PRINTED.
- HURRIED WORK.
- COMPANIONSHIPS.
- TAKING COPY.
- MAKING UP.
- MAKING UP OF LETTER.
- MAKING UP FURNITURE.
- IMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING LETTER.
- CORRECTING, ETC.
- TRANSPOSITION OF PAGES.
- RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN A PRINTING-OFFICE.
- 7. Compositors are not to leave either type or furniture on the stone.
- 13. Letter-boards, windows, frames, &c., to be kept free from pi.
- 16. Unnecessary conversation to be avoided.
- THE PRESS AND ITS WORKING.
- HISTORY OF THE PRESS.
- THE BULLOCK WEB PERFECTING PRESS.
- THE WALTER PERFECTING PRESS.
- THE HOE PERFECTING PRESS.
- RAILROAD-TICKET PRINTING AND NUMBERING PRESS.
- JOB PRESSES.
- FOLDING MACHINES.
- SETTING UP A WASHINGTON PRESS.
- SETTING UP THE ROLLER-STAND.
- COMPOSITION ROLLERS.
- COVERING TYMPANS.
- WETTING PAPER.
- BLANKETS.
- MAKING READY A FORM ON A HAND-PRESS.
- PULLING.
- RULES AND REMEDIES FOR PRESSMEN.
- THE LEY-TROUGH.
- MAKING READY ON CYLINDER PRESSES.
- FINE HAND-PRESSWORK.
- Ink for fine work should be characterized by the following peculiarities:—
- PRINTING WOOD-CUTS.
- CARD PRINTING
- GOLD PRINTING.
- BRONZE PRINTING
- PRINTING IN COLOURS.
- HOW TO USE DRY COLOURS.
- 4. Various shades may be produced by observing the following directions:—
- HOW TO MULTIPLY COLOURS.
- CONTRAST OF COLOURS.
- OILING A PRESS.
- HOW TO TREAT WOOD TYPE.
- WAREHOUSE DEPARTMENT.
- THE WAREHOUSEMAN.
- GIVING OUT PAPER TO WET.
- HANGING UP PAPER TO DRY.
- TAKING DOWN SHEETS WHEN DRY.
- FILLING IN AND PRESSING SHEETS.
- COUNTING OUT AND PUTTING AWAY SHEETS.
- STANDARD SIZES OF MACHINE-MADE PAPER.
- PRINTING PAPER.
- WRITING PAPER.
- A TABLE
- JOBBING FACILITIES.
- No. of Order _____________________
- USEFUL RECEIPTS.[22]
- ORTHOGRAPHICAL.
- EXAMPLES.
- IRREGULARS.
- I. From the Greek are derived—
- 2. Those in _gon_; from γωνια, (_gonia_,) an angle; as, _octagon_.
- III. From the French have come—
- 1. Most of our words in _age_; as, _page_, _rage_, _usage_.
- 2. All those in _eau_; as, _beau_, _flambeau_, &c.
- RULE I.
- RULE II.
- RULE III.
- RULE IV.
- RULE V.
- RULE VI.
- RULE VII.
- RULE VIII.
- ILLUSTRATIONS.
- RULE IX.
- RULE X.
- RULE XI.
- ILLUSTRATIONS.
- RULE XII.
- RULE XIII.
- ILLUSTRATIONS.
- EXCEPTIONS.
- RULE XIV.
- RULE XV.
- RULE XVI.
- ILLUSTRATIONS.
- RULE XVII.
- RULE XVIII.
- ILLUSTRATIONS.
- HOW TO SECURE COPYRIGHTS.
- THE METRIC SYSTEM.
- 5. The Gram, the unit of weight, = 15.43234874 grains troy.
- For practical purposes the following are commonly used as units, viz.:—
- METRIC EQUIVALENTS OF ENGLISH MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.
- LONG MEASURE.
- SQUARE MEASURE.
- 1 acre = 40.467 ares.
- LIQUID MEASURE.
- DRY MEASURE.
- AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
- TROY WEIGHT.
- TABLE FOR REDUCING POUNDS AND OUNCES TO KILOGRAMS.
- TECHNICAL TERMS OF THE CRAFT.
- ABBREVIATIONS.
- Auth. Ver.—Authorized Version, (of the Bible.)
- C. or cent.—_Centum_, a hundred.
- C. B.—_Communis Bancus_, Common Bench.
- C. B.—Companion of the Bath.
- C. C.—Caius College; Account Current.
- C. C. C.—Corpus Christi College.
- C. C. P.—Court of Common Pleas.
- C. E.—Canada East.
- C. E.—Civil Engineer.
- C. G.—Commissary-General; Consul-General.
- C. H.—Court-House.
- C. J.—Chief-Justice.
- C. M.—Common Metre.
- C. M. G.—Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George.
- C. O. D.—Cash (or collect) on delivery.
- Com. Ver.—Common Version (of the Bible.)
- C. P.—Common Pleas.
- C. P.—Court of Probate.
- C. P. S.—_Custos Privati Sigilli_, Keeper of the Privy Seal.
- C. R.—_Custos Rotulorum_, Keeper of the Rolls.
- C. S.—Court of Sessions.
- C. S.—_Custos Sigilli_, Keeper of the Seal.
- C. Theod.—_Codice Theodosiano_, in the Theodosian Code.
- C. W.—Canada West.
- D. B. or Domesd. B.—Domesday-Book.
- D. C.—_Da Capo_, again.
- D. C.—District of Columbia.
- D. C. L.—Doctor of Civil Law.
- D. D.—_Divinitatis Doctor_, Doctor of Divinity.
- Dg.—Dekagram, (metric system.)
- D. H.—Dead-head.
- Dl.—Dekaliter, (metric system.)
- Dm.—Dekametre, (metric system.)
- D. M.—Doctor of Music.
- D. P.—Doctor of Philosophy.
- D. S.—_Dal segno_, from the sign.
- Ds.—Dekastere, (metric system.)
- D. T.—_Doctor Theologiæ_, Doctor of Divinity.
- D. V.—_Deo volente_, God willing.
- Fr.—Franc; Frau, (lady.)
- Ha.—Hektare, (metric system.)
- Hectol.—Hectolitre, (metric system.)
- Hg.—Hektogram, (metric system.)
- Hl.—Hectoliter, (metric system.)
- Hm.—Hectometer, (metric system.)
- I. II. III.—One, two, three, or first, second, third.
- Ictus.—_Jurisconsultus._
- I. H. S.—_Jesus hominum Salvator_, Jesus the Saviour of men.
- I. N. D.—_In nomine Dei_, in the name of God.
- I. O. O. F.—Independent Order of Odd-Fellows.
- I. O. U.—I owe you.
- I. q.—_Idem quod_, the same as.
- Kg.—Kilogram, (metric system.)
- Kl.—Kiloliter, (metric system.)
- Km.—Kilometer, (metric system.)
- K. M. T.—Knight of Maria Theresa (of Austria.)
- K. N. S.—Knight of the Royal North Star, (in Sweden.)
- Kr.—Kreuzer, (German coin.)
- K. R. E.—Knight of the Red Eagle, (in Prussia.)
- K. S. A.—Knight of St. Anne (of Russia.)
- K. S. E.—Knight of St. Esprit, (in France.)
- K. S. F.—Knight of St. Fernando (of Spain.)
- K. S. F. M.—Knight of St. Ferdinand and Merit, (in Naples.)
- K. S. G.—Knight of St. George (of Russia.)
- K. S. H.—Knight of St. Hubert (of Bavaria.)
- K. S. J.—Knight of St. Januarius (of Naples.)
- K. S. L.—Knight of the Sun and Lion, (in Persia.)
- K. S. S.—Knight of the Southern Star (of the Brazils.)
- K. S. W.—Knight of St. Wladimir (of Russia.)
- K. T. S.—Knight of the Tower and Sword (in Portugal.)
- K. W.—Knight of William (of the Netherlands.)
- K. W. E.—Knight of the White Eagle, (in Poland.)
- L. or £, s. d.—Pounds, shillings, pence.
- L. C.—Lord Chancellor; Lord Chamberlain.
- L. C.—Lower Canada.
- L. C. J.—Lord Chief-Justice.
- L. D.—_Lepide dictum_, finely said; Lady-Day.
- L. I.—Long Island.
- LL. B.—_Legum Baccalaureus_, Bachelor of Laws.
- LL. D.—_Legum Doctor_, Doctor of Laws.
- L. S.—_Locus sigilli_, place of the seal.
- LXX.—The Septuagint (Version of the Old Testament.)
- M. or Mons.—Monsieur.
- M. A.—Master of Arts.
- M. A. N. S.—Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
- M. B.—_Medicinæ Baccalaureus_, Bachelor of Medicine.
- M. B.—_Musicæ Baccalaureus_, Bachelor of Music.
- M. B. F. et H.—Great Britain, France, and Ireland.
- M. C.—Member of Congress.
- M. D.—_Medicinæ Doctor_, Doctor of Medicine.
- Mg.—Myriagram, (metric system.)
- Ml.—Myrialiter, (metric system.)
- M. L. A.—Mercantile Library Association.
- Mm.—Myriameter, (metric system.)
- M. M. S.—Moravian Missionary Society.
- M. P.—Member of Parliament; Member of Police.
- M. P. P.—Member of Provincial Parliament.
- M. R.—Master of the Rolls.
- M. R. C. C.—Member of the Royal College of Chemistry.
- M. R. C. S.—Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.
- M. R. G. S.—Member of the Royal Geographical Society.
- M. R. I.—Member of the Royal Institution.
- M. R. I. A.—Member of the Royal Irish Academy.
- M. R. S. L.—Member of the Royal Society of Literature.
- M. W.—Most Worthy; Most Worshipful.
- Neut.—Neuter (gender.)
- Non con.—Not content; dissenting, (House of Lords.)
- O. K.—All correct, (slang.)
- O. S.—Old Style, (before 1752.)
- Rom.—Romans (Book of.)
- Ta.—Tantalum (Columbium.)
- Thlr.—Thaler, (German coin.)
- V. C.—Vice-Chancellor.
- V. D. M.—_Verbi Dei Minister_, Minister of God’s Word.
- V. G.—Vicar-General.
- V. R.—_Victoria Regina_, Queen Victoria.
- Vul.—Vulgate (Version.)
- Wisd.—Wisdom, (Book of.)
- X. or Xt.—Christ.
- FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES, WITH TRANSLATIONS.
- INDEX.
- FOOTNOTES
- We cite further the following well-known account:—
- THE PRINTER TO THE READERS.
- W. BRADFORD.
- Electrotyping
- PRINTERS’ TEXT-BOOKS.
- Transcriber’s Note
- Page 358, “Felonius” changed to “Felonious” (Felonious intent.)