_LOWER CASE._
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ œ ff fi ffi fl ffl
_ITALIC CAPITALS._
_A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Œ &_
_ITALIC LOWER CASE._
_a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ œ ff fi ffi fl ffl_
_FIGURES AND FRACTIONS._
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ¼ ½ ¾ ⅓ ⅔ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞
_POINTS AND REFERENCES._
, ; : ? ! - ’ ( ) [ ] * † ‡ § ∥ ¶
_BRACES, DASHES AND COMMERCIAL SIGNS._
$ £ ° ` ´ [symb] [symb] [symb] - – — ⸺ ☞ ☜ @ ⅌ ℔
Four kinds of spaces; en, em, two and three em quadrates.
Accents.
These are the ordinary sorts cast to a fount, and are classified by
founders as long, short, ascending, descending, kerned, and double
letters.
LONG LETTERS fill the whole depth of the face of the body, and are both
ascending and descending, such in the Roman as Q and j, and in the Italic
_f_.
SHORT LETTERS have the face cast on the middle of the body, (by founders
called shank,) as a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, x, z, all of which
will admit of being bearded above and below the face, both in Roman and
Italic.
ASCENDING LETTERS are all the Roman and Italic capitals; in the lower
case, b, d, f, h, i, k, l, t.
DESCENDING LETTERS are g, p, q, y, in Roman and Italic.
KERNED LETTERS are types that have part of the face hanging over either
one or both sides of the body. In Roman, f and j are the only kerned
letters; but, in Italic, _d_, _g_, _j_, _l_, _y_ are kerned on one side,
and _f_ on both sides of its face. Most Italic capitals are kerned on one
side of the face.
The DOUBLE LETTERS in modern use are ff, fi, ffi, fl, ffl; and these are so cast
to prevent the breaking of the beak of the f when used before a tall
letter. The diphthongs æ and œ may be classed among double letters.
Printers divide a fount of letter into two classes.
1. _The upper case_ } _sorts._
2. _The lower case_ }
The upper case sorts are capitals, small capital letters, references,
dashes, braces, commercial signs and fractions.
The lower case consists of small letters, double letters, figures,
points, spaces and quadrates.