Standard methods
Standard methods for the examination of water and sewage
作者：American Public Health Association. Laboratory Section; American Chemical Society; Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (U.S.)
体例：题 章数：249
字数：214,746 来源：Project Gutenberg
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章节目录
共 249 题- CONTENTS.
- CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 82
- INDEX 113
- PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION.
- COLLECTION OF SAMPLES.
- QUANTITY REQUIRED FOR ANALYSIS.
- BOTTLES.
- INTERVAL BEFORE ANALYSIS.
- Samples kept at less than 10°C 24 hours
- REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES.
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.
- TEMPERATURE.
- TURBIDITY.
- TURBIDITY STANDARD.[110]
- PLATINUM WIRE METHOD.[42]
- TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD.
- COEFFICIENT OF FINENESS[80]
- COLOR.
- COMPARISON WITH PLATINUM-COBALT STANDARDS.[43]
- COMPARISON WITH GLASS DISKS.[105]
- COMPARISON WITH NESSLER STANDARDS.
- LOVIBOND TINTOMETER.
- ODOR.[4][14][53][72][92][114][115][121c]
- COLD ODOR.
- HOT ODOR.
- EXPRESSION OF RESULTS.
- 0 None. No odor perceptible.
- CHEMICAL EXAMINATION.
- EXPRESSION OF RESULTS.
- FORMS OF NITROGEN.
- AMMONIA NITROGEN.
- DETERMINATION BY DISTILLATION.[38][68b][111][121]
- MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA NITROGEN.
- COMPARISON WITH AMMONIA STANDARDS.
- COMPARISON WITH PERMANENT STANDARDS.[62][65]
- MODIFICATION FOR SEWAGE.
- DETERMINATION BY DIRECT NESSLERIZATION.[21][75]
- ALBUMINOID NITROGEN.
- ORGANIC NITROGEN.[24b][69][71][76][84]
- NITRITE NITROGEN.[51][63a][64][94c][108]
- 5. Fuchsine solution. 0.1 gram per liter.
- NITRATE NITROGEN.[16][36][90][100]
- PHENOLDISULFONIC ACID METHOD.[1][5][32]
- REDUCTION METHOD.[2][46]
- TOTAL NITROGEN.[93]
- OXYGEN CONSUMED.[24][67][84a][85][94f][101][102]
- RECOMMENDED METHOD.
- OTHER METHODS.
- RESIDUE ON EVAPORATION.
- TOTAL RESIDUE.[16]
- FIXED RESIDUE AND LOSS ON IGNITION.[13][96]
- SUSPENDED MATTER.[56][110]
- DETERMINATION WITH GOOCH CRUCIBLE.
- DETERMINATION BY FILTRATION.
- DETERMINATION OF VOLUME.
- FIXED RESIDUE AND LOSS ON IGNITION.
- HARDNESS.[94e]
- TOTAL HARDNESS BY CALCULATION.
- TOTAL HARDNESS BY SOAP METHOD.[121b]
- TOTAL HARDNESS BY SODA REAGENT METHOD.[47][74][81][94d]
- TEMPORARY HARDNESS BY TITRATION WITH ACID.
- NON-CARBONATE HARDNESS BY SODA REAGENT METHOD.[47][74][81][94d]
- NON-CARBONATE HARDNESS BY SOAP METHOD.
- ALKALINITY.[11][18][47][97]
- PROCEDURE WITH PHENOLPHTHALEIN.
- PROCEDURE WITH METHYL ORANGE.
- PROCEDURE WITH LACMOID.
- PROCEDURE WITH ERYTHROSINE.
- BICARBONATE.
- NORMAL CARBONATE.[20][94]
- HYDROXIDE.[20][94]
- ALKALI CARBONATES.
- ACIDITY.[24d][37]
- 3. Phenolphthalein indicator (see p. 36).
- 4. Methyl orange indicator (see p. 36).
- TOTAL ACIDITY.
- FREE CARBON DIOXIDE.[20][23][61][87][88][94a][118]
- FREE MINERAL ACIDS.
- MINERAL ACIDS AND SULFATES OF IRON AND ALUMINIUM.[24d][37]
- CHLORIDE.[16]
- IRON.[94b][98]
- TOTAL IRON.[59][63b]
- COLORIMETRIC METHOD.
- 5. Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated, free from iron.
- 6. Nitric acid. Concentrated, free from iron.
- 7. Nitric acid. 5N, free from iron.
- COMPARISON WITH IRON STANDARDS.
- COMPARISON WITH PERMANENT STANDARDS.
- VOLUMETRIC METHOD.[24f]
- DISSOLVED IRON.
- SUSPENDED IRON.
- FERROUS IRON.[24e]
- FERRIC IRON.
- MANGANESE.
- PERSULFATE METHOD.
- 4. Ammonium persulfate. Crystals, free from chloride.
- BISMUTHATE METHOD.[2a][113]
- 5. Sodium bismuthate. Purest dry salt.
- LEAD, ZINC, COPPER, AND TIN.[7][60]
- 3. Ammonium chloride. Twenty-five per cent solution.
- 4. Ammonium acetate. Fifty per cent solution.
- 5. Ammonium hydroxide. (Sp. gr. 0.96.)
- 6. Hydrogen sulfide. Saturated solution.
- 8. Potassium oxalate. Crystals.
- 9. Potassium sulfate. Crystals.
- 10. Alcohol. Ninety-five per cent.
- 11. Alcohol. Fifty per cent.
- 12. Acetic acid. Fifty per cent.
- 13. Nitric acid. Concentrated acid (Sp. gr. 1.42).
- 15. Hydrochloric acid. (Sp. gr. 1.20.)
- 16. Sulfuric acid. Concentrated acid (Sp. gr. 1.84).
- 18. Urea. Crystals.
- LEAD.
- ZINC.
- COPPER.[77]
- TIN.
- MINERAL ANALYSIS.
- RESIDUE ON EVAPORATION.
- ALKALINITY AND ACIDITY.
- CHLORIDE.
- NITRATE NITROGEN.
- SEPARATION OF SILICA, IRON, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM.[10][48]
- SILICA.
- IRON AND ALUMINIUM.
- Al = 0.53[(Fe_{2}O_{3} + Al_{2}O_{3}) − 1.43 Fe]
- CALCIUM.
- MAGNESIUM.
- SEPARATION OF SULFATE, SODIUM, AND POTASSIUM.
- SULFATE.
- SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND LITHIUM.
- POTASSIUM.
- LITHIUM.[34]
- BROMINE, IODINE, ARSENIC, AND BORIC ACID.
- BROMINE AND IODINE.[10]
- 2. Potassium nitrite or sodium nitrite. Two per cent solution.
- 3. Carbon bisulfide. Freshly purified by distillation.
- 5. Chlorine water. Saturated solution.
- ARSENIC.[31]
- BORIC ACID.
- HYDROGEN SULFIDE.[103]
- 3. Potassium iodide. Crystals.
- 4. Starch. A freshly prepared solution for use as indicator.
- CHLORINE.
- DISSOLVED OXYGEN.[16][65][68][71b][99][100c][120]
- 3. Potassium oxalate. A 2 per cent solution.
- 6. Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated (Sp. gr. 1.18–1.19).
- ETHER-SOLUBLE MATTER.[44]
- RELATIVE STABILITY OF EFFLUENTS.[78]
- The theoretical relation is, S = 100 (1 − 0.794_t__{20})
- BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF SEWAGE AND EFFLUENTS.[60a][60c][60d]
- RELATIVE STABILITY METHOD.
- Oxygen demand = O(1 − p)/Rp
- SODIUM NITRATE METHOD.
- ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND MUD DEPOSITS.
- COLLECTION OF SAMPLE.
- REACTION.
- SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
- MOISTURE.
- VOLATILE AND FIXED MATTER.
- TOTAL ORGANIC NITROGEN.
- ETHER-SOLUBLE MATTER.
- FERROUS SULFIDE.
- BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND.
- ANALYSIS OF CHEMICALS.
- REAGENTS.
- 2. Concentrated hydrochloric acid. Sp. gr. 1.20.
- 3. Hydrochloric acid, N/2.
- 4. Hydrochloric acid, N/10.
- 5. Ammonium hydroxide. Redistilled; sp. gr. 0.90.
- 7. Methyl orange indicator. See page 36.
- 8. Phenolphthalein indicator. See page 36.
- 9. Bromine water.
- 12. Sodium hydroxide, N/20. Free from carbonate.
- 14. Alcohol. Ethyl alcohol, 95 per cent.
- 15. Sugar. Solid granulated cane sugar.
- SULFATE OF ALUMINIUM.
- INSOLUBLE MATTER.
- OXIDES OF IRON AND ALUMINIUM.
- TOTAL IRON.
- FERRIC IRON.
- FERROUS IRON.
- BASICITY RATIO.
- LIME.
- SULFATE OF IRON.
- INSOLUBLE MATTER.
- IRON AS FERROUS SULFATE.
- ACIDITY.
- SODA ASH.
- INSOLUBLE MATTER.
- AVAILABLE ALKALI.
- CHEMICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
- LEVY, D. D. _Ann. de l’Observatoire de Mont-Souris_, 1883 _et seq._
- MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION.
- MICROSCOPICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
- BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.
- I. APPARATUS.
- II. MATERIALS.
- 4. _Sugars._—All sugars used shall be of the highest purity obtainable.
- III. METHODS.
- 1. PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA.
- 2. Heat slowly on a steam bath to at least 65° C.
- 4. Cool to 25° C. and filter through filter paper until clear.
- 5. Distribute in test-tubes, 10 cc. to each tube.
- 4. Filter through cloth and cotton until clear.
- 4. Filter through cloth and cotton until clear.
- 4. Filter through cloth and cotton until clear.
- 2. COLLECTION OF SAMPLE.
- 3. STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SAMPLES.
- 4. DILUTIONS.
- 5. PLATING.
- 6. INCUBATION.
- 7. COUNTING.
- 8. THE TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF MEMBERS OF THE B. COLI GROUP.
- A. PRESUMPTIVE TEST.
- B. PARTIALLY CONFIRMED TEST.
- 2. Incubate the plates at 37° C., 18 to 24 hours.
- C. COMPLETED TEST.
- APPLICATION OF PRESUMPTIVE, PARTIALLY CONFIRMED, AND COMPLETED TESTS.
- C. The Completed Test.
- 9. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS.
- 10. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS.
- 2. Heat with occasional stirring over steam for twenty minutes.
- 4. Distribute 10 cc. portions in sterilized test-tubes.
- 12. ROUTINE PROCEDURE FOR EXAMINATION OF SAMPLES OF WATER.
- 1. Prepare dilutions as required.
- 1. Count the agar plates made on the first day.
- 1. Count gelatin plates made on first day.
- BACTERIOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
- INDEX.
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
- E.
- F.
- G.
- H.
- I.
- L.
- M.
- N.
- O.
- P.
- R.
- S.
- T.
- V.
- Z.
- TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES