Anatomy of

Anatomy of the Cat

Name: Anatomy of the Cat
Author: Reighard, Jacob, 1861-1942; Jennings, H. S. (Herbert Spencer), 1868-1947; Jennings, Louise Burridge [Illustrator]

作者：Reighard, Jacob, 1861-1942; Jennings, H. S. (Herbert Spencer), 1868-1947; Jennings, Louise Burridge [Illustrator]
体例：题　章数：269
字数：876,163　来源：Project Gutenberg

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Transcriber’s Notes
ANATOMY OF THE CAT
BY
AND
ROBERT DRUMMOND, PRINTER, NEW YORK.
PREFACE.
5. Jayne, H. Mammalian Anatomy. Vol. I. Philadelphia, 1898.
CONTENTS.
II. The Ribs 18
III. The Sternum 20
THE MUSCLES 93
I. Muscles of the Skin 93
THE VISCERA 217
I. The Body Cavity 217
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 274
I. The Heart 274
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 335
SENSE ORGANS AND INTEGUMENT 409
I. The Eye 409
II. The Ear 415
III. Olfactory Organ 426
IV. Organ of Taste 426
V. Integument 427
APPENDIX: PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS 429
INDEX 473
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG. PAGE
ANATOMY OF THE CAT.
THE SKELETON OF THE CAT.
I. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS.
FIG. 3.--FOURTH THORACIC VERTEBRA, SIDE VIEW.
FIG. 7.--SACRUM, VENTRAL SURFACE.
FIG. 9.
FIG. 12.--ATLAS, VENTRAL VIEW.
LIGAMENTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN.
IV. THE SKULL.
FIG. 18.--OCCIPITAL BONE, INNER SURFACE.
FIG. 20.--SPHENOID BONE, DORSAL OR INTERNAL SURFACE.
FIG. 23.--TEMPORAL BONE, INTERNAL SURFACE.
FIG. 28.--MAXILLARY BONE, MEDIAL SURFACE.
FIG. 32.--ETHMOID AND VOMER, VENTRAL VIEW.
FIG. 35.--MALAR BONE OF RIGHT SIDE, LATERAL SURFACE.
FIG. 37.--MANDIBLE, MEDIAL SURFACE.
JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE SKULL.
V. BONES OF THE THORACIC EXTREMITIES.
FIG. 45.--SCAPULA, MEDIAL SURFACE.
FIG. 48.--HUMERUS, MEDIAL SIDE.
FIG. 50.--RADIUS AND ULNA, VENTROMEDIAL VIEW.
JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE THORACIC LIMBS.
FIG. 53.--ELBOW-JOINT, LATERAL VIEW.
VI. BONES OF THE PELVIC EXTREMITIES.
JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE PELVIC LIMBS.
FIG. 61.--KNEE-JOINT, FROM THE VENTRAL OR FLEXOR SIDE.
THE MUSCLES.
B. DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD.
The =superficial layer= takes
The =middle layer= takes
The =deep layer= takes
III. MUSCLES OF THE BODY.
2. =Muscles on the Ventral Side of the Vertebral Column.=
3. =Muscles of the Thorax.=
B. MUSCLES OF THE WALL OF THE THORAX.
IV. MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC LIMBS.
1. Muscles of the Shoulder.
A. MUSCLES ON THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE SHOULDER.
B. MUSCLES ON THE MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE SHOULDER.
2. =Muscles of the Brachium or Upper Arm.=
3. =Muscles of the Antibrachium or Forearm.=
4. =Muscles of the Hand.=
V. MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC LIMBS.
A. ON THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE HIP.
2. Muscles of the Thigh.
3. Muscles of the Lower Leg (Crus).
4. Muscles of the Foot.
THE VISCERA.
I. THE BODY CAVITY.
II. THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. APPARATUS DIGESTORIUS.
FIG. 99.--SECTION OF THE ILEOCOLIC VALVE.
III. RESPIRATORY ORGANS. APPARATUS RESPIRATORIUS.
2. =The Larynx.=
2. Muscles which move the parts of the larynx one upon another.
A. =Muscles on the Outer Surface of the Larynx.=
B. =Muscles on the Inner Surface of the Cartilages of the Larynx.=
IV. THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM. APPARATUS UROGENITALIS.
1. The Excretory Organs.
FIG. 109.--MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF KIDNEY.
2. The Genital Organs.
1. The =scrotum= (the integument).
2. =Cremasteric fascia= (subcutaneous fascia).
4. =Tunica vaginalis communis= (transversalis fascia).
5. =Tunica vaginalis propria= (peritoneum).
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
I. THE HEART. COR.
FIG. 116.--HEART, DORSAL VIEW.
II. THE ARTERIES. ARTERIÆ.
1. =A. pulmonalis, the Pulmonary Artery= (Fig. 115, _f_).
2. =Aorta= (Fig. 115, _g_; Fig. 118, _a_).
BRANCHES OF THE THORACIC AORTA.
A. SUBCLAVIA. THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY.
THE PALMAR ARCH AND ITS BRANCHES IN THE PALM OF THE HAND.
THE VEINS. VENÆ.
1. Veins of the Heart.
2. =Vena cava superior= (Fig. 129, _b_).
3. =Vena cava inferior= (Fig. 129, _c_; Fig. 126, _a_).
IV. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. SYSTEMA LYMPHATICUM.
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
I. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
FIG. 140.--DIAGRAM OF BRAIN FROM THE SIDE.
A. RHOMBENCEPHALON.
B. MESENCEPHALON.
II. THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
C. =Nerves of the Arm.=
B. THORACIC NERVES.
3. The Sympathetic Nervous System. Systema nervorum sympathicum.
4. A communicating branch to the second thoracic nerve.
SENSE-ORGANS AND INTEGUMENT.
I. THE ORGAN OF SIGHT. ORGANON VISUS.
II. THE EAR. ORGANON AUDITUS.
III. THE OLFACTORY ORGAN. ORGANON OLFACTUS.
IV. THE ORGAN OF TASTE. ORGANON GUSTUS.
V. THE INTEGUMENT. INTEGUMENTUM COMMUNE.
APPENDIX.
PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS.
THE BONES.
MUSCLES.
DISSECTION OF MUSCLES.
DIRECTIONS FOR DISSECTING THE MUSCLES OF THE CAT.
I. THE SKIN-MUSCLES (pp. 93-96, and Fig. 62).
2. The intermedius scutulorum (p. 96, and Fig. 63, _a_).
3. The corrugator supercilii medialis (Fig. 63, _b_).
4. The orbicularis oculi (Fig. 63, _c_; Fig. 64, _s_).
5. The corrugator supercilii lateralis (Fig. 64, _k_).
6. Notice the frontoauricularis if it exists.
7. The levator auris longus (Fig. 63, _g_, _g′_). Transect and reflect.
8. The auricularis superior (Fig. 63, _k_). Transect.
9. The abductor auris longus (Fig. 63, _m_). Transect.
10. The abductor auris brevis (Fig. 63, _l_). Transect.
13. The submentalis (Fig. 64, _c_).
14. The depressor conchæ (Fig. 64, _b_).
15. The frontoscutularis. Transect near the scutiform cartilage.
17. The orbicularis oris (p. 105 and Fig. 64, _i_).
18. The zygomaticus minor, if it exists (p. 105, and Fig. 64, _e_).
19. The quadratus labii superioris (p. 105).
20. The caninus (p. 106, and Fig. 64, _f′_).
21. The buccinator (p. 106).
22. The myrtiformis (p. 106, and Fig. 64, _h_).
23. The “moustachier” (p. 107).
24. The quadratus labii inferioris (p. 107).
III. MUSCLES OF THE FORE LIMB.
5. The rhomboideus. Transect.
14. Dissect the coracobrachialis (Fig. 77, _f_). Cut and reflect it.
21. The teres minor (Fig. 80, _c_, and p. 161) need not be cut.
22. The epitrochlearis (p. 164, and Fig. 65, _r_).
24. The anconeus (p. 170, and Fig. 80, _l_).
30. Extensor communis digitorum (p. 174, and Fig. 75, _m_).
31. Extensor lateralis digitorum (p. 175, and Fig. 75, _n_).
32. Extensor carpi ulnaris (p. 176, and Fig. 75, _o_).
33. Extensor indicis (p. 176, and Fig. 85, _c_).
34. Pronator teres (p. 179, and Fig. 77, _q_).
36. Abductor brevis pollicis (p. 184, and Fig. 77, _w_).
37. Flexor carpi ulnaris (p. 180, and Fig. 77, _t_).
41. The supinator (p. 177, and Fig. 85, _b_).
42. The extensor brevis pollicis (p. 178, and Fig. 85, _a_).
43. Pronator quadratus (p. 183, and Fig. 87, _a_).
44. The lumbricals (p. 184, and Fig. 88, _f_).
45. The flexor brevis pollicis (p. 184, and Fig. 89, _a_).
46. The adductor pollicis (p. 185, and Fig. 89, _b_).
47. The abductor digiti quinti (p. 185, and Fig. 89, _i_).
50. The interossei (p. 185, and Fig. 89).
IV. MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD.
5. The sternothyroid (p. 141, and Fig. 65, _g′_). Transect.
6. The stylohyoid (p. 112, and Fig. 65, _d_). Transect.
8. The mylohyoid (p. 114, and Fig. 65, _c_). Transect and reflect.
9. The geniohyoid (p. 113, and Fig. 67, _g_).
10. The jugulohyoid (p. 113, and Fig. 67, _b_).
The roof of the mouth is thus exposed. Dissect next--
V. MUSCLES OF THE WALL OF THE THORAX AND OF THE ABDOMEN.
2. The transversus costarum (p. 150, and Fig. 73, _j_).
1. Longus capitis (p. 142, and Fig. 72, _a_).
2. Longus colli (p. 144, and Fig. 72, _g′_, _g″_).
5. Obliquus capitis superior (p. 136, and Fig. 72, _e_).
6. Rectus capitis lateralis (p. 143, and Fig. 72, _d_).
VII. MUSCLES OF THE BACK (p. 123).
5. The longissimus capitis (p. 131, and Fig. 73, _g_). Transect.
9. The longus atlantis (p. 134, and Fig. 71, _f_).
11. The extensor caudæ medialis (p. 136, and Fig. 70, _e_).
15. The obliquus superior (p. 136, and Fig. 71, _e_).
16. The obliquus capitis inferior (p. 136, and Fig. 71, _b_).
17. The rectus capitis posterior medius (p. 135). Transect.
18. The rectus capitis posterior minor (p. 135).
VIII. MUSCLES OF THE HIND LIMBS (p. 186).
2. The tenuissimus (p. 195, and Fig. 90, _g_). Transect.
3. The caudofemoralis (p. 195, and Fig. 68, _s_). Transect.
4. The gluteus maximus (p. 187). Transect.
5. The sartorius (p. 197, and Fig. 68, _q_; Fig. 91, _a_). Transect.
10. The gluteus minimus (p. 189, and Fig. 163, 5). Transect.
12. The gemellus inferior (p. 190).
13. The gracilis (p. 198, and Fig. 91, _b_). Transect.
17. The quadratus femoris (p. 191, and Fig. 90, _f_). Transect.
18. The obturator externus (p. 191).
20. The pectineus (p. 200, and Fig. 92, _e_). Transect.
22. The capsularis (p. 190). Transect.
25. The plantaris (p. 205, and Figs. 90 and 91, _l_).
27. The soleus (p. 205, and Fig. 90, _o_). Cut and reflect.
33. Peroneus brevis (p. 210, and Fig. 90, _s_).
34. Peroneus tertius (p. 210, and Fig. 90, _r_).
35. Extensor longus digitorum (p. 210, and Fig. 90, _p_).
36. Tibialis anterior (p. 211, and Fig. 90, _n_).
37. The extensor brevis digitorum (p. 212, and Fig. 90, _u_).
39. The lumbricales (p. 213).
40. The interossei (with the muscles of the fifth digit) (p. 214).
5. The iliocaudalis (p. 137, and Fig. 162, 11′).
6. The levator ani (p. 269, and Fig. 162, 11).
7. The abductor caudæ internus (p. 137).
8. The flexor caudæ longus (p. 138, and Fig. 162, 12).
9. The flexor caudæ brevis (p. 138, and Fig. 162, 13).
X. MUSCLES OF THE TAIL (p. 136).
7. The extensor caudæ lateralis (p. 137, and Fig. 70, _f_).
8. The extensor caudæ medialis (p. 136, and Fig. 70, _e_).
THE VISCERA.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE VISCERA.
A. In the abdominal cavity (without injuring anything)
2. The gall-bladder partly imbedded in the right median lobe.
DISSECTION OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL.
I. Salivary glands (p. 223).
XIII. The spleen (p. 242, and Fig. 102).
DISSECTION OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION.
DISSECTION OF THE UROGENITAL ORGANS.
A. _Excretory Organs._
B. _Male Genital Organs._
1. Study the external genital organs (p. 257).
2. The uterine tube. Its ostium (p. 264).
3. The body of the uterus (p. 266) as far as exposed.
4. The cornu of the uterus.
5. The broad and round ligaments of the uterus (p. 266).
3. Examine the cervix uteri and os uteri (p. 266).
DISSECTION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
I. THE HEART (p. 274, and Figs. 115-117).
II. DISSECTION OF THE BLOOD-VESSELS.
II. Dissect the subclavian and its branches (p. 290) as follows:
1. The coronary arteries and the veins of the heart (pp. 281 and 316).
Trace next--
IV. Vessels in the abdominal cavity.
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
I. THE SPINAL CORD (p. 335).
2. Slit open and reflect the dura mater (p. 337) for an inch or two.
3. Demonstrate the arachnoid by pulling it off with forceps.
4. Reflect the pia mater in the same way as the dura mater.
5. Study the fissures and grooves of the cord.
II. THE BRAIN (p. 339).
3. The pons (p. 347).
III. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
1. THE CRANIAL NERVES (p. 369) AND SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM (p. 404).
4. The hypoglossal (p. 383, and Fig. 156, _b_).
5. The glossopharyngeal (p. 378, and Fig. 156, _a_).
6. The accessory nerve (p. 382, and Fig. 156, _c_; Fig. 158, 1).
2. SPINAL NERVES.
SENSE-ORGANS.
I. THE EYE (p. 410).
II. THE EAR (p. 415).
1. The rotator auris. Transect.
2. The adductor auris superior (Fig. 169, 1).
3. The adductor auris medius (2).
4. The transversus auriculæ (Fig. 63, _i_, p. 97).
5. The auricularis externus (Fig. 169, 10).
8. The tragicus medialis (Fig. 169, 5, 5′).
9. The conchæus externus (Fig. 169, 9).
INDEX.
Transcriber’s Notes