Extinct birds
Extinct birds
作者：Rothschild, Lionel Walter Rothschild, Baron, 1868-1937
体例：题 章数：409
字数：318,116 来源：Project Gutenberg
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章节目录
共 409 题- EXTINCT BIRDS.
- BY
- PREFACE.
- WALTER ROTHSCHILD.
- INTRODUCTION.
- LITERATURE REFERRING TO EXTINCT BIRDS.
- 1665. The same. Second Edition. Rotterdam 1665. {xvii}
- In two volumes. Second Edition. (See 1873.)
- LIST OF PLATES.
- 2. 1. _Foudia bruante_. From the figure in Daubenton's work.
- 2. _Necropsar rodericanus_. Made up from description.
- 3. _Necropsar leguati_. From the type specimen in Liverpool.
- 3. 1. _Geospiza magnirostris_. From the type specimen in London.
- 2. _Geospiza strenua_. Head. From specimen at Tring.
- 3. _Nesoenas mayeri_. From specimen in the British Museum.
- 2. _Heterorhynchus lucidus_. From a specimen in the Paris Museum.
- 4. _Ciridops anna_. From a specimen in the Tring Museum.
- 2. _Chaetoptila angustipluma_. From specimen in the Tring Museum.
- 5. 1. _Miro traversi_. From skin in the Tring Museum.
- 3. _Bowdleria rufescens_. From a skin in the Tring Museum.
- 2. Head of _Nestor productus_. From a specimen in the Tring Museum.
- 7. _Lophopsittacus mauritianus_. From ancient drawing and description.
- 8. _Necropsittacus borbonicus_. From a description.
- 10. _Ara tricolor_. From specimen in the Liverpool Museum. {xxviii}
- 11. _Ara gossei_. From Gosse's description.
- 12. _Ara erythrocephala_. From Gosse's description.
- 13. _Anadorhynchus purpurascens_. From description.
- 14. _Ara martinicus_. From description.
- 15. _Ara erythrura_. From description.
- 16. _Conurus labati_. From description.
- 17. _Amazona violaceus_. From description.
- 18. _Amazona martinicana_. From description.
- 19. _Palaeornis exsul_. From the plate in the "Ibis."
- 20. _Palaeornis wardi_. From the plate in the "Ibis."
- 21. _Hemiphaga spadicea_. From the specimen in the Tring Museum.
- 24. _Didus cucullatus_. From drawings.
- 3. _Pennula millsi_. From skin in the Tring Museum.
- 28. 1. _Cabalus modestus_. From skin in the Tring Museum.
- 2. _Coturnix novaezealandiae_. From skin in the Tring Museum.
- 29. _Aphanapteryx bonasia_. From ancient drawing.
- 31. _Leguatia gigantea_. Made up from ancient figures and descriptions.
- 32. _Apterornis coerulescens_. From description.
- 33. _Notornis alba_. From the plate in "Ibis," 1873.
- 38. _Alca impennis_. From the stuffed specimen in the Tring Museum.
- 39. _Carbo perspicillatus_. From a specimen in the British Museum.
- 42. _Dinornis ingens_. Restoration from skeleton and some feathers.
- PALAEOCORAX FORBES.
- PALAEOCORAX MORIORUM (FORBES).
- PALAEOCORAX ANTIPODUM FORBES.
- FREGILUPUS LESSON.
- FREGILUPUS VARIA (BODD.)
- WE ARE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING SPECIMENS PRESERVED IN COLLECTIONS.
- 4 stuffed in Troyes.
- 1 stuffed, from the Riocour collection, in the British Museum.
- 1 in the Florence Museum.
- 1 in Turin.
- 1 in Pisa.
- 1 in Stockholm.
- 1 in the Museum at Port Louis, on the island of Mauritius.
- 1 in the collection of the late Baron de Selys Longchamps.
- 1 in Genoa.
- NECROPSAR GÜNTHER & NEWTON.
- NECROPSAR RODERICANUS GÜNTH. & NEWT.
- NECROPSAR LEGUATI FORBES.
- FOUDIA BRUANTE (P.L.S. MÜLL.)
- CHAUNOPROCTUS BP.
- CHAUNOPROCTUS FERREOROSTRIS (VIG.)
- GEOSPIZA MAGNIROSTRIS GOULD.
- GEOSPIZA DENTIROSTRIS GOULD.
- POMAREA NIGRA (SPARRM.)
- MIRO TRAVERSI BULLER.
- TURDUS TERRESTRIS KITTL.
- PHAEORNIS OAHENSIS WILSON & EVANS.
- BOWDLERIA RUFESCENS (BULLER).
- TRAVERSIA ROTHSCH.
- TRAVERSIA LYALLI ROTHSCH.
- MOHO APICALIS GOULD.
- CHAETOPTILA SCL.
- CHAETOPTILA ANGUSTIPLUMA (PEALE).
- THE ONLY SPECIMENS WE KNOW OF ARE THE FOLLOWING:--
- 1. The type in the Museum at Washington, U.S.A.
- 2. One in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu.
- STRIGICEPS LEUCOPOGON LESS.
- DREPANIS TEMM.
- DREPANIS PACIFICA (GM.)
- HEMIGNATHUS OBSCURUS ELLISIANUS GRAY.
- HETERORHYNCHUS LUCIDUS (LICHT.)
- PSITTIROSTRA PSITTACEA DEPPEI ROTHSCH.
- LOXOPS COCCINEA RUFA BLOXAM.
- CIRIDOPS WILSON.
- CIRIDOPS ANNA (DOLE).
- SIPHONORHIS SCL.
- SIPHONORHIS AMERICANUS (L.)
- NESTOR PRODUCTUS (GOULD.)
- NESTOR NORFOLCENSIS PELZELN.
- LOPHOPSITTACUS NEWTON.
- LOPHOPSITTACUS MAURITIANUS (OWEN).
- ARA TRICOLOR BECHST.
- Habitat: Formerly Cuba and Isle of Pines. {52}
- ARA GOSSEI ROTHSCH.
- ARA ERYTHROCEPHALA ROTHSCH.
- ARA MARTINICUS (ROTHSCH.)
- Habitat: Martinique. {54}
- ARA GUADALOUPENSIS CLARK.
- ARA ERYTHRURA NOM. NOV.
- ANODORHYNCHUS PURPURASCENS ROTHSCH.
- AMAZONA VIOLACEUS (GM.)
- AMAZONA MARTINICANA CLARK.
- CONURUS LABATI ROTHSCH.
- NECROPSITTACUS MILNE-EDW.
- NECROPSITTACUS RODRICANUS (MILNE-EDW.)
- Habitat: Rodriguez. {62}
- NECROPSITTACUS(?) BORBONICUS NOM. NOV.
- NECROPSITTACUS(?) FRANCICUS ROTHSCH.
- MASCARINUS LESSON.
- MASCARINUS MASCARINUS (L.)
- MASCARINE PARROT.
- PALAEORNIS EXSUL NEWTON.
- Habitat: Rodriguez Island. {66}
- PALAEORNIS WARDI E. NEWTON.
- Habitat: Seychelles Islands. {67}
- PALAEORNIS EQUES (BODD).
- Habitat: Bourbon or Réunion, but now extinct. No specimens known. {68}
- PALAEORNIS ECHO NEWTON.
- CYANORHAMPHUS ZEALANDICUS (LATHAM.)
- Evidently extinct. {70}
- CYANORHAMPHUS ULIETANUS (GM.)
- CYANORHAMPHUS SUBFLAVESCENS SALVADORI.
- BUBO(?) LEGUATI NOM. NOV.
- SCOPS COMMERSONI OUST.
- ATHENE MURIVORA MILNE-EDWARDS.
- SCELOGLAUX RUFIFACIES BULLER.
- STRIX NEWTONI NOM. NOV.
- Habitat: Mauritius. {80}
- STRIX SAUZIERI NEWT. & GAD.
- The following are the measurements:--
- ASTUR ALPHONSI NEWT. & GAD.
- HARPAGORNIS HAAST.
- HARPAGORNIS MOOREI HAAST.
- CARBO PERSPICILLATUS (PALL.)
- Habitat: Bering Island. {88}
- CARBO MAJOR (FORBES).
- PLOTUS NANUS NEWT. & GAD.
- The measurements are as follows:--
- Habitat: Mauritius. (Also recorded from Madagascar.)
- CHENALOPEX SIRABENSIS ANDREWS.
- The measurements are:--
- CENTRORNIS ANDREWS.
- CENTRORNIS MAJORI ANDREWS.
- The measurements are:--
- CNEMIORNIS OWEN.
- CNEMIORNIS CALCITRANS OWEN.
- CNEMIORNIS MINOR FORBES.
- CEREOPSIS NOVAEZEALANDIAE FORBES.
- SARCIDIORNIS MAURITIANUS NEWT. & GAD.
- ANAS FINSCHI VAN BENEDEN.
- ANAS THEODORI NEWT. & GAD.
- CAMPTOLAIMUS LABRADORIA (GM.)
- Cambridge: 1 [male]
- Dublin: 1 fine mounted [male] (Dr. Scharff in litt.)
- Tring: 1 [male] ad., 1 [male] jun. (See below.)
- Philadelphia: 2 [male] jun., 1 [female]
- Collection of Mr. William Brewster: 1 [male] jun., 1 [female]
- Collection of Dalhousie College, Halifax: [male] [female]
- This makes a total of 48 known specimens. {107}
- ARDEA MEGACEPHALA MILNE-EDWARDS.
- 2 Humeri, 2 Femora, 2 Tibiae, and 2 Metatarsi in the Tring Museum. {114}
- ARDEA DUBOISI NOM. NOV.
- Habitat: Réunion or Bourbon. {115}
- ARDEA MAURITIANA (NEWT. & GAD.)
- The following are the measurements:--
- PROSOBONIA BP.
- PROSOBONIA LEUCOPTERA (GM.)
- AECHMORHYNCHUS COUES.
- AECHMORHYNCHUS CANCELLATA (GM.)
- Habitat: "Christmas Island in the Pacific Ocean and Paumotu Islands."
- GALLINAGO CHATHAMICA FORBES.
- HYPOTAENIDIA (?) PACIFICUS (GM.)
- NESOLIMNAS ANDREWS.
- NESOLIMNAS DIEFFENBACHII GRAY.
- CABALUS HUTTON.
- CABALUS MODESTUS (HUTTON).
- A single specimen and young from Mangare; also a specimen in spirits."
- OCYDROMUS MINOR HAMILTON.
- OCYDROMUS INSIGNIS FORBES.
- APHANAPTERYX FRAUENFELD.
- APHANAPTERYX BONASIA SELYS.
- DIAPHORAPTERYX FORBES.
- DIAPHORAPTERYX HAWKINSI (FORBES).
- ERYTHROMACHUS MILNE-EDWARDS.
- ERYTHROMACHUS LEGUATI MILNE-EDWARDS.
- PENNULA DOLE.
- PENNULA MILLSI DOLE.
- MOHO OF THE NATIVES.
- PENNULA SANDWICHENSIS (GM.)
- TRIBONYX ROBERTI ANDREWS.
- The measurements are:--
- NOTORNIS OWEN.
- NOTORNIS MANTELLI OWEN.
- NOTORNIS HOCHSTETTERI A.B.M.
- NOTORNIS STANLEYI (ROWLEY).
- Habitat: Lord Howe Island. {144}
- NOTORNIS ALBA (WHITE).
- APTERORNIS SELYS.
- APTERORNIS COERULESCENS SELYS.
- APTORNIS OWEN.
- APTORNIS OTIDIFORMIS (OWEN).
- APTORNIS DEFOSSOR OWEN.
- The chief other differences in size, according to Owen, are as follows:--
- PALAEOLIMNAS FORBES.
- PALAEOLIMNAS CHATHAMENSIS (FORBES).
- PALAEOLIMNAS NEWTONI (MILNE-EDWARDS).
- PALAEOLIMNAS PRISCA (HAMILTON).
- LEGUATIA SCHLEGEL.
- LEGUATIA GIGANTEA SCHLEGEL.
- ALCA IMPENNIS L.
- THE GREAT AUK.
- FOR FULL DESCRIPTIONS, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LIST OF REMAINS, SEE:--
- I HAVE IN MY MUSEUM:
- AESTRELATA CARIBBAEA (CARTE).
- Habitat: Jamaica. {159}
- AESTRELATA HASITATA (KUHL).
- HEMIPHAGA SPADICEA (LATH.)
- ALECTROENAS NITIDISSIMA (SCOP.)
- Habitat: Mauritius. {164}
- ALECTROENAS(?) RODERICANA (MILNE-EDWARDS).
- NESOENAS SALVAD.
- NESOENAS MAYERI (PREVOST).
- Habitat: Mauritius. {166}
- NESOENAS DUBOISI SP. NOV.
- ECTOPISTES SWAINS.
- ECTOPISTES MACROURA (L.)
- PASSENGER PIGEON.
- FAMILY DIDIDAE. (L.)
- DIDUS LINN.
- Two species: _Didus cucullatus_ and _Didus solitarius_. {172}
- DIDUS CUCULLATUS (L.)
- DODO.
- THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF THE PAINTINGS REPRESENTING THE DODO.
- 3. _Sion House._ Duke of Northumberland. By John Goeimare, 1627.
- 11. _Oxford._ Ashmolean Museum. By John Savery, 1651.
- DIDUS SOLITARIUS (SELYS).
- RÉUNION DODO.
- PEZOPHAPS STRICKLAND & MELVILLE.
- PEZOPHAPS SOLITARIUS (GM.)
- THE SOLITAIRE.
- Of their habits we only have the accounts of Leguat:--
- TYMPANUCHUS CUPIDO (L.)
- HEATH HEN.
- COTURNIX NOVAEZELANDIAE QUOY & GAIM.
- DINORNITHIDAE.
- MOAS.
- DINORNITHIDAE.
- THE GENERA ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- 1. Otago Museum. Molyneux River, 1901. _Pachyornis pondorosus_.
- 2. Tring Museum. Molyneux River, 1901. _Megalapteryx huttoni_.
- 3. Rowley Collection. South Island, 1859. _Dinornis novaezealandiae_.
- DINORNIS.
- Number of species: 7. {192}
- DINORNIS MAXIMUS OWEN.
- DINORNIS ALTUS OWEN.
- Locality: Middle Island, New Zealand. Collected by Dr. Lillie. {193}
- DINORNIS GIGANTEUS OWEN.
- DINORNIS INGENS OWEN.
- There is an almost perfect skeleton in the Tring Museum. {194}
- DINORNIS GRACILIS OWEN.
- DINORNIS DROMIOIDES OWEN.
- DINORNIS NOVAEZEALANDIAE OWEN.
- MEGALAPTERYX HAAST.
- Number of species 4. {197}
- MEGALAPTERYX HECTORI HAAST.
- MEGALAPTERYX HAMILTONI SPEC. NOV.
- Habitat: North Island, New Zealand. (Type locality Waingongoro.)
- MEGALAPTERYX TENUIPES LYD.
- MEGALAPTERYX HUTTONII (OWEN).
- ANOMALOPTERYX REICHENBACH.
- Number of species: 4. {202}
- ANOMALOPTERYX DIDIFORMIS (OWEN.)
- ANOMALOPTERYX PARVUS (OWEN.)
- ANOMALOPTERYX ANTIQUUS HUTT.
- Locality: Timaru, Middle Island, New Zealand. {203}
- ANOMALOPTERYX FORTIS HUTT.
- CELA REICHENBACH.
- CELA CURTUS (OWEN.)
- Habitat: North Island, New Zealand. {206}
- CELA OWENI (HAAST).
- CELA GERANOIDES (OWEN.)
- Habitat: North Island, New Zealand. {207}
- CELA RHEIDES (OWEN).
- CELA CASUARINUS (OWEN).
- EMEUS REICHENBACH.
- EMEUS CRASSUS (OWEN).
- Imperfect skeleton in Tring Museum. {210}
- EMEUS BOOTHI NOM. NOV.
- EMEUS GRAVIPES LYD.
- EMEUS HAASTI NOM. NOV.
- Habitat: Middle Island, New Zealand. {211}
- EMEUS PARKERI NOM. NOV.
- EMEUS EXILIS (HUTT.)
- PACHYORNIS LYDEKKER.
- PACHYORNIS ELEPHANTOPUS (OWEN.)
- Two imperfect skeletons in the Tring Museum; one from Kapua Swamps. {215}
- PACHYORNIS IMMANIS LYD.
- PACHYORNIS ROTHSCHILDI LYD.
- PACHYORNIS PONDEROSUS (HUTT.)
- PACHYORNIS INHABILIS HUTT.
- PACHYORNIS VALGUS (HUTT.)
- Habitat: Middle Island, New Zealand. {217}
- PACHYORNIS PYGMAEUS (HUTT.)
- PACHYORNIS COMPACTA (HUTT.)
- PALAEOCASUARIUS FORBES.
- PALAEOCASUARIUS HAASTI FORBES.
- PALAEOCASUARIUS VELOX FORBES.
- PALAEOCASUARIUS ELEGANS FORBES.
- AEPYORNITHIDAE.
- The following is the diagnosis of the family
- AEPYORNITHIDAE.
- The three genera are as follows:--
- AEPYORNIS T. GEOFF.
- MULLERORNIS MILNE-EDWARDS & GRANDIDIER.
- FLACOURTIA ANDREWS.
- AEPYORNIS GEOFF.
- AEPYORNIS TITAN ANDR.
- The egg purchased in 1854 in the Paris Museum measures:--
- AEPYORNIS MAXIMUS GEOFF.
- The measurements of the limbs are as follows:--
- The dimensions of the type egg are as follows:--
- AEPYORNIS GRANDIDIERI ROWLEY.
- The measurements of bones of the hind limb are as follows:--
- AEPYORNIS CURSOR M.-E. & GRAND.
- AEPYORNIS MEDIUS M.-E. & GRAND.
- Circumference of shaft 215 mm."
- Habitat: West Madagascar. {228}
- AEPYORNIS HILDEBRANDTI BURCKH.
- AEPYORNIS LENTUS M.-E. & GRAND.
- Habitat: Madagascar. {229}
- AEPYORNIS MULLERI M.-E. & GRAND.
- AEPYORNIS MODESTUS M.-E. & GRAND.
- MULLERORNIS MILNE-EDWARDS & GRANDIDIER.
- MULLERORNIS BETSILEI MILNE-EDW. & GRAND.
- Habitat: Central Madagascar. {232}
- MULLERORNIS AGILIS MILNE-EDW. & GRAND.
- FLACOURTIA ANDREWS.
- FLACOURTIA RUDIS (MILNE-EDW. & GRAND.)
- DROMAIUS PERONI NOM. NOV.
- DROMAIUS MINOR (SPENCER).
- PLATES.
- PLATE 1
- PLATE 2
- PLATE 3
- 1. GEOSPIZA MAGNIROSTRIS
- 2. GEOSPIZA STRENUA
- 3. NESOENAS MEYERI
- 4. CHAUNOPROCTUS FERREIROSTRIS
- PLATE 4
- 1. HEMIGNATHUS ELLISIANUS
- 2. HETERORHYNCHUS LUCIDUS
- 3. PSITTIROSTRA PSITTACEA DEPPEI
- 4. CIRIDOPS ANNA
- PLATE 4A
- PLATE 5
- 3. BOWDLERIA RUFESCENS
- PLATE 5A
- PLATE 6
- PLATE 7
- PLATE 8
- PLATE 9
- PLATE 10
- PLATE 11
- PLATE 12
- PLATE 13
- PLATE 14
- PLATE 15
- PLATE 16
- PLATE 17
- PLATE 18
- PLATE 19
- PLATE 20
- PLATE 21
- PLATE 22
- PLATE 23
- PLATE 24
- PLATE 24A
- 1, 2, 3. DIDUS CUCULLATUS (_see explanation_)
- PLATE 24B
- 1-9. DIDUS CUCULLATUS
- PLATE 24C
- 10-13. DIDUS CUCULLATUS
- PLATE 25
- PLATE 25A
- PLATE 25B
- PLATE 26
- PLATE 27
- PLATE 28
- PLATE 29
- PLATE 30
- PLATE 31
- PLATE 32
- PLATE 33
- PLATE 34
- PLATE 35
- PLATE 36
- PLATE 37
- PLATE 38
- PLATE 39
- PLATE 40
- PLATE 41
- PLATE 42
- NOTES