The average daily straight-line distances (average of all known 24-hour
moves) traveled by Wolf No. 10 was 3.6 miles (5.8 km). For Wolf No. 11
and her associates it was 5.8 miles (9.3 km) for the period before the
settled Phase of their movements. The daily summer straight-line
movements of an immature radioed female in Ontario ranged from 0.0 to
3.5 miles (5.6 km) per day and averaged 1.0 (1.6 km) per day (Kolenosky
and Johnston 1967). Mech and Frenzel (1971) found that the average daily
straight-line distance traveled in Minnesota by three lone wolves was
2.0, 1.0 and 2.9 miles (3.2, 1.6, and 4.6 km), and a pack of five
averaged 2.5 miles (4.0 km) straight-line distance per day. A pack of
eight wolves in Ontario traveled actual distances of 0.0 to 13.2 miles
(21.1 km) per day during winter with an average movement of 4.4 miles
(7.1 km) per day (Kolenosky 1972).
Thus distances moved by both lone Wolf No. 10 and the pack were greater
than the distances reported for lone wolves and packs in their native
range. In Harger's (1970) study of homing in black bears, he also found
increased movement by displaced animals.
There was a general reduction in distances moved by the pack in May and
June after the wolves had settled in Iron County (Fig. 19), compared
with their earlier exploratory movements (Fig. 24). The movements during
the Settled Phase were similar to those reported from the studies in
Ontario and Minnesota.
[Illustration: _Fig. 24.--Straight-line distances between consecutive
locations for (A) Wolves No. 11, 12, and 13, (B) Wolf No. 10. (Gaps
between data points represent periods when no data were obtained.
Because these periods varied, and because distance traveled is partly a
function of duration between locations, it is only valid to grossly
compare distances from one period to the next.)_]