178. (1) The reduplicative perfects were discarded in Vulgar Latin,
with the exception of _dĕdi_ (and its compounds) and _stĕti_, whose
reduplicative character was no longer apparent. _Cecĭdī_ became
✱_cadui_ or ✱_cadéi_; the rest either disappeared or passed into the
_-sī_ class: _cucŭrrī_ ＞ ✱_cŭrsī_, _momŏrdī_ ＞ ✱_mŏrsī_, _pepĕndī_ ＞
✱_pē(n)sī_, _pupŭgī_ ＞ ✱_punxī_, _tetĕndī_ ＞ ✱_tē(n)sī_, _tetĕgī_ ＞
✱_taxī_ ✱_tanxī_.
(2) The _-i_ perfects were greatly reduced in number in Vulgar Latin.
Some disappeared (_ēgī_), some became weak (_fūgī_ ＞ ✱_fugīī_ ＞
fügí); others passed into the _-sī_ or the _-uī_ class: _prehĕndī_ ＞
✱_prē(n)sī_ ＞ pris; _bĭbit_ ＞ ✱_bĭbuit_ ＞ bẹc, _vēnit_ ＞ ✱_vēnuit_ ＞
vẹnc. In Provençal only three _-ī_ verbs remained: _fēcī_ ＞ fis, _fuī_
＞ füi, _vīdī_ ＞ vi.
(3) Of the _-sī_ class (including _-ssī_ and _-xī_) over twenty verbs
were preserved in Vulgar Latin (_dīxī_, _excŭssī_, _mīsī_, _traxī_,
etc.), and about the same number passed into this class from others
(_absco(n)sī_, ✱_fraxī_ ✱_sŭrsī_, etc.): cf. (1) and (2) above. In
Provençal nearly half the verbs of the second and third conjugations
have _-sī_ preterits: _rema(n)sī_ ＞ remas, ✱_respō(n)sī_ ＞ respọs[129].
(4) The _-uī_ class held its own very well in Vulgar Latin (_placuī_,
etc.) and received some additions (_natus sum_ ＞ ✱_nacuī_, _sustŭlī_ ＞
✱_tŏluī_, _vēnī_ ＞ ✱_vēnuī_, _vīcī_ ＞ ✱_vĭncuī_, _vīxī_ ＞ ✱_vīscuī_,
etc.)[130]. To this class belonged, in Vulgar Latin (and, according
to Meyer-Lübke[131], in classic Latin also), all perfects in _-vī_,
this ending being pronounced -wŭī, later -wwị or -βwị: _cognōvī_ ＞
✱_conōvuī_ ＞ conọc, _crēvit_ ＞ ✱_crēvuit_ ＞ crẹc, _mōvī_ ＞ ✱_mŏvuī_ ＞
mǫc. Cf. § 148. In Provençal not far from half the verbs of the second
and third conjugations have _-uī_ preterits. For a combination of a -c
＜ _-uī_ stem with a weak ending, see § 175, (3). For the extension of
-c ＜ _-uī_ to other conjugations, see § 176.
179. In the 1st pers. pl. the accent was shifted to the ending, to
make this form correspond to the 2d pers. sg. and pl.: _fēcĭmus_ ＞
✱_fēcĭ́mu’_ ＞ fezẹm (cf. _fecĭstī_ ＞ fezist, _fecĭstis_ ＞ fezẹtz),
✱_prē(n)sĭmus_ ＞ ✱_presĭ́mu’_ ＞ prezẹm, _debŭĭmus_ ＞ _deβwĭ́mu’_ ＞
deguẹm. Exceptions are _fŭĭmus_ ＞ fọm, _vīdĭmus_ ＞ vim; in these
verbs the 2d pers. forms also are monosyllabic (füst, fọtz; vist,
vitz).
180. We find in some verbs an irregular 3d pers. pl. without -r-, made
by adding -on or -en to the 3d pers. sg., the final consonant of which
is voiced in all verbs in which it is voiced in the other persons
of the plural: (aucire) aucis, aucíson; (plánher) plais, pláisson;
(prenre) prẹs, prẹson; (remanre) remas, remáson; (venir) vẹnc,
vẹnguen; (volẹr) vǫlc, vǫlgon.
1. _Prenre_ has _preiron_ (beside _preson_ _preseron_),
probably through the analogy of _feiron_ ＜ _fēcĕrunt_.
_Mairon_, from _maner_, is perhaps to be explained in the same
way.
181. (1) Through the change of -e- to -i- by the influence of a final
-ī, as described in § 173, (1), a distinction was established between
the first and the third person singular of some preterits: _crēvī_
＞ cric, _crēvit_ ＞ crẹc; _fēcī_ ＞ fis, _fēcit_ ＞ fẹs; ✱_prē(n)sī_
＞ pris, ✱_prē(n)sit_ ＞ prẹs; _tĕnuī_ ✱_tēnuī_[132] ＞ tinc, _tĕnuit_
✱_tēnuit_ ＞ tẹnc; _vēnī_ ✱_vēnuī_[132] ＞ vinc, _vēnit_ ✱_vēnuit_
＞ vẹnc. Mẹtre, also, has mis, mẹs, which may come from ✱_mĭssī_
✱_mĭssit_ (cf. _mĭssum_) = _mīsī_, _mīsit_; or perhaps mis comes from
_mīsī_ and mẹs is analogical. Through the analogy of such forms,
quęrre has quis, quẹs. In the preterit of podẹr, both _pŏtuī_ and
_pŏtuit_ would regularly have given pǫc puǫc puęc (§ 37), but pǫc
was kept for the 3d person, and puǫc puęc was used for the 1st. The
preterit of volẹr differentiates the two persons similarly--vuęlc,
vǫlc; here the diphthong (perhaps under the influence of puęc) is
borrowed from the present, where we have ✱_vŏleo_ ＞ vuęlh, ✱_vŏlet_ ＞
vǫl (§ 37). Avẹr, likewise, borrows a distinction from the present:
aic, ac reproduce the vowels of ai, a; aic + aguí ＞ aiguí.
(2) For -í as a characteristic of the first person, see § 177, (1).
(3) For -c as a distinctive mark of the third person, see § 176.