(1) _Facĕre_ ＞ faire (✱_fare_ ＞ far) has:
_fēcī_ ＞ fis, fezí _fēĭmus_ ✱_fēcĭ́mu’_ ＞ fezẹm
_fēcĭ́stī_ ＞ fezíst fezís _fēcĭstis_ ＞ fezẹtz fezẹs
_fēcit_ ＞ fẹtz fẹs _fēcĕrunt_ ＞ fẹiron fẹiro
1. We do not find, in the 1st pers. sg., as we should expect
(§ 65, C´), _fitz_ beside _fis_; doubtless the form came early
under the influence of _mis_, _pris_, _quis_, etc. For _fezí_,
see § 177, (1). There is also a form _fi_, due, perhaps, to the
analogy of _vi_ ＜ _vīdī_; corresponding to _fi_ are 3d pers.
sg. _fe_, and pl. _fem_, _fes_, _feron_. A rare _figuí_ is
evidently made on the model of _aiguí_, etc. In the 3d pers.
sg. we find also _fei_, which seems to be patterned after
_feiron_ or after the present _fai_.
(2) _Esse_ (＞ ✱_ĕssĕre_ ＞ ęsser ęstre) had originally a long _u_ in
the perfect. In literary Latin the _u_ was shortened, but the popular
speech seems to have kept _ū_ beside _ŭ_. The Provençal 1st and 2d
pers. sg. apparently come from _fūī_, ✱_fūstī_ = _fuĭstī_ (although Pr.
füi might be taken from _fŭī_), while the other forms presuppose _ŭ_:
_fūī_ ＞ füi _fŭĭmus_ ✱_fŭmu’_ ＞ fọm
_fūĭstī_ ✱_fūstī_ ＞ füst füs _fŭĭstis_ ✱_fŭstis_ ＞ fọtz fọs
_fŭit_ ✱_fŭt_ ＞ fọ, fọn, fọnc _fŭĕrunt_ ✱_fŭrunt_ ＞ fọron fọro,
fọren
1. A rare _fo_ in the 1st pers. sg. seems to be simply borrowed
from the 3d. In the 3d pers. sg., _fon_ beside _fo_ is due
to the analogy of _-on_ _-o_ in the 3d pers. pl., and, in
general, of such double forms as _bon_ _bo_, _mon_ _mo_, _son_
_so_, _ton_ _to_: cf. § 63, (5). _Fonc_ shows the influence of
_tenc_, _venc_.
(3) _Vidēre_ ＞ vezẹr has:
_vīdī_ ＞✱viði ✱við vi, vic _vīdĭmus_ ✱_vīdĭmu’_ ＞✱viðmu ✱viim vim
_vīdĭstī_ ＞vist vis _vīdĭstis_ ＞vitz vis
_vīdit_ ＞✱við vi, vit, vic _vīdĕrunt_ ＞✱viðrun viron viro
1. The 1st pers. sg. _vic_ is patterned upon _aic_ ＜ _habuī_,
_cric_ ＜ _crēvi_, etc. The 2d pers. forms are irregular, as
we should expect ✱_vezist_, ✱_vezetz_: evidently the 2d pers.
followed the analogy of the 1st and 3d. In the 3d pers. sg.,
_vit_ and _vic_ follow the model of _partit_, _partic_, etc.:
see § 173, (3), and § 176.
183. In the -sī perfect the 3d pers. pl. presented difficulties. If the
-e- of the penult fell, an s or z and an r were brought together. Most
dialects apparently preserved the -e-, and shifted the accent to it
(aucizęron, condüissęron, dissęron, prezęron, remazęron, traissęron),
or else borrowed outright the weak ending (respondęron): cf. § 49,
(2), and § 177, (3). Dialects which lost the -e- too early to follow
this method, generally suppressed the sibilant (aucíron, diron, mẹron
from mẹtre, remáron), or omitted the -r- and formed the 3d pers. pl.
directly from the 3d pers. sg. (aucízon, pláisson, prẹzon, remázon: §
180), or else imitated a preterit of another class (mairon from manẹr,
prẹiron from prenre, doubtless patterned after fẹiron ＜ _fēcĕrunt_);
some borderland dialects kept the sibilant and the r, and developed a
dental between them (düystrent ＜ _dūxĕrunt_, mẹsdren ＜ _mīsĕrunt_ +
✱_mĭssĕrunt_: § 70, Sr, Zr).
As examples of the _-sī_ perfect we may take the preterit of dire ＜
_dīcĕre_ and penre prenre ＜ _pr(eh)ĕndĕre_:--
(1) _dīxī_ ＞ dis, dissí _dīxĭmus_ ✱_dīxĭ́mu’_ ＞ dissẹm
_dīxĭstī_ ＞ dissíst _dīxĭstis_ ＞ dissẹtz dissẹs
_dīxit_ ＞ dis _dīxĕrunt_ ＞ dissęron, diron
diro
(2) ✱_prē(n)sī_ ＞ pris, prẹs, presí ✱_prē(n)sĭmus_ ✱_prēsĭ́mu’_
＞ presẹm
✱_prē(n)sĭstī_ ＞ presíst ✱_prē(n)sĭstis_
＞ presẹtz presẹs
✱_prē(n)sit_ ＞ prẹs ✱_prē(n)sĕrunt_
＞ presęron, prẹson, prẹiron
(3) Escriure ＜ _scrībĕre_ has, beside escris ＜ _scrīpsī_, a preterit
escrius (cf. p. p. escriut escrit escrich), in which the u is probably
due to the influence of the infinitive.
(4) For dissí, presí, quesí, respozí, see § 177, (1). For pris prẹs,
etc., see § 173, (1).
184. In the -uī perfect the development depends somewhat upon the
consonant preceding the _u_. The treatment of the various cons. + w
groups, which was discussed in § 72, may be illustrated by _ha_bu_it_
＞ ac[133], _crēvit_ ✱_crē_vu_it_ ＞ crẹc[134]; _nŏ_cu_it_ ＞ nǫc[135];
_sēdit_ ✱_sĕ_du_it_ ＞ sęc, _pŏ_tu_it_ ＞ pǫc; _va_lu_it_ ＞ valc[136],
_tĕnuit_ ✱_tē_nu_it_ ＞ tẹnc[137], _mĕ_ru_it_ ＞ męrc; _sa_pu_it_ ＞
saup[138]: the noteworthy features are the change of _u_ to -c (through
w, gw, g), the absorption of the preceding consonant unless it be a
liquid, a nasal, or a _p_, the preservation of the liquid or nasal, and
the metathesis of the _p_.
Avẹr ＜ _habēre_, podẹr ＜ ✱_pŏtēre_ _pŏsse_, volẹr ＜ ✱_vŏlēre_
_vĕlle_, sabẹr ＜ ✱_sapēre_ _sapĕre_ will serve as examples (for the
accentuation of the 3d pers. pl., see § 16, 2):--
(1) _habuī_ ＞ac, aguí, aic, aiguí _habuĭmus_ ✱_aβwĭ́mu’_ ＞ aguẹm
_habuĭstī_ ＞aguíst _habuĭstis_ ＞aguẹtz aguẹs
_habuit_ ＞ac _habuĕrunt_ ＞ágron ágro, aguęron
1. For _aguí_ (_beguí_, _conoguí_), see § 177, (1). For _aic_,
_aiguí_, (_cric_), see § 181, (1). For _aguęron_ (_visquęron_),
see § 177, (3).
(2) _pŏtuī_ ＞ pǫc puǫc puęc _potuĭmus_ ✱_potwĭ́mu’_ ＞ poguẹm
_potuĭstī_ ＞ poguíst _potuĭstis_ ＞ poguẹtz poguẹs
_pŏtuit_ ＞ pǫc, pǫt _potuĕrunt_ ＞ pǫgron pǫgro
1. For _puoc_, see § 181, (1). _Pot_ is apparently due to the
combined influence of weak preterits and the parts of _poder_
in which the dental is preserved.
(3) _vŏluī_ ＞ vǫlc, vuęlc, volguí _voluĭmus_ ✱_volwĭ́mu’_ ＞ volguẹm
_voluĭstī_ ＞ volguíst _voluĭstis_ ＞ volguẹtz volguẹs
_vŏluit_ ＞ vǫlc _voluĕrunt_ ＞ vǫlgron vǫlgro
1. For _vuelc_ (_tinc_, _vinc_), see § 181, (1); for _volguí_
(_venguí_), § 177, (1).
(4) _sapuī_ ＞ saup, saubí _sapuĭmus_ ✱_sapwĭ́mu’_ ＞ saubẹm
_sapuĭstī_ ＞ saubíst _sapuĭstis_ ＞ saubẹtz saubẹs
_sapuit_ ＞ saup _sapuĕrunt_ ＞ sáubron sáubro, sáupron
1. For _saubí_, see § 177, (1). For _sáupron_ (_sáupra_,
_saupés_, _saupút_), see § 65, P, 3; cf. § 148, (2).