43. Caled Hort. Soc. Mem. vol. iv. 474.
SYNONYMES.--Glammis Castle, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Late Carse of
Gowrie, _Ibid._ Carse of Gowrie, _Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem_, vol. i. 325.
The Gowrie, _in Clydesdale Orchards_.
[Illustration]
Fruit, large; conical, and distinctly four-sided, with four prominent
angles, extending from the base to the apex, where they terminate in
four corresponding ridges. Skin, deep sulphur-yellow, tinged in some
spots with green, and thinly strewed with brown russety dots. Eye,
closed, with broad ragged segments, set in a deep and angular basin.
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, and only
just protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, very juicy,
crisp, brisk, and perfumed.
A first-rate culinary apple, peculiar to the orchards of Clydesdale,
and the Carse of Gowrie; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is an excellent bearer.
362. TRANSPARENT CODLIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 169.
Fruit, large and conical. Skin, smooth, clear yellow, tinged with pale
crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with
short segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short and
slender, inserted in a deep, round, and wide cavity. Flesh, tender,
almost transparent, juicy, sugary, and well flavored.
A culinary apple, in use from September to November.
363. TRUMPETER.--H.
SYNONYME.--Treadle-Hole, _in Lancaster_.
Fruit, large, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches
high; oblong, irregularly shaped, angular on the sides, and prominently
ribbed round the eye. Skin, pale green, with a tinge of yellow on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, closed, and set in a deep and
angular basin, surrounded with four or five prominent knobs. Stalk,
about five-eights of an inch long, slender for the size of the fruit,
and inserted in a deep irregular cavity, which is lined with rough
cracked russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, very juicy, and sweet,
with a brisk and pleasant sub-acid flavor.
A very excellent apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes,
much esteemed in the orchards about Lancaster; it is in use from
October to January.
364. TRUMPINGTON.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
SYNONYMES.--Delware, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 75. Eve, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxviii. f. 2.
Fruit, small, two inches and three-eights wide, and one inch and
five-eights high; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, of a fine
deep golden-yellow, tinged and mottled with pale red on the shaded
side; but of a fine bright red, which extends over the greater part,
where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad, flat,
ovate segments, set in a wide and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, a
quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which
is tinged with green, and lined with russet. Flesh, white, firm, and
pleasantly flavored.
A pretty dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from September to
Christmas.
365. TULIP.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 841.
SYNONYMES.--Tulp, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Tulpen, _Ibid._ Dutch Tulip,
_Ron. Cat._
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half at the widest
part, and two inches and a half high; ovato-conical, regularly and
handsomely shaped, ridged round the eye. Skin, fine deep purple,
extending over the whole surface of the fruit, except on any part
which may be shaded, and then it is yellow. Eye, open, with short,
ovate segments, set in a furrowed and plaited basin. Stalk, about
half-an-inch long, straight and slender, inserted in a deep, and rather
angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and
slightly sub-acid.
A beautiful and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate
quality; in use from November to April.
366. TURK’S CAP.--Hort.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, by two inches and a half
high; roundish, and very much flattened, or oblate; irregularly and
prominently ribbed. Skin, smooth, fine deep golden-yellow, covered with
grey dots, and a few ramifications of russet, and with a brownish-red
tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, placed in a deep,
wide, and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in an
angular cavity, which is lined with thick scaly russet, extending over
the margin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant
sub-acid, but slightly astringent flavor.
An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and also for the manufacture
of cider; it is in use from November to Christmas.
367. UELLNER’S GOLD REINETTE.--Diel.
IDENTIFICATION.--Diel. Kernobst. ii. B. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n.
696.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, and two
inches and an eighth high; oval. Skin, of a fine clear lemon-yellow,
sprinkled with a little russet on the shaded side; but entirely covered
on the side next the sun, with beautiful vermilion, which is strewed
with cinnamon-colored russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a
rather wide, round, even, and moderately deep basin. Stalk, slender,
half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with
russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, and
with a fine aromatic flavor.
A most delicious dessert apple, of the very first quality; “small, but
handsome and rich.” It is in use from January till May.
The tree is a free and excellent grower, and a great bearer.
368. VALE MASCAL PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 561.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, by two inches high; ovate,
regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded
side; but bright red next the sun, and covered with spots of russet.
Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a round, shallow,
and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sugary, and richly flavored.
369. VEINY PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three
quarters high; roundish-oblate. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with
veins, and reticulations of russet. Eye, open, set in a round and deep
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and slightly russety cavity.
Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, but wanting both sugar and
acidity.
An indifferent and worthless apple, in use from December to February.
The tree is a great bearer.
370. VIOLETTE.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 284. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat.
121. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 849.
SYNONYMES.--Grosse Pomme Noire d’Amerique, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 44.
Violette de Quatres Goûts, _Cours. Comp. d’Agric._ xii. 220. Violet
Apple, _West. Bot._ iv. 39. Red Calville, of some, _acc. Hort. Soc.
Cat._ but erroneously. Black Apple, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xx. f. 2.
Fruit, above medium size; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and
regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine
violet-colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side;
but of a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the
sun. Eye, closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with
red juice, leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut; firm,
juicy, and sugary, with a vinous and pleasant flavor.
A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality; in use from
October to March.
Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on pomology,
attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets being found
in the flavor of the fruit; a peculiarity I could never detect. It
is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a
beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic which was observed by
Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago.
371. WADHURST PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally averaging
three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; conical, or
pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged with
green on the shaded side; and more or less mottled with brownish-red,
on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots. Eye,
closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, a quarter of an
inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp,
juicy, and briskly flavored.
A culinary apple of excellent quality; in use from October to February.
It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex.
372. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 853. Lind. Guide, 24.
Fruit, large; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge as
it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the
sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and
open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted,
and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy,
sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale
amber.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September to
Christmas.
This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of
Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of the
London Horticultural Society, in 1821.
373. WANSTALL.--H.
SYNONYME.--Green-street Apple.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
a quarter high; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye,
with five prominent angles on the sides, which terminate in ridges
round the apex, rendering the shape distinctly five-sided. Skin, deep
golden-yellow on the shaded side; but red, which is striped and mottled
with darker red, on the side next the sun; marked with patches and
veins of thin grey russet, and strewed all over with russety dots. Eye,
half open, with broad, flat segments, set in an angular and plaited
basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round cavity.
Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of the very first quality; equal in flavor to the
Ribston Pippin, and will keep till May and June.
This variety was raised at Green-street, near Sittingbourne, in Kent,
by a tailor of the name of Wanstall, about 40 years ago.
374. WARNER’S KING.--M.
IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit, pl. 59.
Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high;
ovate. Skin, of an uniform clear deep yellow, strewed with russety
dots and patches of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, with
long acuminate segments, and set in a narrow, deep, and slightly
angular basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a
round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with thin yellowish-brown
russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and
sub-acid flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to March.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer; very hardy,
and not subject to disease.
375. WATSON’S DUMPLING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 856. Down. Fr. Amer. 142.
Fruit, large; roundish, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth,
yellowish-green, and striped with dull red. Eye, large, not deeply
sunk. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and rather deep cavity. Flesh,
tender, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to February.
376. WEST GRINSTEAD PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 858.
SYNONYME & FIGURE.--East Grinstead, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 53, pl. xxvii. f.
1.
Fruit, medium sized; two inches and three quarters broad, by two inches
and a half high; roundish, and slightly ribbed about the eye. Skin,
light green, striped and mottled with light red on the side next the
sun; and strewed all over with greyish-white dots, on the exposed,
and brown dots on the shaded side. Eye, open, set in a plaited basin.
Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid.
A good second-rate apple for the dessert: in use from November to
April, and keeps well without shrivelling.
377. WHEELER’S RUSSET.--Langley.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lang. Pom. 134. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 129. Lind.
Guide, 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 753. Diel Kernobst. xi. 109.
Rog. Fr. Cult. 107.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a quarter high; roundish-oblate, and somewhat irregular in
its outline. Skin, entirely covered with pale yellowish-grey russet;
with redish-brown where exposed to the sun, strewed with russety
freckles. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, set in a wide,
and undulated basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long,
inserted in a round, narrow, and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white,
firm, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich, vinous, and aromatic
flavor.
A valuable, and highly flavored dessert apple of the first quality;
it is in use from November to April; and as Mr. Lindley says, when
ripened, and begins to shrivel, it is one of the best russets of its
season.
The tree is a free grower, healthy, and hardy, but does not attain
above the middle size. It is generally a good bearer, and succeeds well
in almost any soil, provided it be not too moist.
This apple was raised by James Wheeler, the founder of the Gloucester
nursery, now in the occupation of his grandson, Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler.
He was an intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and
published in 1763, “The Botanist’s and Gardener’s New Dictionary.” He
died about the beginning of the present century, having attained over
ninety years of age.
378. WHEELER’S EXTREME.--Forsyth.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 129.
Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, and one inch and a quarter high;
oblate, much resembling the Api in shape. Skin, pale greenish-yellow,
considerably marked with russet, particularly round the eye; and
covered with fine clear red, which is mottled with deeper red, on the
side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk, very short, inserted in a small, shallow cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, crisp, tender, sweet, and delicately perfumed.
A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality; it is in
use from November to February.
This, as well as the preceding, was raised by James Wheeler, of
Gloucester. The original tree is still existing in the nursery of
his grandson, to whom I am much indebted for several pomological
favors. The name of “Extreme,” is supposed to have been applied to
this variety, from the circumstance of producing its fruit on the
extremities of the last year’s shoots.
379. WHITE ASTRACHAN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 18. Lind. Guide, 7. Down.
Fr. Amer, 78.
SYNONYMES.--Pyrus Astracanica, _Dec. Prod._ ii. 635. Pomme
d’Astrachan, _Schab. Prat._ ii. 90. Pomme de Glace, _Duh. Arb. Fruit_,
i. 307. Transparent Apple, _Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat._ 128. Russian
Transparent, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 75. Russian Ice Apple, _Will. Dom.
Encyc._ iv. p. 179. Muscovite Transparent Apple, _West. Bot._ iv.
141. Glace de Zélande, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 366. Astracanischer
Sommerapfel, _Diel. Kernobst_, vi. 77.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 8, & pl. xxxviii.
f. 3.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same
in height; roundish-ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base,
with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend and become more prominent
and rib-like round the eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few
faint streaks of red next the sun, and covered with a delicate white
bloom. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and
short, inserted in a small and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white,
semi-transparent, with somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender,
juicy, with a pleasant and refreshing flavor.
A dessert apple but not of first-rate quality; ripe in August, and the
early part of September.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
The Transparent Apple of Rogers, and the Muscovy Apple of Mortimer,
cannot be identical with this variety, for they are described by
both as winter apples; may they not be the _Russischer Glasapfel, or
Astracanischer Winterapfel_ of Diel?
Respecting this apple, a correspondent in the Gardener’s Chronicle, for
1845, has the following remark, “When at Reval many years ago, I made
particular inquiries as to the mode of cultivation of the Transparent
Apple; I learned that the soil of the apple orchards there, is almost a
pure sand, but that it is customary to add to it so much stable manure,
that half the bulk of ground may be said to consist of manure. The
friend with whom I was staying, had some of these apples at dessert;
they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that held
to the light, the pips may be seen from every part; these apples
were juicy as a peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very
agreeable flavor and texture.”
380. WHITE PARADISE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 520.
SYNONYMES.--Lady’s Finger, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 533. Long May,
_Ibid._ 565. May, _acc. Ibid._ Egg, _Ron. Cat._ Eve, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._
4. Paradise Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 5.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high;
oblong, broader at the base than the apex. Skin, smooth, thick and
tough, of a fine rich yellow, thinly and faintly freckled with red on
the shaded side, but covered with broken streaks and dots of darker
red, interspersed with dark brown russety dots, on the side exposed to
the sun. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy
at the insertion; and inserted in an even, round, cavity. Flesh,
yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
A second-rate, but beautiful and handsome dessert apple; in perfection
the beginning of October, but towards the end of the month, becomes dry
and mealy. It is, I believe, a Scotch apple, and much grown in some
districts, particularly in Clydesdale, where it is known by the name of
_Egg Apple_, and where the fruit lasts longer, than when grown in the
warmer climate of the South.
The Lady’s Finger of Dittrich, vol. i. p. 505, is a flat apple of a
Calville shape, and must be incorrect.
381. WHITE VIRGIN.--H.
SYNONYME.--Scotch Virgin.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
high; oblate. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the shaded
size; but thin orange red, streaked with deep red, on the side next the
sun, and strewed with dark dots and a few veins of russet. Eye, large
and closed, with broad ovate segments, set in a wide, shallow, and
plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow,
and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid.
An excellent culinary apple; in use from October to February.
382. WHITE WESTLING.--H.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half broad at the
middle, and two inches and a half high; roundish, inclining to oval,
towards the eye; angular on the sides, and ribbed round the apex. Skin,
yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with redish-brown dots on the
shaded side; but deep yellow, with large dark-crimson spots, on the
side next the sun, and covered with russet over the base. Eye, small
and closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, very slender, inserted in a deep, narrow, and russety cavity.
Flesh, white, tender, sweet, and briskly flavored.
An apple of hardly second-rate quality, grown about the north-eastern
parts of Sussex; it is in use from October to Christmas.
383. WHITE WINE.--H.
Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad in the middle,
and two inches and a half high; narrowing towards the apex, conical,
slightly angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye. Skin,
greenish-yellow, strewed with russety dots on the shaded side; but
deep yellow, reticulated with fine russet, and dotted with small
russety specks on the side exposed to the sun, and with a ray of fine
lilac-purple on the base encircling the stalk. Eye, open, with long
acute segments, set in a deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, five-eights of
an inch long, downy, thick and fleshy, inserted in a round cavity,
which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and
pleasantly acid.
A culinary apple much grown in the Tweedside orchards, where it is
known by the name of the _Wine Apple_; it is in use from October to
Christmas.
384. WHITMORE PIPPIN.--Forsyth.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 861.
Lind. Guide, 84.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the base,
and the same in height, but narrowing towards the apex; conical, and
obtusely angled on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade;
but with a beautiful red cheek next the sun, and very sparingly strewed
with a few minute dots. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and shallow basin.
Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and even
cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with green, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and
slightly sweet.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from November to April.
385. WHORLE PIPPIN.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Summer Thorle, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 830. Watson’s
New Nonesuch, _acc. Ibid._ Thorle Pippin, _Leslie & Anders, Cat._
Thoral Pippin, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 3.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the middle,
and an inch and three quarters high; oblate, handsome, and regularly
formed. Skin, smooth, shining, and glossy, almost entirely covered
with fine bright crimson, which is marked with broken streaks of
darker crimson; but on any portion which is shaded, it is of a fine
clear yellow, a little streaked with pale crimson. Eye, scarcely at
all depressed, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, which
frequently appear as if rent from each other by an over-swelling of the
fruit; and set in a very shallow basin, which is often very russety,
and deeply and coarsely cracked. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long,
inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and
very juicy, with a brisk, refreshing, and pleasant flavor.
A beautiful little summer dessert apple, of first-rate quality; ripe in
August. In the south it is but little known, but in Scotland it is to
be met with in almost every garden and orchard.
In all probability the word Thorle is a corruption of Whorle, which is
no doubt the correct name of this apple. The name is supposed to be
derived from its resemblance to the _whorle_, which was the propelling
power, or rather impetus of the spindle, when the distaff and spindle
was so much in use.
386. WICKHAM’S PEARMAIN.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Wick Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 31.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and about two inches high;
pearmain-shaped, and quite flat at the base. Skin, yellow, tinged and
dotted with red on the shaded side; but bright red on the side next
the sun, and marked with patches and specks of russet round the eye.
Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, reflexed, and set
in a round, even, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, fleshy,
inserted without any depression. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp,
juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.
An excellent dessert apple; in use from October to December. It was
raised by a Mr. Wickham, of Wick, near Winchester. In the catalogue of
the London Horticultural Society, it is called “Wick Pearmain,” but as
the name I have adopted is that by which it is best known in Hampshire,
I prefer retaining it.