IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 170.
Fruit, very large, three inches and an eighth wide at the middle,
and three inches and a half high; conical, generally five-sided,
with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the apex, forming
considerable ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and
marked with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and very
angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, smooth,
and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and
sub-acid.
A fine old culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September
to February.
The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and an excellent
bearer.
388. WINTER COLMAN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 875 Rog. Fr. Cult. 58.
SYNONYMES.--Norfolk Colman, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 683. Norfolk
Storing, _Fors. Treat._ 117.
FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xcii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii.
Fruit, above medium size; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow,
mottled with red on the shaded side, but deep red on the side next
the sun. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk,
short, thick, and deeply inserted. Flesh, firm, crisp, and briskly acid.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April.
The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, so much so, that in its
young state, it is not a great bearer; but when grafted on the paradise
stock, it produces abundantly.
389. WINTER GREENING.--Aber.
IDENTIFICATION.--Aber. Gard. Dict.
SYNONYMES.--French Crab, _Fors. Treat._ 102. Easter Pippin, _Lind.
Guide_, 45. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 233. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 109.
Claremont Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Ironstone Pippin, _Ibid._
Young’s Long Keeping, _Ibid._ John Apple, _Rog. Fr. Cult._
FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit., pl. xciii. f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii.
f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a quarter high; roundish, widest at the middle, and narrowing
towards the crown, round which are a few small ridges. Skin, smooth
and shining, of a dark lively green, strewed with minute russety dots;
and with a blush of dull red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small
and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
greenish, very close in texture, brittle and juicy, with a very
poignant and pleasant acid.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, which comes into use in
November, and has been known to last under favorable circumstances, for
two years. Dry sand is a good article to preserve it in.
The tree is very hardy, a free and good grower, and an abundant bearer.
I have not adopted here, the nomenclature of the Horticultural
Society’s Catalogue, for two reasons. First, because Winter Greening
is the previous name, and, so far as I can find, the original one. It
is also very applicable, and not subject to the same objection which
Mr. Lindley has to French Crab. Second, because there is already
in the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, the “White Easter”--the
“Paasch Appel,” of Knoop--and the two names being so similar, may
tend to confusion, a result of already too frequent occurrence, and
most desirable to be avoided. The name Winter Greening is also more
descriptive.
390. WINTER LADING.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, at the middle,
and two inches and a half high; roundish, and narrowing towards the
crown, irregularly formed, sometimes with one prominent angle on one
side. Skin, bright green, marked with patches and dots of thin russet.
Eye, closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch
long, curved, inserted in a deep, round cavity. Flesh, greenish-white,
juicy, sweet, very tender, and delicate, with a pleasant acid.
An excellent sauce apple; in use from October to Christmas. It is grown
in the north-eastern parts of Sussex, about Heathfield.
391. WINTER MAJETIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 876. Lind. Guide, 58.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish-ovate, with ribs round the crown. Skin,
smooth, dark green, covered with thin dull brownish-red on the side
next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a deep basin, which is much
furrowed and plaited. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender,
inserted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with russet.
Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A first-rate culinary apple, bearing a considerable resemblance to the
London Pippin, but does not change to yellow color by keeping as that
variety does. It is in use from January to May.
This variety is, strictly speaking, a Norfolk apple, where it is much
grown for the local markets. It was first made public by Mr. George
Lindley, who introduced it to the notice of the London Horticultural
Society. In the “Guide to the Orchard,” it is stated that the Aphis
Lanigera or “Meally Bug,” so destructive to most of our old orchard
trees, seems to be set at defiance by the Majetin. “An old tree now
growing in a garden belonging to Mr. William Youngman, of Norwich,
which had been grafted about three feet high in the stem, has been for
many years attacked by this insect below the grafted part, but never
above it; the limbs and branches being to this day perfectly free,
although all the other trees in the same garden have been infested more
or less with it.”
The tree is a most abundant bearer.
392. WINTER PEARMAIN.--Ger.
IDENTIFICATION.--Ger. Herb. Aust. Treat. 54. Raii. Hist. ii. 1448.
Lang Pom. 134. t. lxxviii. f. 4. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 356. Fors. Treat.
130. Lind. Guide, 84. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 563. Rog. Fr. Cult. 76.
SYNONYMES.--Great Pearmaine, _Park. Par._ 587. Pearmain. _Evelyn
Pom._ 65. Peare-maine, _Husb. Fr. Orch._ Old Pearmain, _Pom. Heref._
t. 29. Parmain d’Hiver, _Knoop. Pom._ 64. t. xi. Pèpin Parmain
d’Hiver, _Ibid._ 131. Pepin Parmain d’Angleterre, _Ibid._ Grauwe of
Blanke Pepping Van Der Laan, _Ibid._ Peremenes _Ibid._ Zeeuwsche
Pepping, _Ibid._ Duck’s Bill, _in some parts of Sussex_. Druë Permein
d’Angleterre, _Quint. Inst._ 202.
FIGURES.--Pom. Heref. t. 29. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 2.
[Illustration]
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and about the same in
height; of a true pearmain shape, somewhat five sided towards the
crown. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a greenish-yellow, marked
with faint streaks of dull red on the shaded side, and entirely covered
with deep red on the side next the sun; but changes by keeping to fine
deep yellow, streaked with flesh color on the shaded side; but of a
beautiful, clear, deep red or crimson, on the side next the sun, and
strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, large and open, with
short segments, set in a pretty deep, and prominently plaited basin.
Stalk, very short, not exceeding a quarter of an inch long, inserted
in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk, poignant, and
very pleasant flavor.
A highly esteemed old English apple, suitable principally for culinary
purposes, but also valuable for the dessert; it is in use from December
to the end of April.
The tree attains about the middle size, is a free and healthy grower,
and an excellent bearer.
This is, I believe, the oldest existing English apple on record.
It is noticed as being cultivated in Norfolk, as early as the year
1200,--what evidence against Mr. Knight’s theory! In Blomefield’s
History of Norfolk, there is mention of a tenure in that county by
petty serjeanty, and the payment of two hundred pearmains, and four
hogsheads of cider of pearmains into the Exchequer, at the feast of St.
Michael, yearly. It is the original of all the Pearmains, a name now
applied to a great variety of apples. Much doubt has existed as to the
origin of this word, and in a communication to the Gardener’s Chronicle
for 1848, I there stated what I conceived to be its meaning. The early
forms in which it was written, will be seen from the synonymes above,
they were Pearemaine and Peare-maine. In some early historical works
of the same period, I have seen Charlemagne written _Charlemaine_, the
last portion of the word having the same termination as _Pearemaine_.
Now, Charlemagne being derived from _Carolus magnus_ there is every
probability that Pearemaine is derived from _Pyrus magnus_. The
signification therefore of Pearmain is the _Great Pear Apple_, in
allusion no doubt, to the varieties known by that name, bearing a
resemblance to the form of a pear.
393. WINTER QUOINING.
SYNONYMES.--Winter Queening, Rea. Pom. 212. _Raii. Hist._ ii. 1448.
_Fors. Treat._ 100. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 610. Winter Quinin,
_Nourse Camp. Fel._ 146. Calville d’Angleterre. Langer Rother
Himbeerapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ v. 15.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a quarter wide, and rather more
than two inches and a half high; conical, distinctly five-sided,
with five acute angles, extending the whole length of the fruit, and
terminating at the crown in five equal, and prominent crowns. Skin,
pale-green, almost entirely covered with red, which is striped and
mottled with deeper red, and marked on the shaded side with a thin coat
of russet. Eye, small, and closed, set in a narrow and angular cavity.
Stalk, about half-an-inch long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow
and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, not very
juicy, sugary, rich, and perfumed.
A good old English apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary
purposes; it is in use from November to May.
The Winter Quoining, is a very old English apple. I have here adopted
an orthography, different from that usually employed, because I
conceive it to be the most correct. The name is derived from the word
Coin or Quoin, the corner stones of a building, because of the angles
or corners on the sides of the fruit. Thus Rea in his Pomona says,
when speaking of this apple, “it succeeds incomparably on the paradise
apple, as the Colviele, (Calville) and all other sorts of Queenings
do,” regarding the Calville also as a Queening from the angularity of
its shape.
394. WOODCOCK.--Evelyn.
IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. 102. Pom. Heref. t. 10. Lind. Guide, 112.
Rog. Fr. Cult. 112.
Fruit, medium sized; of an oval shape, tapering a little towards the
crown, which is narrow. Eye, flat, with broad segments of the calyx.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thick, and fleshy, and curved
inwards towards the fruit. Skin, yellow, nearly covered with a soft
red, and much deeper color on the sunny side.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1073.--_Lindley._
This is one of the oldest cider apples, and is highly commended by the
writers of the seventeenth century; but according to Mr. Knight it has
long ceased to deserve the attention of the planter. It is said that
the name of this apple, is derived from an imagined resemblance in the
form of the fruit, and fruit-stalk, in some instances, to the head
and beak of a woodcock; but Mr. Knight thinks it probable that it was
raised by a person of that name.
395. WOOLMAN’S LONG.--Coxe.
IDENTIFICATION--Coxe View, 169. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 884.
SYNONYMES.--Ortley, _Hort. Trans._ vol. vi. p. 415. _Lind. Guide_, 78.
Van Dyne, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 1128.
Fruit, medium sized; oblong. Skin, clear deep yellow, on the shaded
side; but bright scarlet, on the side next the sun, sprinkled with
imbedded pearly specks, and russety dots. Eye, large, set in a
moderately deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a rather
deep and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, brittle, juicy, with a
rich, brisk, and perfumed flavor.
An excellent apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary
or dessert use; it is in season from December to April.
This is an American apple, and originated in the state of New Jersey,
U. S.
396. WORMSLEY PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 885. Down. Fr. Amer. 97.
Gard. Chron. 1846, 853. Rog. Fr. Cult. 80.
SYNONYME.--Knight’s Codlin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad in the middle, and three
inches high; ovate, widest at the middle, and narrowing both towards
the base and the apex, with obtuse angles on the sides, which terminate
at the crown in several prominent ridges. Skin, smooth, deep clear
yellow, with a rich golden or orange tinge, on the side next the sun,
and covered with numerous dark spots. Eye, large and open, with long
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, furrowed, and angular basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity, which is thickly
lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, brisk,
and aromatic.
A most valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it
is in season during September and October.
This admirable apple was raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and first
brought into notice in 1811. As a culinary apple it is not to be
surpassed; and even in the dessert, when well ripened, Mr. Knight
considered it closely resembled the Newtown Pippin. The tree is hardy,
healthy, a free and abundant bearer. It has been found to succeed in
every latitude of these kingdoms. Even in Rosshire, the late Sir. G.
S. McKenzie, found it to succeed well as an espalier. It ought to be
cultivated in every garden, however small.
397. WYKEN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 886. Lind. Guide, 25. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 93.
SYNONYMES.--Warwickshire Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 39. Arley,
_Ibid._ 18. Girkin Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 1.
[Illustration]
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two
inches high; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, pale
greenish-yellow in the shade; but with a dull orange blush next the
sun, and sprinkled all over with russety dots and patches of delicate
russet, particularly on the base. Eye, large and open, set in a wide,
shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a shallow
cavity. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green, tender, very juicy, sweet,
and richly flavored.
A valuable and delicious dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use
from December to April.
The tree is a healthy and good grower, and an excellent bearer.
This variety is said to have originated from seed saved from an
apple which Lord Craven had eaten while on his travels from France
to Holland, and which was planted at Wyken, about two miles from
Coventry. According to Mr. Lindley, the original tree, then very old,
was in existence in 1827, and presented the appearance of an old trunk,
with a strong sucker growing from its roots.
398. YELLOW ELLIOT.--Knight.
IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t 17. Lind. Guide, 113.
SYNONYMES.--Eleot, _Worl. Vin._ 163. Eliot, _Philips Cid._ Yellow
Eyelet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 15.?.
Fruit, of a good size, rather more flat than long, having a few obtuse
angles terminating in the crown. Eye, small, with short diverging
segment of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, pale yellow, slightly shaded
with orange on the sunny side.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1076.
The cider of this apple in a new state, is harsh and astringent, but
grows soft and mellow with age, and was much esteemed by the writers of
the seventeenth century.
399. YELLOW INGESTRIE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. 1, p. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n.
359. Lind. Guide, 26. Diel Kernobst. iii. B. 43. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 4.
Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters wide, and an inch and
five-eights high; of a handsome cylindrical shape, flattened at both
ends. Skin, smooth, of a fine clear yellow, tinged with a deeper yellow
on the side next the sun, and marked with small pinky spots. Eye,
small, and partially closed, set almost even with the surface; but
sometimes in a wide, and shallow basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to
three quarters long, set in a rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh,
yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a profusion of brisk, and
highly flavored vinous juice.
A beautiful and delightful little dessert apple, of first-rate quality,
bearing a considerable resemblance to the Golden Pippin; it is in use
during September and October.
The tree is large, spreading, and an excellent bearer.
This and the Red Ingestrie, were raised by T. A. Knight, Esq.
400. YELLOW NEWTOWN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 595.
SYNONYME.--Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, _Coxe View_. 142.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish, irregular in its outline, and prominently
angled on the sides. Skin, of an uniform deep straw-color, which is
rather deeper and richer on the side next the sun, than on the other;
and thinly covered with delicate reticulations of fine grey russet,
interspersed with several large dark spots. Eye, large and closed, with
long linear segments, set in a wide and irregular basin, from which
issue several deep russety furrows. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in
an uneven and angular cavity, which is partially lined with russet.
Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and slightly sub-acid, but with an
agreeable flavor.
A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to March, and ripens
better in this climate than the Newtown Pippin.
401. YORKSHIRE GREENING.--Fors.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 131. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 889.
Lind. Guide, 60. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60.
SYNONYMES.--Coates’s, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 165. Seek-no-farther,
_Ibid._ 1032. Yorkshire Goose Sauce, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xi. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a
half high; oblate and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, very dark
green; but where exposed to the sun, tinged with dull red, which is
striped with broken stripes of deeper red, very much speckled all over
with rather bold grey russet specks, and over the base with traces
of greyish brown russet. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, irregular,
and plaited basin. Stalk, short, stout, and fleshy, covered with
grey tomentum, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, but pleasant
acidity.
A first-rate culinary apple; in use from October to January.
ADDITIONAL VARIETIES OF APPLES.
The following is an enumeration of apples which are known to exist in
Great Britain, but of the great majority of which I have no personal
knowledge. They are either recorded in other works on pomology, or
have been communicated to me by correspondents. The most of these
have only a local reputation, and do not possess sufficient merit to
make them attractive out of their own districts. A great number are
continental varieties, which have chiefly been introduced through the
instrumentality of the London Horticultural Society, in whose garden
they are only to be found; and many of these are worthy of being more
generally known. There are also several varieties which have come under
my notice, since the preceding part of this work was published; but of
the greater part enumerated, I have had no opportunity of seeing the
fruit; the descriptions, therefore, are either from the works in which
they are recorded, or the correspondents with whom I have communicated;
my object in supplying these additional varieties, being to furnish a
complete record of all that are known to exist in Great Britain so far
as that can be ascertained.
402. ACHMORE.
A Scotch apple of medium size, and conical shape, green on the shaded
side, and red next the sun; of second-rate quality as a dessert fruit,
and in season during December and January.--_H. S. C._ n. 2.
403. ADAM’S APPLE.
A worthless variety, unless for cider; it is of medium size, oblong,
dark red, and in use during December and January.--_H. S. C._ n. 3.
404. ATKIN’S SEEDLING.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or
dessert fruit; the shape is roundish, the color greenish yellow; in use
in November. The tree is hardy, a free bearer, and nearly allied to the
Hawthornden.--_Laws. Cat._
405. ALBAN.
A cider apple, of medium size, round, green on the shaded side, and red
next the sun; in use from December to February.--_H. S. C._ n. 5.
406. ALDERSTON PIPPIN.
A small early dessert apple; it is ovate, pale yellow, of second-rate
quality, and ripe in August.--_H. S. C._ p. 4.
407. AMERICAN NONPAREIL.
A beautiful apple of medium size, its color yellow, streaked and
stained on the sunny side with bright red; its form oblong, a good
deal contracted at the summit; its stalk deeply sunken; the flesh
white, firm, juicy, and good. This apple ripens in October and
November. A very fine fruit, and externally resembles the Hubbardston
Nonsuch.--_Ken. Amer. Or._ 30.
408. AMERICAN PEACH.
Of medium size, and second-rate quality; roundish, red and yellow, and
ripe in September.--_H. S. C._ p. 4.
409. ANIS-SEED.
SYNONYME.--Rival Golden Pippin.
A small, oblate, greenish-yellow dessert apple, of second-rate quality;
in use from October to January.--_H. S. C._ p. 4.
410. ANTRIM NONPAREIL.
A small dessert apple of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish
shape; skin, striped with red; and is in use from December till March.
_H. S. C._ p. 27.
411. API PANACHÉ.
A small, roundish, yellow and green apple, of third-rate quality, in
use from October to December. More curious than useful.--_H. S. C._ n.
10.
412. ASHBY SEEDLING.
A medium sized, roundish, yellow and red dessert apple, of second-rate
quality; in use during December and January.--_H. S. C._ p. 5.
413. D’ASTMS.
SYNONYME.--Streifling d’Hiver.
A noble kitchen fruit, large, and of a globular shape, a little
flattened at the eye, which is deeply sunk and large; green, with some
dull red streaks, chiefly on the top of the fruit. It is a first-rate
sort, firm, with rich flavor, and dresses well; will keep till March or
April.--_Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 61. pl. xxxi. f. 1.
414. AUNT’S APPLE.
A large kitchen fruit, of second-rate quality; it is roundish, and
striped, and is in season from November till March.--_H. S. C._ p. 3.
415. AUTUMN GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Fruit, below medium size. Stalk, short. Eye, large and prominent. Skin,
fine blush next the sun, deep yellow in the shade. Flesh, crisp, not
very juicy, but the flavor is rich and agreeable. The tree is a strong
upright grower, forming a fine second class standard. Cultivated in
some parts of Kent.--_Rog. Fr. Cult._ 84.
416. AUTUMN REINETTE.
Fruit, of middle size, rather oval, of a mottled red next the sun, and
the shaded side yellow; pulp, crisp, and contains a fine quantity of
rich juice; in use from October to February.--_Rog. Fr. Cult._ 102.
417. BAINS’S.
Fruit, medium sized; oblate; striped; of second-rate quality, suitable
either for kitchen or dessert use, and possessing the flavor of the
Ribston Pippin, but not so rich; it is in use from November to March.
_H. S. C._ n. 20.
418. BALDERSTONE SEEDLING.
A medium sized, second-rate, kitchen apple, of conical shape, and
striped with red; it is in use during October and November.--_H. S. C._
p. 5.
419. BALMANNO PIPPIN.
A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is
roundish-ovate, green and brownish, and in use from October to
December.--_H. S. C._ n. 24.
420. BATH.
A large, roundish, yellow, kitchen apple, of second-rate quality; in
use during November and December.--_H. S. C._ n. 30.
421. BAUDRONS.
Tree an excellent bearer, fruit keeps well, and is of good quality,
with much acid, excellent for tarts; tree middle size and healthy. This
is a rare variety, and is supposed to exist only in the Gourdie Hill
orchard, Carse of Gowrie.--_M. C. H. S._ vol. iv. 472.
422. BEAT’S PIPPIN.
A dessert apple of large size, round, striped with red; in use from
November to January.--_H. S. C._ n. 33.
423. BEAUFINETTE.