brown russet; except on the shaded side, where there is a little
yellowish-green visible, and on the side next the sun, where it is
orange, with a flame of deep bright crimson, breaking through the
russet. Eye, open, with erect, rigid segments, and set in a wide,
shallow, saucer-like, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
slender, and extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, firm, very rich,
juicy, and sugary, with a fine aromatic, and perfumed flavor.
A beautiful and handsome little apple of first-rate excellence. It is
in use from November to February.
312. RUSHOCK PEARMAIN.--M.
IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit, 70
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the
same in height; conical, even and handsomely formed. Skin, of a fine
deep yellow color, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored
russet, with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and
open, with broad, flat segments, which generally fall off as the fruit
ripens. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a
pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a
brisk, sub-acid, and sugary flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from
Christmas to April. It is frequently met with in the Birmingham
markets. This variety was, according to Mr. Maund, raised by a
blacksmith of the name of Charles Taylor, at Rushock in Worcestershire,
about the year 1821, and is sometimes known by the name of _Charles’s
Pearmain_.
313. RYMER.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 329. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 358. Lind. Guide, 33.
SYNONYMES.--Caldwell, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed i. 124. Green Cossings,
_Ibid._ 411. Newbold’s Duke of York, _Ibid._ 286. Cordwall
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and
three quarters high; roundish, and flattened, with five obscure ribs,
on the sides, extending into the basin of the eye. Skin, smooth,
thinly strewed with redish-brown dots, and a few faint streaks of pale
red on the shaded side; and of a beautiful deep red, covered with
yellowish-grey dots, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad
reflexed segments, set in a round and moderately deep basin. Stalk,
short, inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough russet,
which extends in ramifications over the base. Flesh, yellowish, tender,
and pleasantly sub-acid.
A good culinary apple, in use from October to Christmas.
314. SACK AND SUGAR.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 761. Rog. Fr. Cult. 41.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch
and three quarters high; roundish, inclining to oval, with prominent
ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow. Eye, large, and open with
erect segments, and rather deeply placed in a round, wide, and angular
basin. Flesh, white, soft, tender, very juicy, sugary, and pleasantly
flavored.
A good early apple, either for culinary purposes or the dessert; ripe
in the end of July and beginning of August, and continuing during
September.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and an immense bearer, so much
so, as to be injurious to the crop of the following year.
This apple was raised nearly half a century ago, by Mr. Morris, a
market gardener, at Brentford, and is sometimes met with under the name
of _Morris’s Sack and Sugar_.
315. SAINT JULIEN.--Calvel.
IDENTIFICATION.--Cal. Traité, iii. 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 764.
Pom. Mag. iii. 165.
SYNONYMES.--Seigneur d’Orsay, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Concombre des
Chartreux. Heilige Julians apfel.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, and angular on
its sides. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of ashy
colored russet, and in dry warm seasons, sometimes tinged with red.
Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch
long, slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white,
firm, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from December to
March.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
316. SAM YOUNG.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 324. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 768. Lind. Guide, 97. Down. Fr. Amer. 134.
SYNONYME.--Irish Russet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 985.
FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 130
Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters high, and about two inches
and a half wide; roundish-oblate. Skin, light greenish-yellow, almost
entirely covered with grey russet, and strewed with minute russety dots
on the yellow part, but tinged with brownish-red on the side next the
sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green,
firm, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.
A delicious little dessert apple, of the first quality; in use from
November to February.
This variety is of Irish origin, and was first introduced to public
notice by Mr. Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny.
317. SCARLET CROFTON.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 453. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 192.
SYNONYME.--Red Crofton, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
Fruit, medium sized; oblate, slightly angular on the sides. Skin,
covered with yellowish russet, except on the side next the sun, where
it is bright red, with a mixture of russet. Eye, set in a wide and
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity.
Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.
A most delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality; in use from
October to December, and does not become meally.
The Scarlet Crofton is of Irish origin.
318. SCARLET LEADINGTON.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 404.
Fruit, above medium size; oval, angular, broadest at the base and
narrowing towards the eye, where it is distinctly four-sided. Skin,
striped with yellow, and bright red or scarlet streaks, and thickly
covered with russety specks. Eye, large and closed, with long broad
segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide
and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
streaked and veined with pink or lilac-red veins, firm, crisp, juicy,
and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An apple much esteemed in Scotland, as a first-rate variety, both for
the dessert and culinary purposes; but it does not rank so high in the
south; it is in use from November to February.
319. SCARLET NONPAREIL.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 482. Lind. Guide, 98. Fors.
Treat. 118. Down. Fr. Amer. 120. Rog. Fr. Cult. 69.
SYNONYME.--New Scarlet Nonpariel, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 87. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 1.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized; globular, narrowing towards the apex, regularly
and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; but covered
with red, which is streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun;
and covered with patches of russet and large russety specks. Eye, open,
set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length,
inserted in a small round cavity, which is lined with scales of silvery
grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary.
A very excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it is in use
from January to March.
The tree is hardy, a good grower, though slender in its habit; and an
excellent bearer.
The Scarlet Nonpareil, was first discovered growing in the garden of a
publican, at Esher, in Surrey, and was first cultivated by Grimwood, of
the Kensington nursery.
320. SCARLET PEARMAIN.--Hitt.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hitt Treat. 296. Fors. Treat. 93. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed.
3, n. 558. Lind. Guide, 33. Down. Fr. Amer. 96. Rog. Fr. Cult. 72.
SYNONYMES.--Bell’s Scarlet Pearmain, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 15. Bell’s
Scarlet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 767. Oxford Peach Apple, _Ibid._
741. Englische Scharlachrothe Parmäne. _Diel Kernobst._ x. 111.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 62. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth,
tender and shining, of a rich, deep, bright crimson, on the side next
the sun; but of a paler color, intermixed with a tinge of yellow, on
the shaded side; and the whole surface sprinkled with russety dots.
Eye, half open, with long broad segments, set in a round, even, and
rather deep basin. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, deeply
inserted in a round, even, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally
russety at the insertion of the stalk. Flesh, yellowish, with a tinge
of red under the skin; tender, juicy, sugary, and vinous.
A beautiful, and handsome dessert apple, of first-rate quality; in use
from October to January.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, attaining about the middle
size; and is an excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise
stock, on which it forms a good dwarf or espalier tree. The variety
called Hood’s Seedling, seems to me to be identical with the Scarlet
Pearmain.
321. SCARLET TIFFING.--H.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; roundish, inclining to oblate, and irregularly angular.
Skin, pale yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side, and round the
eye; but deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, extending in general
over the greater portion of the fruit. Eye, small and closed, set in an
irregular, ribbed, and warted basin. Stalk, fleshy, about half an inch
long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender,
crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid.
A valuable and excellent culinary apple, much grown in the orchard
districts about Lancaster. It is in use during November and December.
322. SCOTCH BRIDGET--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high; roundish, broadest at the base, and
narrowing towards the apex, where it is rather knobbed, caused by the
terminations of the angles on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow,
on the shaded side, and almost entirely covered with bright deep red on
the side next the sun. Eye, closed, set in an angular and warted basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, thick, and stout,
inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender,
soft, juicy, and briskly flavored.
An excellent culinary apple, much grown in the neighbourhood of
Lancaster; in use from October to January.
323. SCREVETON GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. iv. 218. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 288.
Fruit, larger than the old Golden Pippin, and little, if at all,
inferior to it in flavor. Skin, yellowish, considerably marked with
russet. Flesh, yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; raised in the garden of Sir John
Thoroton, Bart., at Screveton, in Nottinghamshire, about the year 1808.
It is in use from December to April.
324. SEEK-NO-FARTHER.--Ronalds.
IDENTIFICATION & FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. 45, pl. xxiii. f. 3.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized; conical, or pearmain-shaped. Skin,
yellowish-green, streaked with broken patches of crimson, on the shaded
side; and strewed with grey russety dots; but covered with light red,
which is marked with crimson streaks, and covered with patches of fine
delicate russet, and numerous large, square, and stelloid russety
specks like scales, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and
closed, with broad, flat, segments, the edges of which fit neatly
to each other, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about
half-an-inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep, round, and regular
cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous,
charged with a pleasant aromatic flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is in use from
November to January.
This is the true old _Seek-no-farther_.
325. SELWOOD’S REINETTE.--Rog.
IDENTIFICATION.--Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about two inches and a half high;
round and flattened, angular on the sides, and with five prominent
plaits round the eye, which is small, open, and not at all depressed,
but rather elevated on the surface. Skin, pale green, almost entirely
covered with red, which is marked with broken stripes of darker red,
those on the shaded side being paler, and not so numerous as on the
side exposed to the sun. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, very stout,
and inserted the whole of its length in a russety cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, tender, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple, of good, but not first-rate, quality. It is in use
from December to March.
The tree is a strong and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.
This is certainly a different variety from the Selwood’s Reinette of
the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, which is described as being
small, pearmain-shaped, greenish-yellow, and a dessert apple. It is
however, identical with the Selwood’s Reinette of Rogers, who, as we
are informed, in his “Fruit Cultivator,” received it upwards of sixty
years ago from Messrs. Hewitt and Co., of Brompton. The tree now in
my possession, I procured as a graft from the private garden of the
late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith; and as it has proved to be the same as
Rogers’s variety, I am induced to think that it is correct, while that
of the Horticultural Society is wrong. It was raised by a person of the
name of Selwood, of Lancaster.
326. SHAKESPERE.--M.
IDENTIFICATION & FIGURE.--Maund Fruit. pl. 71.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a half high; roundish, narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin,
dark green on the shaded side, and brownish-red on the side next the
sun, which is marked with a few broken stripes of darker red; the
whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, small, and partially open, set
in a narrow and irregular basin, which is ridged round the margin.
Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh,
greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk vinous flavor.
An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality. In use from
Christmas to April.
This variety was raised by Thomas Hunt, Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon,
from the seed of Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester, and named in honor of the
poet Shakespere.
327. SHEEP’S NOSE.--Hort.
SYNONYMES.--Bullock’s Pippin, _Coxe View_, 125. Long Tom, _Ibid._
Fruit, large, about three inches and a half long, and about three
inches wide; conical, narrowing gradually to the crown, which is
considerably higher on one side than the other; generally with ten ribs
on the sides. Skin, smooth, yellow, and strewed with a few russety
dots. Eye, small, set in a deep, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted
in a deep round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender,
very juicy, and sweet.
A very good variety for culinary purposes; but chiefly used as a cider
apple in Somersetshire, where it is much grown for that purpose.
328. SHEPHERD’S FAME.--Hort.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
half high; obtuse-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, narrowing
towards the eye, with five prominent ribs on the sides, and in every
respect, very much resembling a small specimen of Emperor Alexander.
Skin, smooth, pale straw-yellow, marked with faint broken patches
of crimson, on the shaded side; but streaked with yellow and bright
crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short, stunted
segments, placed in a deep, angular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short,
imbedded in a round, funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish, soft, and
tender, transparent, sweet, and briskly flavored, but rather dry.
An apple of very ordinary quality, in use from October to March.
329. SIBERIAN BITTER SWEET.--Knight.
IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Down. Fr. Amer.
146.
Fruit, small, and nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent
segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color,
tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. The fruit grows a
good deal in clusters, on slender wing branches.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.
This remarkable apple was raised by Mr. Knight from the seed of the
Yellow Siberian Crab, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Harvey.
I cannot do better than transcribe from the Transactions of the London
Horticultural Society, Mr. Knight’s own account of this apple. “The
fruit contains much saccharine matter, with scarcely any perceptible
acid; and it in consequence affords a cider, which is perfectly free
from the harshness which in that liquid offends the palate of many, and
the constitution of more; and I believe that there is not any county in
England in which it might not be made to afford, at a moderate price,
a very wholesome and very palatable cider. This fruit differs from
all others of its species with which I am acquainted, in being always
sweet, and without acidity, even when it is more than half grown.
“When the juice is pressed from ripe, and somewhat mellow fruit,
it contains a very large portion of saccharine matter; and if a
part of the water it contains be made to evaporate in a moderately
low temperature, it affords a large quantity of a jelly of intense
sweetness, which to my palate is extremely agreeable; and which may be
employed for purposes similiar to those to which the inspissated juice
of the grape is applied in France. The jelly of the apple prepared
in the manner above described, is, I believe, capable of being kept
unchanged during a very long period in any climate; the mucilage
being preserved by the antiseptic powers of the saccharine matter,
and that being incapable of acquiring, as sugar does, a state of
crystallization. If the juice be properly filtered, the jelly will be
perfectly transparent.”
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower; a most abundant bearer, and a
perfect dreadnought to the woolly aphis.
330. SIBERIAN HARVEY.--Knight.
IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 777.
Fruit, produced in clusters, small; nearly globular. Eye, small, with
short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright
gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. Juice
very sweet. Ripe in October.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.
A cider apple raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and, along with the Foxley,
considered by him superior to any other varieties in cultivation. It
was produced from a seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, fertilized with
the pollen of the Golden Harvey, the juice of this variety is most
intensely sweet, and is probably, very nearly what that of the Golden
Harvey would be in a southern climate, the original tree produced its
blossoms in the year 1807, when it first obtained the annual premium of
the Herefordshire Agricultural Society.
331. SIELY’S MIGNONNE.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 98.
SYNONYME.--Pride of the Ditches, _acc. Lind. Guide_.
Fruit, rather small, about one inch and three quarters deep, and the
same in diameter; almost globular, but occasionally flattened on one
side. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply in a
rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small
plaits. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, about one half within the
base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side
by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright
yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the
skin scabrous. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice,
saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavor.
A dessert apple, in use from November to February.
This neat and very valuable little apple, was introduced to notice
about the beginning of the present century, by the late Mr. Andrew
Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle
Ditches, and being a favorite with him he always called it the “Pride
of the Ditches.” The tree is a weak grower and somewhat tender. It
is therefore advisable to graft it on the doucin stock, and train it
either as a dwarf or as an espalier in a garden.--_Lindley._
332. SIR WILLIAM GIBBON’S.--Hort.
Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three
inches high; calville-shaped, being roundish-oblate, with several
prominent angles, which extend from the base to the apex, where they
terminate in five or six large unequal knobs. Skin, deep yellow, tinged
with green, and strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded side;
but deep crimson, streaked with dark red, on the side exposed to the
sun. Eye, open, with short ragged segments, set in a deep, wide, and
irregular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp,
juicy, and slightly acid, with a pleasant vinous flavor.
A very showy and excellent culinary apple, in use from November to
January.
333. SLEEPING BEAUTY.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Winter Sleeping Beauty. Sleeper.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and somewhat flattened, slightly angular
on the sides, and undulating round the eye; in some specimens there
is an inclination to an ovate, or conical shape, in which case the
apex is narrow and even. Skin, pale straw-colored, smooth and shining,
occasionally washed on one side with delicate lively red, very thinly
sprinkled with minute russety dots. Eye, large, somewhat resembling
that of Trumpington, with broad, flat, and incurved segments, which
dove-tail, as it were, to each other, and set in a shallow, uneven, and
plaited basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, slightly
fleshy, inserted in a narrow, round, and rather shallow cavity, which
is tinged with green, and lined with delicate pale brown russet. Flesh,
yellowish-white, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a fine poignant and
agreeably acid flavor.
A most excellent, and very valuable apple for all culinary purposes;
and particularly for sauce. It is in use from November till the end of
February.
The tree is a most excellent bearer, and succeeds well in almost every
situation.
This excellent apple bears such a close resemblance to Dumelow’s
Seedling, that at first sight it may be taken for that variety; from
which however, it is perfectly distinct, and may be distinguished
by the want of the characteristic russet dots on the fruit, and the
spots on the young wood of the tree. It is extensively cultivated in
Lincolnshire, for the supply of the Boston markets.
334. SMALL STALK.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high;
roundish, slightly angular on the sides, and knobbed at the apex. Skin,
dull greenish-yellow, with a tinge of orange on the side next the sun,
and thickly covered with redish brown dots. Eye, small, and closed
with long flat segments, and placed in an angular basin. Stalk, about
an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity.
Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and well flavored.
A good apple for ordinary purposes, much grown about Lancaster. It is
in use during September and October.
335. SOMERSET LASTING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 782.
FIGURE--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xvii. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; oblate, irregular on the sides, and with undulating
ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow, streaked, and dotted with a
little bright crimson, next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short
stunted segments, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
yellowish, tender, crisp, very juicy, with a poignant, and somewhat
harsh flavor.
A culinary apple, in use from October to February.
336. SOPS IN WINE.--Park.
IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 588. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447.