is in season from November to April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It
is also an excellent bearer; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf
trees.
293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35.
SYNONYME.--Kleine Graue Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ ix. 413. Der
Carpentin, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 174.
FIGURE.--Sickler Obstgärt. ix. t. 18.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high;
roundish or rather oblato-oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded
side; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next
the sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet
that the ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set
in a wide saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk,
an inch long, thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and
peculiar aromatic flavor, slightly resembling anise.
A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to April.
The tree is a free grower, with long slender shoots, and when a little
aged, is a very abundant bearer.
294. REINETTE DIEL.--Van Mons.
IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n.
647.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter high;
oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish-white,
but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color; on the side next the
sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over
with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but
small and greyish on the other. Eye, open, with short segments, set in
a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in
a deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base.
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and
spicy flavor.
A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality; it is in
use from December to March.
The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant
bearer.
This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his
friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel.
295. REINETTE FRANCHE.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop
Pom. 53, t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56.
SYNONYMES.--Reinette Blanche, _Quint. Inst._ i. 201. Reinette Blanche
dite Prime, _Merlet Abrégé_. Reinette Blanche or Franche, _Mill.
Dict._ French Reinette, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 104. Franz Renette, _Mayer
Pom. Franc._ 3, No. 46. Reinette de Normandie, _Christ Handb._ No, 92.
Weisse Reinette, _Salz. Pom._ No. 22. Französische Edelreinette, _Diel
Kernobst._ i. 120.
FIGURE.--Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. 93.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a half high; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides,
and uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown
russety spots; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow;
and sometimes tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye,
partially open, with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep,
and, prominently plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply
inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with greenish-grey russet.
Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich,
sugary, and musky flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April.
Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded
from the air.
The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer; but subject to
canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation.
This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality according
to the soil in which it is grown; but so highly esteemed in France as
to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and
Golden Pippin does in this country.
296. REINETTE GRISE.--Quint.
IDENTIFICATION.--Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop
Pom. 50. t. ix. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.
SYNONYMES.--Reinette Grise Extra, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 895.
Belle Fille, _Ibid._ 53. Prager, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 2. Grauwe
Franse Renett, _Knoop Pom._ 132. Aechte Graue Französische Reinette.
Reinette Grise Française _Diel Kernobst._ i. 168. Reinette Grise
d’Hiver, _Riv. et. Moul. Meth._ 191.
FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit. lxxxviii.
f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high;
roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base,
and generally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull
yellowish-green in the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull,
brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is so entirely covered
with brown russet that little color is visible; the shaded side is
marked with large linear patches of rough brown russet. Eye, closed,
with broad flat segments, and set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk,
very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm,
crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk and excellent flavor.
A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November
to May.
The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
This is one of the finest old French apples; but considered inferior to
the Reinette Franche.
297. REINETTE JAUNE SUCRÉE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112.
SYNONYMES.--Citron, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 159. D’Angloise, _Ibid._
13. Chance, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. Gelbe Zuckerreinette, _Diel
Kernobst._ v. 112.
Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a half
high; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin and
tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to
a fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on
the side exposed to the sun; and covered all over with numerous large
russety dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long
acuminate, green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited
basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is
lined with thin russet. Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very
juicy, with a rich sugary flavor and without much acidity.
Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate
excellence; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is
very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soil.
298. REINETTE VAN MONS.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two
inches and a quarter high; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow
on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow,
where exposed to the sun; the whole strewed with numerous russety
dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
yellow, tender, crisp, rich, and sugary.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December till April
or May.
299. REINETTE VERTE.--Merlet.
IDENTIFICATION.--Merlet Abrégé. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom.
49, t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699.
SYNONYMES.--Groene Franse Renette, _acc. Knoop Pom._ 132. Groene
Renet, _Ibid._ t. 8. Grüne Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ iii. 177.
Diel Kernobst. v. 95.
FIGURE.--Mayer Pom. Franc. t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgärt. iii. t. 10.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and
a quarter high; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and
slightly ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin,
smooth and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green
as it attains maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with
large grey russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed,
with long acuminate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin.
Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined
with russet, which extends in ramifications over the whole of the base.
Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and
highly aromatic flavor, “partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin
and Nonpareil”.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to May.
The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer; but does not
become of a large size.
300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down.
Fr. Amer. 128.
SYNONYMES.--Green Newtown Pippin, _Lind. Guide_, 50. Jersey Greening,
_Coxe View_, 129. Burlington Greening, _acc. Coxe_.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
half high; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the
sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the touch, dark green at first,
becoming pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the
stalk. Eye, small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk,
three quarters of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and
placed in a narrow and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged
with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and
aromatic flavor.
An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent
also for the dessert; it is in use from November to April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent
bearer; succeeds well in almost any situation.
This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country
by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack,
Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle states
of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection, and
for which it forms a good substitute.
301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.--Fors.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n.
704. Lind. Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93. Down. Fr. Amer. 131. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 88.
SYNONYMES.--Glory of York, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 946. Formosa
Pippin, _Ibid._ 341. Traver’s Pippin, _Ibid._ 1117. _Diel Kernobst._
vi. B. 108.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 141. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxvii. f. 5. Pom. Lond.
Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. lxxxviii. f. 6.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and irregular in its outline, caused by
several obtuse and unequal angles on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow,
changing as it ripens to dull yellow, and marked with broken streaks
of pale red on the shaded side; but dull red changing to clear faint
crimson, marked with streaks of deeper crimson, on the side next the
sun, and generally russety over the base. Eye, small and closed, set
in an irregular basin, which is generally netted with russet. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, slender, and generally inserted its whole length in
a round cavity, which is surrounded with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm,
crisp, rich and sugary, charged with a powerful aromatic flavor.
An apple so well known, as to require neither description nor encomium.
It is in greatest perfection during November and December; but with
good management will keep till March.
The tree is in general hardy, a vigorous grower, and a good bearer,
provided it is grown in a dry soil; but if otherwise it is almost
sure to canker. In all the southern and middle counties of England it
succeeds well as an open standard; but in the north, and in Scotland,
it requires the protection of a wall to bring it to perfection. Nicol
calls it “a universal apple for these kingdoms; it will thrive at John
O’Groat’s, while it deserves a place at Exeter or at Cork.”
There is no apple which has ever been introduced to this country, or
indigenous to it, which is more generally cultivated, more familiarly
known, or held in higher popular estimation, than the Ribston Pippin.
It has long been in existence in this country, but did not become
generally known till the end of the last century. It is not mentioned
in any of the editions of Miller’s Dictionary, or by any other author
of that period; neither was it grown in the Brompton Park nursery in
1770. In 1785 I find it was grown to the extent of a quarter of a row,
or about 25 plants; and as this supply seems to have sufficed for three
years’ demand, its merits must have been but little known. In 1788,
it extended to one row, or about one hundred plants, and three years
later to two rows; from 1791, it increased one row annually, till 1794,
when it reached five rows. From these facts we may pretty well learn
the rise and progress of its popularity. It is now in the same nursery
cultivated to the extent of about 25 rows, or 2500 plants annually.
The original tree was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston
Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what means it came
there, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. One account states
that about the year 1688, some apple pips were brought from Rouen and
sown at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough; the trees then produced from
them were planted in the park, and one turned out to be the variety in
question. The original tree stood till 1810, when it was blown down
by a violent gale of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a
horizontal position, and continued to produce fruit till it lingered
and died in 1835. Since then, a young shoot has been produced about
four inches below the surface of the ground, which, with proper care,
may become a tree, and thereby preserve the original of this favorite
old dessert apple. The gardener at Ribston Hall, by whom this apple was
raised, was the father of Lowe, who during the last century was the
fruit tree nurseryman at Hampton Wick.
302. ROBINSON’S PIPPIN.--Forsyth.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 124. Lind. Guide, 56. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 711. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.
FIGURES.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 42. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 3.
Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xci. f. 1.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, where it is quite
flat, and covered with thin russet. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded
side; but brownish-red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over
with minute russety dots. Eye, prominent, not at all depressed, and
closed with broad flat segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and
inserted in a slight depression. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, sweet,
and very juicy; with a fine, brisk, poignant, and slightly perfumed
flavor, much resembling that of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil.
A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from
December to February. The fruit is produced in clusters of sometimes
eight and ten, at the ends of the branches.
The tree is of small size and slender growth, and not a free bearer.
It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training when grafted on the
doucin or paradise stock, in which case it also bears better than on
the crab stock.
According to Mr. Lindley this variety was grown for many years in the
old kitchen garden at Kew; and Rogers thinks it first originated in the
Turnham Green nursery, which was during a portion of the last century,
occupied by a person of the name of Robinson.
303. ROSE DE CHINA.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 718.
Fruit, medium sized, or rather below medium size; roundish and
flattened, almost oblate, regularly formed, and without angles. Skin,
smooth and delicate, pale greenish-yellow, with a few broken streaks of
pale red, intermixed with crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, and
strewed with minute dark colored dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a
shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender,
inserted in a round, deep, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sweet
and pleasant flavor.
A very good, but not first-rate, dessert apple; it is in use from
November to February. This does not appear to be the “Rose Apple of
China” of Coxe, which he imported from England, and which he says is a
large oblong fruit with a short thick stalk.
304. ROSEMARY RUSSET.--Ronalds.
IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. 31, pl. xvi. f. 1.
[Illustration]
Fruit, below medium size; ovate, broadest at the base and narrowing
obtusely towards the apex, a good deal of the shape of a Scarlet
Nonpareil. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but
flushed with faint red on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with
thin pale brown russet, particularly round the eye and the stalk. Eye,
small and open, with erect segments, set in a narrow, round, and even
basin. Stalk, very long, inserted in a round and wide cavity. Flesh,
yellowish, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk, and sugary, and charged
with a peculiarly rich and highly aromatic flavor.
A most delicious and valuable dessert apple of the very first quality;
it is in use from December till February.
305. ROSS NONPAREIL.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 480. Lind. Guide, 96. Down. Fr. Amer. 95.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 90. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 7.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and two inches and a half broad;
roundish, even, and regularly formed, narrowing a little towards the
eye. Skin, entirely covered with thin russet, and faintly tinged with
red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow
and even basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted half its length
in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk
and sugary, charged with a rich and aromatic flavor, which partakes
very much of that of the varieties known by the name of Fenouillet, or
Fennel-flavored apples.
This is one of the best dessert apples; it is in use from November to
February.
The tree is an excellent bearer, hardy, and a free grower, and succeeds
well on almost any description of soil.
This variety is of Irish origin.
306. ROUND WINTER NONESUCH.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 491.
Fruit, large, over three inches wide, and two and a half high; roundish
and very considerably flattened, or somewhat oblate; uneven in its
outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal, though not prominent
ribs on the sides. Skin, thick and membranous, smooth, pale yellow
slightly tinged with green on the shaded side; but on the side exposed
to the sun, it is marked with broken stripes and spots of beautiful
deep crimson, thinly sprinkled all over with a few russety dots. Eye,
large and closed, so prominently set and raised above the surface as to
appear puffed up, and set on bosses. Stalk, very short, inserted in a
round funnel-shaped cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh,
greenish-white, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to
March.
The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit being large and
beautiful, this variety is worthy the notice of the market gardener and
orchardist.
307. ROYAL PEARMAIN.--Rea.
IDENTIFICATION.--Rea Pom. 210. Lind. Guide, 81. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 357.
Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. Meag. Eng. Gard.
SYNONYMES--Herefordshire Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, 544.
_Switz. Fr. Gard._ 137. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 112. Hertfordshire Pearmain,
_Mill. Dict._ Pearmain Royal, _Knoop Pom._ 71, tab. xii. Pearmain
Royal De Longue Durée, _Ibid._ 131. Engelsche Konings of Kings
Pepping, _Ibid._ Merveille Pearmain, _Ibid._ Pearmain Double, _Ibid._
Englische Königsparmäne, _Diel Kernobst._ xii. 132.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height;
pearmain-shaped and slightly angular, having generally a prominent
rib on one side of it. Skin, smooth, dark dull green at first on the
shaded side, but changing during winter to clear greenish-yellow, and
marked with traces of russet; on the side next the sun it is covered
with brownish-red and streaks of deeper red, all of which change during
winter to clear crimson strewed with many russety specks. Eye, small
and open, with broad segments which are reflexed at the tips, and set
in a wide, pretty deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch
to three quarters long, inserted in a deep cavity which is lined with
russet. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, crisp, juicy,
sugary and perfumed, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A fine old English apple, suitable chiefly for culinary purposes, and
useful also in the dessert. It comes into use in November and December,
and continues till March.
The tree attains the middle size, is a free and vigorous grower, very
hardy, and an excellent bearer.
In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue this is called the old
Pearmain, but this name is applicable to the Winter Pearmain. Rea
is the first who notices the Royal Pearmain, and he says “it is a
much bigger and better tasted apple than the common kind.” The Royal
Pearmain of some nurseries is a very different variety from this, and
will be found described under _Summer Pearmain_.
308. ROYAL REINETTE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 692. Lind. Guide, 82.
Fruit, large; conical. Skin, yellow, smooth and glossy, strewed all
over with russety spots; stained and striped with brilliant red on the
side next the sun. Eye, large and open, set in an even and shallow
basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity.
Flesh, pale yellow, firm and tender, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and
pleasant flavor.
A very good apple for culinary purposes, and second-rate for the
dessert; it is in use from December to April.
The tree is an abundant bearer, and is extensively grown in the western
parts of Sussex, where it is esteemed a first-rate fruit.
309. ROYAL RUSSET.--Miller.
IDENTIFICATION.--Mill. Dict. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 749. Fors.
Treat. 125. Rog. Fr. Cult. 108. Lind. Guide, 96.
SYNONYME.--Passe Pomme de Canada, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Reinette de
Canada Grise, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 870. Reinette de Canada Platte,
_Ibid._ 871. Leather Coat, _Laws. Orch._ 65. _Raii. Hist._ 1448.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, covered
with rough brown russet, which has a brownish tinge on the side next
the sun; some portions only of the ground color are visible, which is
yellowish-green. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and rather
shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep
cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, brisk, juicy and sugary.
A most excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality; it is in use
from November to May, but is very apt to shrink and become dry, unless,
as Mr. Thompson recommends, it is kept in dry sand.
The tree is of a very vigorous habit, and attains the largest size. It
is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.
This has always been a favorite old English variety, being mentioned by
Lawson so early as 1597, and much esteemed by almost every subsequent
writer.
310. ROYAL SHEPHERD.--H.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and three quarters
high; roundish, inclining to ovate, slightly ribbed, and narrowing
towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade; but covered with
dull red next the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots.
Eye, partially closed, set in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk
short, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with
ramifications of russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and
pleasantly flavored.
A very good culinary apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster.
It is in use during November and December and will keep till March or
April.
311. RUSSET TABLE PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 557. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 41.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxi. f. 1.
[Illustration]