The tree is rather a weak grower, but an abundant bearer.
This apple, according to Forsyth, was first introduced to this country
from Canada, by Alexander Barclay, Esq., of Brompton, near London.
273, 274. POMEROY.
There are two very distinct varieties of apples, which, in different
parts of the country, are known by the same name of Pomeroy. The one is
that which is cultivated in Somersetshire and the West of England, and
the other is peculiar to Lancashire and the Northern counties.
The POMEROY _of Somerset_, is medium sized, two inches and three
quarters wide, and the same in height; conical. Skin, greenish-yellow,
covered with thin grey russet, on the shaded side; but orange, covered
with stripes of deep red, and marked with patches and spots of russet
on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with numerous
large, dark russety dots. Eye, open, set in a round and even basin.
Stalk, short, not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round, even,
and russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and
highly flavored.
An excellent dessert apple; in use from October till December.
The POMEROY _of Lancashire_, is medium sized, two inches and three
quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, slightly
ribbed at the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded side, but
clear pale red next the sun, which blends with the yellow towards the
shaded side, so as to form orange; the whole covered with russety dots.
Eye, small and closed, placed in a small and shallow basin. Stalk,
short, imbedded in an angular cavity with a swelling on one side of it,
and from which issue a few ramifications of russet. Flesh, whitish,
tender, crisp, juicy, and with a brisk flavor, a good deal like that of
the Manks Codlin.
An excellent culinary apple; in use during September and October.
The tree is healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer, well adapted for
orchard planting, and succeeds well in almost all situations.
There are several other varieties which are cultivated under this
appellation, to which local specific names are attached; but as I
have not seen any of these, they will be found among the “additional
varieties” at the end of that portion of this work which treats on the
apple.
275. POMEWATER.--Gerard.
IDENTIFICATION.--Ger. Herb. Park. Par. 587. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a half high; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex,
distinctly five-sided, and terminating at the crown in five prominent
ridges. Skin smooth, yellowish-green, tinged with thin brownish-red
in the shade; but covered with dark dull red on the side next the
sun. Eye, closed, placed in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk,
stout, an inch long, inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple; in use from December to January.
I think there is little doubt that this is the Pome Water of Gerard. It
is still grown in Lancashire, and on the borders of Cheshire, of which
county Gerard was a native, and with the fruits of which, he was, in
all probability, best acquainted.
276. PONTO PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 594.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height; conical, narrow at the eye. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the
shade; but red on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with
spots and dots of dark russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow
and irregular basin. Stalk, short, set in a wide and shallow cavity.
Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, with a brisk and
rich flavor.
A dessert apple, of good, though not of first-rate quality; it is in
use from November to February.
277. POPE’S APPLE.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, large; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, clear
yellow, tinged with greenish patches, and strewed with dark dots;
on the side next the sun it is marked with a few faint streaks of
crimson. Eye, large and open, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, and
set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a
round cavity, which is lined with rough russet, and with an incipient
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, sugary
and juicy, with a rich and excellent flavor.
A very valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it
is in use from November to March.
This variety has all the properties of the Blenheim Pippin, and is much
superior to it, keeps longer, and has the great advantage of being an
early and abundant bearer.
This excellent apple is as yet but little known. I met with it in the
neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, in Kent, where it is greatly esteemed
and now extensively cultivated for the supply of the London markets.
The account I received of it was, that the original tree grew in the
garden of a cottager of the name of Pope, at Cellar Hill, in the parish
of Linstead, near Sittingbourne. It was highly prized by its owner, to
whom the crop afforded a little income, and many were the unsuccessful
applications of his neighbours for grafts of what became generally
known as _Pope’s Apple_. The proprietor of this cottage built a row
of other dwellings adjoining it, in the gardens of which there were
no fruit trees; for the sake of uniformity, and in spite of Pope’s
importunities and the offer of twenty shillings annual increase in the
rental, the tree was condemned, and cut down in 1846, at which period
it was between 50 and 60 years old. A few days after it was destroyed,
Mr. Fairbeard, a nurseryman at Green Street, procured a number of the
grafts which he was successful in propagating, and it is to him I am
indebted for this variety.
278. POWELL’S RUSSET.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 748. Lind. Guide, 95. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 74,
FIGURE--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xiii. f. 9.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high;
roundish, and regularly formed, broad and flattened at the base, and
narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, almost entirely covered
with pale brown russet; but where any portion of the ground color is
visible, it is greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and tinged with
brown where exposed to the sun. Eye, open, placed in a round, even, and
shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather
wide, and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, very juicy and sugary,
with a rich and highly aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the very first quality; it is in use from November
to February.
279. PROLIFEROUS REINETTE.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same
in height; oval, with ten obscure ribs, extending from the base to the
apex, where they form five small crowns. Skin, of a dull yellow ground
color, marked with small broken stripes or streaks of crimson, and
thickly covered with small russety specks. Eye, closed, placed in a
shallow, plaited, and knobbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three
quarters long, deeply inserted the whole of its length in a round and
smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, very juicy and sugary, with a
rich and brisk flavor.
A very fine, briskly flavored dessert apple; in use from October to
December.
I received this variety from the garden at Hammersmith, formerly in the
possession of the late Mr. James Lee.
280. QUEEN OF SAUCE.--H.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and a
half high; obtuse-ovate, broad and flat at the base, narrowing towards
the crown, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow on the
shaded side; but on the side exposed to the sun it is flushed with red,
which is marked with broken streaks of deeper red; it is strewed all
over with patches of thin delicate russet, and large russety specks,
those round the eye being linear. Eye, open, set in a deep and angular
basin, which is russety at the base. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch
long, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with coarse
russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy and sugary, with a brisk
and pleasant flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unworthy of the
dessert; it is in use from November to January.
281. RABINE.--Hort.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a quarter high; roundish, and much flattened, ribbed on the
sides, and undulated round the margin of the basin of the eye. Skin,
greenish-yellow, marked with a few faint, broken streaks and freckles
of red, and strewed with grey russety dots on the shaded side; but
dark dull red, marked and mottled with stripes of deeper red, on the
side next the sun. Eye, partially open, with broad flat segments,
and placed in an angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and
uneven cavity, from which issue a few linear markings of russet. Flesh,
yellowish, tender, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and
pleasant flavor.
An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or for the
dessert, but more properly for the former; it is in use from October to
Christmas.
282. RAMBO.--Coxe.
IDENTIFICATION.--Coxe View. 116. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr.
Amer. 93.
SYNONYME--Romanite, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. American
Seek-no-farther, _Ibid._ Bread and Cheese Apple, _acc. Down. Fr. Amer._
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; roundish oblate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded
side; but yellow, streaked with red, on the side next the sun, and
strewed with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, rather
shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, and slender, inserted
more than half its length in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, tender and delicate, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An American apple, suitable either for the dessert or for culinary
purposes; and esteemed in its native country as a variety of first-rate
excellence; but with us of inferior quality, even as a kitchen apple;
it is in use from December to January.
283. RAMBOUR FRANC.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 307, pl. x. Mill. Dict. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 615. Down. Fr. Amer. 94.
SYNONYMES.--Frank Rambour, _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 135. _Lind. Guide_, 15.
Rambour Gros, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 844. Rambour Blanc, _Merlet.
Abrégé_. Rambour, _Quint. Inst._ i. 202. _Dahur. Traité_. 115. Le
Rambour, _Bret. Ecole_, ii. 470. Rambourg, _Riv. et Moul. Meth._ 190.
Rambourge, _Gibs. Fr. Gard._ 353. Pome de Rambures, _Rea Pom._ 210.
Rambour d’été, _Poit. et Turp._ Rambour d’été or Summer Rambour, _Coxe
View_. Cambour, _Bauh. Hist._ i. 21. Charmant Blanc, _Zink Pom._ No.
10. t. 2. Pomme de Nôtre Dame, _acc. Dahuron_. Früher Rambourger,
_Mayer Pom. Franc._ No. 18, t. 13. Weisse Sommerrambour, _Sickler
Obstgärt._ ix. 25. Lothinger, _Saltz. Pom._ No. 5. Lothinger Rambour,
_Diel Kernobst._ i. 93.
FIGURES.--Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 94. Sickler Obstgärt. ix. t. 3.
Fruit, very large, four inches broad, and three inches high; roundish
and flattened, with five ribs on the sides which extend to the eye,
forming prominent ridges round the apex. Skin, yellow, marked with thin
pale russet on the shaded side; but streaked and mottled with red on
the side next the sun. Eye, closed, and deeply set in an angular basin.
Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a round, even, and regular cavity,
which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, and of a leathery
texture, brisk and sugary, with a high flavor.
A good culinary apple; in use during September and October.
This is an old French apple which must have been long cultivated
in this country; as it is mentioned by Rea so early as 1665. It is
supposed to take its name from the village of Rembures, in Picardy,
where it is said to have been first discovered.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.
284. RAVELSTON PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 622. Lind. Guide, 9.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a half high; roundish, irregular in its shape, caused by several
obtuse ribs which extend into the basin of the eye, round which they
form prominent ridges. Skin, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with red
streaks, and strewed with russety dots. Eye, closed, and set in an
angular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a round cavity.
Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple, of such merit in Scotland as to be generally grown
against a wall; but in the south, where it has to compete with the
productions of a warmer climate, it is found to be only of second-rate
quality. Ripe in August.
285. RED ASTRACHAN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 17. Lind. Guide, 6. Down. Fr. Amer. 75. Rog. Fr. Cult. 33.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 123. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. v. f. 2.
Fruit, above the medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and
three inches high; roundish, and obscurely angular on its sides. Skin,
greenish-yellow where shaded, and almost entirely covered with deep
crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole surface covered
with a fine delicate bloom. Eye, closed, set in a moderately deep and
somewhat irregular basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a russety
cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, sugary, briskly and pleasantly
flavored.
An early dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality. It is ripe in
August, and requires to be eaten when gathered from the tree, as it
soon becomes meally.
This variety was imported from Sweden, by William Atkinson, Esq., of
Grove End, Paddington, in 1816.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is healthy and vigorous, and
an abundant bearer.
286. RED INGESTRIE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. i. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n.
358. Lind. Guide, 23. Down. Fr. Amer, 95. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 17. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 6.
Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter
high; ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, clear bright
yellow, tinged and mottled with red on the side exposed to the sun,
and strewed with numerous pearly specks. Eye, small, set in a wide and
even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a small and shallow
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, juicy, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use during October and
November.
This excellent little apple was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq.,
from the seed of the Orange Pippin impregnated with the Golden Pippin,
about the year 1800. It, and the Yellow Ingestrie, were the produce of
two pips taken from the same cell of the core. The original trees are
still in existence at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire.
287. RED-MUST.--Evelyn.
IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 162. Pom. Heref. Lind. Guide,
109.
FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 4.
Fruit, nearly, if not quite, the largest cider apple cultivated in
Herefordshire. It is rather broad and flattened, a little irregular at
its base, which is hollow. Stalk, slender. Crown, sunk. Eye, deep, with
a stout erect calyx. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, with
a deep rosy color where exposed to the sun, and shaded with a darker
red.--_Lindley._
The Red Must has at all periods been esteemed a good cider apple,
though the ciders lately made with it, unmixed with other apples, have
been light, and thin; and I have never found the specific gravity of
its expressed juice to exceed 1064.--_Knight._
288. RED-STREAK.--Evelyn.
IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 164. Nourse Camp. Fel. 143.
Fors. Treat. 123. Lind. Guide, 110. Pom. Heref. t. 1. Down. Fr. Amer.
146.
SYNONYMES.--Herefordshire Red-Streak, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 625.
Scudamore’s Crab.
FIGURES.--Pom. Heref. t. 1. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xciii. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a quarter high; roundish, narrowing towards the apex. Skin, deep
clear yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side; but red, streaked
with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, small, with convergent
segments, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and slender. Flesh,
yellow, firm, crisp, and rather dry.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1079.
A cider apple, which at one period was unsurpassed, but now
comparatively but little cultivated.
Perhaps there is no apple which at any period created such a sensation,
and of which so much was said and written during the 17th century, as
of the Red Streak. Prose and verse were both enlisted in its favor.
It was chiefly by the writings of Evelyn it attained its greatest
celebrity. Philips, in his poem--_Cyder_, says
“Let every tree in every garden own
The Red Streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit,
With gold irradiate, and vermilion, shines
Tempting, not fatal, as the birth of that
Primæval, interdicted plant, that won
Fond Eve, in hapless hour to taste, and die.
This, of more bounteous influence, inspires
Poetic raptures, and the lowly muse
Kindles to loftier strains; even I, perceive
Her sacred virtue. See! the numbers flow
Easy, whilst, cheer’d with her nectareous juice,
Her’s, and my country’s praises, I exalt.”
but its reputation began to decline about the beginning of the last
century, for we find Nourse saying, “As for the liquor which it yields,
it is highly esteemed for its noble colour and smell; ’tis likewise fat
and oily in the taste, but withal very windy, luscious and fulsome, and
will sooner clog the stomach than any other cider whatsoever, leaving a
waterish, raw humour upon it; so that with meals it is no way helpful,
and they who drink it, if I may judge of them by my own palate, will
find their stomachs pall’d sooner by it, than warm’d and enliven’d.”
The Red Streak seems to have originated about the beginning of the 17th
century, for Evelyn says “it was within the memory of some now living,
surnamed the Scudamore’s Crab, and then not much known save in the
neighbourhood.” It was called Scudamore’s Crab, from being extensively
planted by the first Lord Scudamore, who was son of Sir James
Scudamore, from whom Spencer is said to have taken the character of
Sir Scudamore in his “Fairie Queen.” He was born in 1600, and created
by Charles I. Baron Dromore and Viscount Scudamore. He was attending
the Duke of Buckingham when he was stabbed at Portsmouth, and was so
affected at the event that he retired into private life, and devoted
his attention to planting orchards, of which the Red-Streak formed the
principal variety. In 1634 he was sent as ambassador to France, in
which capacity he continued for four years. He was a zealous royalist
during the civil wars, and was taken prisoner by the parliament party,
while his property was destroyed, and his estate sequestered. He died
in 1671.
289. RED STREAKED RAWLING.--H.
SYNONYME AND FIGURE.--Rawling’s Fine Redstreak. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. x.
f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches wide by two and a quarter deep; roundish,
and slightly angular. Skin, yellow, streaked with red on the shaded
side; but entirely covered with clear dark red, and striped with still
darker red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set
in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a
wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
tender, sweet, juicy and well flavored, abounding in a sweet and
pleasant juice.
A culinary apple, well adapted for sauce; it is in use from October to
Christmas.
This is an old Devonshire apple, and no doubt the _Sweet Rawling_
referred to in a communication to one of Bradley’s “Monthly Treatises,”
from which the following is an extract. “We have an apple in this
country called a Rawling, of which there is a sweet and a sour; the
sour when ripe (which is very early) is a very fair large fruit, and
of a pleasant taste, inclined to a golden color, full of narrow red
streaks; the Sweet Rawling, has the same colours but not quite so
large, and if boiled grows hard; whereas the sour becomes soft. Now
what I have to inform you of is, _viz._: I have a tree which bears both
sorts in one apple; one side of the apple is altogether sweet, the
other side sour; one side bigger than the other; and when boiled the
one side is soft, the other hard, as all sweet and sour apples are.”
290. REINETTE DE BREDA.--Diel.
IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. i. 110. Sickler Obstgärt. ix. 212.
FIGURE.--Sickler Obstgärt. ix. t. 9.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and
a quarter high; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow,
but changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with
numerous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine
crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and
plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity.
Flesh, yellowish-white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a
rich vinous and aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March.
This is the Reinette d’Aizerna of the Horticultural Society’s
Catalogue, and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the
Reinette d’Aizema of Knoop.
291. REINETTE BLANCHE D’ESPAGNE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B.
80. Mayer Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130.
SYNONYMES.--Reinette d’Espagne, _Bret. Ecole_, ii. 477. Reinette
Tendre. Blanc d’Espagne, _Bon. Jard._ 1843, 514. D’Espagne, _acc.
Hort. Soc. Cat._ De Rateau, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Concombre Ancien, _Ibid._
Fall Pippin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 95. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, _acc. Hort.
Soc. Cat._ Large Fall Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 315 Camuesar,
_in Spain_. White Spanish Reinette, _Pom. Mag._ _Lind Guide_, 83.
FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 110.
Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and
three quarters high; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at
the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth
and unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange
tinged with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots.
Eye, large and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, tender, juicy and sugary.
An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but
particularly so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December
to April.
The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires
a dry, warm, and loamy soil.
292. REINETTE DE CANADA.--Bret.
IDENTIFICATION.--Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868.
Bon. Jard.
SYNONYMES.--Reinette du Canada, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 51. _Hort. Soc.
Cat._ ed. 3, n. 640. Grosse Reinette d’Angleterre, _Duh. Arb. Fruit_,
i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette de Canada Blanche, _Hort. Soc. Cat._
ed. 1, 868. Reinette de Canada à Côtes, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 869.
Reinette de Caen, _Ibid._ 867. De Canada, _Ibid._ 139. De Bretagne,
_Ibid._ 104. Portugal, _Ibid._ 803. Janurea, _Ibid._ 489. Reinette
Grosse de Canada, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ St. Helena Russet, _Ibid._
Wahre Reinette, _Ibid._ Grosse Englische Reinette, _Diel Kernobst._
i. 106. Canadian Reinette, _Lind. Guide_, 40. _Pom. Mag._ Canada
Reinette, _Down. Fr. Amer._ 129. Grosse d’Angleterre, Mala Janurea,
_of the Ionian Islands_.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pl. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal.
pl. xi. f. 1. Poit. et Turp. pl. 32.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep;
oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and
diminishing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin,
greenish-yellow, with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun,
covered with numerous brown russety dots, and reticulations of russet.
Eye, large, partially closed, with short segments, and set in a rather
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted
in a deep, wide, and generally smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white,
firm, juicy, brisk, and highly flavored.