SYNONYMES.--Hollingbury, _Fors. Treat._ 107. Hawberry Pippin, _acc.
Hort. Soc Cat._ ed. 3. Horsley Pippin, _Ibid._ Beau Rouge, _Ibid._
Bonne Rouge, _Ibid._ Howbury Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 467.
Kirke’s Scarlet Admirable, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 38. Kirke’s Schöner
Rambour, _Diel. Kernobst._ v. B. 52.
FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl xl. f.
2.
Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three
inches high; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent
angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow,
tinged with green on the shaded side; but bright deep scarlet where
exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye,
closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep basin.
Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity,
which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge
of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of
first-rate quality; it is in use from October to Christmas.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant
bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock.
175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.--Langley.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxix. f. 1. Mill. Dict. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86.
SYNONYMES.--Summer Pippin, _acc. Down._ Pie Pippin, _Ibid._
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high;
roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow,
with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and
strewed with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round,
narrow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and
deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and
briskly acid.
A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes; it is in
use from November to March.
The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer.
This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or
Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which
Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called
Broad-eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland
district of Lincolnshire, hence its name.
176. HOLLOW CORE.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high;
conical, irregular in its outline, ribbed, and distinctly four-sided;
at about four-fifths of its length towards the crown it is very much
contracted and swells out again towards the eye, altogether very much
resembling a codlin in shape. Skin, smooth and shining, pale grass
green on the shaded side, and covered with a cloud of pale red next
the sun, thinly strewed with dots, which are red on the exposed, and
dark green on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow,
contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with several small
knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow,
close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white, very tender
and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core, very
large, with open cells.
An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume; ripe in September.
This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about
Newbury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the
supply of Covent Garden Market.
177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72.
SYNONYME.--Hollow-eyed Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 107.
Fruit, medium sized; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as the
base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming
yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to
the sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short,
thick, and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm,
juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.
An excellent culinary apple; in use from November to February.
178. HOOD’S SEEDLING.--Ronalds.
IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 5.
This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The
fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. The only
difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and
vigorous than that variety; but the distinction is altogether so
slight, that if not really identical, they are so similar as not to
require separate descriptions.
179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 545.
SYNONYMES.--Arundel Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 744. Hormead
Pippin _Ibid._ 462.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height; of the true pearmain-shape, regular and handsome. Skin, of an
uniform clear yellow, strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, large and
closed, with long segments, and set in a shallow and uneven basin.
Stalk, very short and stout, deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender,
very juicy, and pleasantly acid.
An excellent apple, of first-rate quality for culinary use, and
suitable also for the dessert; it is in season from October to March.
180. HORSHAM RUSSET.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 89.
Fruit, about the size of the Nonpareil, but not so regular in its
outline, generally about two inches and a quarter in diameter, and
two inches deep. Eye, small and closed, in a small depression without
angles. Stalk, short, rather thick, rather deeply inserted in a wide,
uneven cavity. Skin, pale green, covered with a thin, yellowish-grey
russet round its upper part, with a pale salmon-colored tinge on the
sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp. Juice, plentiful, of a
high aromatic Nonpareil flavor.
A dessert apple; in season from November till March.
Raised from the seed of a Nonpareil about thirty years ago (1821), by
Mrs. Goose, of Horsham St. Faith’s, near Norwich. It is a very hardy
tree, and a good bearer.
180. HOSKREIGER.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 343.
SYNONYME.--Heidelocher, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit. pl. 51.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and
three quarters high; roundish and considerably flattened, almost
oblate. Skin, of a fine grass-green, which changes as it ripens to
yellowish-green, and marked with broad streaks of pale red, on the side
next the sun, which is strewed with rather large russety freckles. Eye,
small and open, with erect, acute segments, and placed in a rather
deep, narrow, and undulating basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round,
funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with pale brown russet. Flesh,
white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A first-rate culinary apple; in use from November till March.
The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.
181. HUBBARD’S PEARMAIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 546.
SYNONYMES.--Hubbard’s, _Fors. Treat._ 108. Russet Pearmain, _acc.
Fors. Treat._ Golden Vining, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Hammon’s Pearmain, _acc.
Riv. Cat._
FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 27.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, covered with pale
brown russet, and where any portion of the ground color is exposed,
it is yellowish-green on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the
sun; but sometimes it is almost free from russet, particularly in hot
seasons, being then of an uniform yellowish-green, mottled with orange
or pale red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments,
and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, about half-an-inch long,
inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, not juicy,
but very rich, sugary, and highly aromatic.
This is one of the richest flavored dessert apples; it is in use from
November to April.
The tree is a small grower, but healthy, hardy, and an abundant bearer.
Hubbard’s Pearmain was first introduced to public notice by Mr. George
Lindley, at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1820.
“This,” says Mr. Lindley, “is a real Norfolk apple, well known in the
Norwich market; and although it may be found elsewhere, its great
excellence may have caused its removal hence. The merits of Hubbard’s
Pearmain as a table apple are unrivalled, and its superior, from the
commencement of its season to the end, does not, I am of opinion, exist
in this country.”
182. HUGHES’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hooker.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 26. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n.
284. Lind. Guide, 18. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.
SYNONYME.--Hughes’s New Golden Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 108. _Diel
Kernobst._ x. 97.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 132. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 4.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
high; round, and flattened at both extremities. Skin, rich yellow,
covered with large, green, and russety dots, which are thickest round
the eye. Eye, open, with short, flat, acuminate segments, which are
generally reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, shallow, and plaited
basin. Stalk, very short, and not at all depressed, being sometimes
like a small knob on the flattened base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm,
rich, brisk, juicy, sugary, and aromatic.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.
The tree is hardy, and healthy, though not a strong grower, the shoots
being long and slender. It is also an excellent bearer.
183. HUNT’S DEUX ANS.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 201.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches
and a half high; somewhat conical, irregularly formed, and angular.
Skin, greenish, and covered with grey russet on the shaded side; but
redish-brown covered with grey russet, and large russety dots, on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and open, with long, spreading,
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, angular, and irregular basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, oblique cavity, and not
extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green,
firm and leathery, juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly aromatic
flavor, very similar to, and little inferior to the Ribston Pippin.
A dessert apple of the first quality, whether as regards its long
duration, or the peculiar richness of its flavor: it is in use from
December to March; but according to Mr. Thompson--no mean authority--it
will keep for two years. It may, however, be a question whether or
not this is identical with the Hunt’s Deux Ans of the Horticultural
Society, which Mr. Thompson regards as only a second-rate fruit. If it
is the same, the climate of Somersetshire, whence I had both trees and
specimens of the fruit, is more adapted for bringing it to perfection
than that of Chiswick.
184. HUNT’S DUKE OF GLOUCESTER--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 525. Lind. Guide, 90. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 222.
Fruit, below medium size; roundish ovate. Skin, almost entirely covered
with thin russet, except a spot on the shaded side, where it is green;
and where exposed to the sun it is of a redish-brown. Flesh, white
tinged with green, crisp, juicy, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.
This variety was raised from a seed of the old Nonpareil, to which it
bears a strong resemblance, by Dr. Fry of Gloucester, and received the
name it now bears, from being sent to the Horticultural Society of
London, by Thomas Hunt Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, in 1820. Mr. Lindley
gives Hunt’s Nonpariel as a synonyme of Duke of Gloucester; but it is a
very distinct variety; it was, however, a seedling raised by Mr. Hunt
from the Duke of Gloucester, and is a very first-rate variety.
185. HUNTHOUSE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 347. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, by two
inches and a half high; conical, ribbed on the sides, and terminated at
the apex, with rather prominent knobs. Skin, at first grass-green, but
changing as it ripens to greenish-yellow; where exposed to the sun it
is tinged with red, and marked with small crimson dots and a few short
broken streaks of the same color; but where shaded it is veined with
thin brown russet, particularly about the eye, and very thinly strewed
with russety dots. Eye, large, half open, with broad flat segments, set
in a narrow, and deeply furrowed basin. Stalk, an inch long, straight,
inserted in a very shallow cavity, sometimes between two fleshy lips,
but generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh,
greenish-white, firm, tender, and with a brisk, but rather coarse and
rough acid flavor.
A useful culinary apple; in use from December to March.
Its chief recommendation is, the immense productiveness of the tree,
which is rather small, with pendulous shoots, and extremely hardy; it
succeeds in exposed situations where many other varieties could not
grow. Rogers says, “it is a tree of the third class in the orchard,
and will answer well in exposed situations, trained as dwarfs or
half-standards, it being equal in hardihood, and very fit to be planted
along with the Grey Leadington.”
This variety was discovered at Whitby, in Yorkshire, where it is
extensively cultivated.
186. HUTTON SQUARE.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, large; roundish-ovate, and irregular in its outline, being much
bossed on the sides, and knobbed about the eye and the stalk. Skin,
smooth, dull greenish-yellow where shaded, and strewed with minute
russety dots; but washed with dull red next the sun, and dotted with
black dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in an angular and plaited
basin. Stalk, short, deeply embedded in an angular cavity. Flesh,
white, firm, crisp, sweet, briskly and pleasantly flavored.
A valuable culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unsuitable for
the dessert, where a brisk and poignant flavored apple is preferred; it
is in use from November to March.
This variety is extensively grown about Lancaster; and is said to have
originated at the village of Hutton, in that vicinity.
The tree is an excellent bearer.
187. IRISH PEACH.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 527. Lind. Guide, 4. Down.
Fr. Amer. 74.
SYNONYMES.--Early Crofton, _Hort. Trans._ vol. viii. p. 321. _Ron.
Pyr. Mal._ 15.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 100. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches
and a quarter high; roundish, somewhat flattened, and slightly angular.
Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, tinged with dull redish-brown, and
thickly dotted with green dots on the shaded side; but fine lively red,
mottled and speckled with yellow spots on the side exposed to the sun.
Eye, small and closed, set in a rather deep, and knobbed basin, which
is lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, short, thick, and fleshy, inserted
in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, and crisp,
abounding in a rich, brisk, vinous, and aromatic juice, which, at this
season, is particularly refreshing.
An early dessert apple of the finest quality. It is ripe during the
first week in August, and lasts all through that month. It is a most
beautiful, and certainly one of the most excellent summer apples,
possessing all the rich flavor of some of the winter varieties, with
the abundant and refreshing juice of the summer fruits. Like most of
the summer apples it is in greatest perfection when eaten from the
tree, which is hardy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer.
188. IRISH REINETTE.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two
inches and a half high; oblong, somewhat five-sided, with five ribs
which extend from the base to the apex, where they run into the eye,
forming five prominent ridges. Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with
minute russety dots on the shaded side; but dull brownish-red, almost
entirely covered with large patches of dull leaden colored russet, on
the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a ribbed
and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, deep, and even
cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a
brisk, and poignant acid juice.
A valuable culinary apple; in use from November to February.
This variety is much cultivated about Lancaster, and in the county of
Westmoreland, where it is highly esteemed.
189. ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 360. Lind. Guide, 108. Rog.
Fr. Cult, 82. Fors. Treat. 109.
SYNONYMES.--Isle of Wight Orange, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 484. Orange
Pippin, _Pom. Heref._ t. 8. Pomme d’Orange, _Knoop Pom._ 47, t. viii.
Engelse Oranje Appel, _Ibid._ 171.
FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 4. Pom. Heref. t. 8.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, by an inch and a half deep; globular.
Eye, slightly sunk, with broad acute segments of the calyx. Stalk, very
short. Skin, yellowish-golden grey, with a russety epidermis, highly
colored with orange and red next the sun. Flesh, firm and juicy, with a
rich and aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and also valuable as a cider
fruit; it is in use from September to January.
The specific gravity of its juice is 1074.
This is a very old variety, and is no doubt the “Orange Apple” of Ray
and Worlidge. According to Mr. Knight, it is by some supposed to have
been introduced from Normandy to the Isle of Wight, where it was first
planted in the garden at Wrexall Cottage, near the Undercliff, where it
was growing in 1817. There are several other varieties of apples known
by the name of “Orange” and “Orange Pippin,” but they are all very
inferior to this.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy, healthy, and an
excellent bearer. It succeeds well when grafted on the paradise stock,
and grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier.
190. ISLEWORTH CRAB.--Hort.
SYNONYME.--Brentford Crab, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 21.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by the same in
height; conical. Skin, smooth, of a pale yellow color, with a deeper
tinge where exposed to the sun, and covered with small redish-brown
dots. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, set in a round and
narrow basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a deep, round, and even
cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly
flavored.
A pretty good culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use during
October; but scarcely worth cultivation.
191. JOANNETING.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Jennetting, _Coles’ Adam in Eden_, 257. Juniting, _Rea
Pom._ 209. Jeniting, _Worl. Vin._ 161. Ginetting or Juneting, _Raii
Hist._ ii. 1447, 1. Juneting, or Jenneting, _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 134.
Genneting, _Lang. Pom._ t. lxxiv. f. 2. Juneting, _Fors. Treat._ 109.
Early Jenneting, or June-eating, _Aber. Dict._ White Juneating, _Hort.
Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 374. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 78. Juneating, _Lind.
Guide_, 4. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 27. Owen’s Golden Beauty, _Hort. Soc.
Cat._ ed. 1, 717. Primiting, _in Kent and Sussex_.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 3.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small; round, and a little flattened. Skin, smooth and shining,
pale yellowish-green in the shade; but clear yellow, with sometimes
a faint tinge of red or orange next the sun. Eye, small and closed,
surrounded with a few small plaits, and set in a very shallow basin.
Stalk, an inch long, slender, and inserted in a shallow cavity, which
is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, crisp, brisk, and juicy,
with a vinous and slightly perfumed flavor, but becoming meally and
tasteless, if kept only a few days after being gathered.
This is the earliest apple of the year, the first of Pomona’s autumnal
offerings; it is in greatest perfection when gathered off the tree, or
immediately afterwards, as it very soon becomes dry and meally.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy and healthy. It is
not a great bearer, which may, in a great measure, account for it not
being so generally cultivated, as its earliness would recommend it to
be. If worked on the paradise stock it may be grown in pots, when the
fruit will not only be produced earlier, but in greater abundance than
on the crab, or free stock.
This is one of our oldest apples, and although generally known and
popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not
even mention it in any of the editions of his dictionary. As I have
doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson--his figure being
evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called
Joanneting--the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in
1665, who describes it as “a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a
wall, ripe in the end of June.”
The orthography which I have adopted in the nomenclature of this apple
may, to some, at first sight, seem strange; but I am nevertheless
persuaded it is the correct one. The different forms in which it has
been written will be found in the synonymes given above, none of which
afford any assistance as to the derivation or signification of the
name. Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in
allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the
end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and
says it is a corruption of Janeton (_Fr._) signifying Jane or Janet,
having been so called from a person of that name. Ray[K] says, “Pomum
Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit me latet.” Indeed there does not seem
ever to have been a correct definition given of it.
In the middle ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the
church, or saint’s days, periods on which occurrences were to take
place, or from which events were dated. Even in the present day, we
hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other
to be planted at Michaelmas, St. Martin’s, or Saint Andrew’s-tide. It
was also the practice, during the reign of Popery in this country,
as is still the case in all Roman Catholic countries, for parents to
dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste,
on the recurrence of whose festival, all who are so named keep it as
a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after
the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret
Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret’s day--the 20th of
July. The Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene’s day--the 22nd of
July. And in Curtius[L] we find the _Joannina_, so called, “Quod circa
divi Joannis Baptistæ nativitatem esui sint.” These are also noticed
by J. B. Porta; he says, “Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum
Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus _Melo de San Giovanni_ dicitur.” And
according to Tragus,[M] “Quæ apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans
Öpffel, Latine, Præcocia mala dicuntur.”
We see, therefore, that they were called Joannina, because they ripened
about St. John’s Day. We have also among the old French pears Amiré
Joannet--the Admired, or Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs us
was so called, because it ripened about St. John’s Day. If then we add
to Joannet the termination _ing_, so general among our names of apples,
we have _Joanneting_. There can be no doubt that this is the correct
derivation, and signification of the name of this apple, and although
the orthography may for a time appear singular, it will in the course
of usage become as familiar as the other forms in which it as been
written.
[K] Hist. Plant. ii. 1447.
[L] Hortorum, p. 522.
[M] Hist. p. 1043.
192. KEEPING RED-STREAK.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 627.