attains a considerable size. It is perfectly hardy, and will grow in
almost any situation.
This variety was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, a nurseryman,
at Brompton, under the name of _King of the Pippins_. I have, however,
thought it advisable to discontinue that name in connection with this
variety, because Diel previously possessed and described it under the
name of _Golden Winter Pearmain_, which is much more appropriate; and
the name of King of the Pippins belongs to another and very distinct
variety.--_See No. 199_.
153. GOOSEBERRY.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 293.
[Illustration]
Fruit, very large; roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth, deep lively green,
with a brownish tinge where exposed to the sun; strewed all over with
minute russety dots, which are large and redish next the sun. Eye,
open, with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a deep and plaited
basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep,
round, and slightly russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, very tender,
delicate, and marrowy, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of the finest quality, and surpassed by none for the
purpose to which it is applicable; it is in use from October to January.
This is a valuable apple to the market gardener, and is now extensively
cultivated in the Kentish orchards, particularly about Faversham, and
Sittingbourne, for the supply of the London Markets. This is a very
different apple from the Gooseberry Pippin of Ronald’s Pyrus Malus
Brentfordensis.
154. GRANGE.--Knight.
IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 295.
Lind. Guide, 106.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 6.
Fruit, below medium size; roundish, regularly and handsomely shaped.
Skin, smooth, of a rich golden yellow, assuming a slight orange tinge
next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and
open, with broad, flat, and reflexed segments; and scarcely at all
depressed. Stalk, very short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and shallow
cavity, which is tinged with green color and slightly russety. Flesh,
yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and briskly flavored.
A very excellent apple either for the dessert or for the manufacture of
cider; it is in use from October to January.
The specific gravity of its juice is 1079.
The tree is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.
This is one of the excellent productions of T. A. Knight, Esq. It was
raised in 1791, from the seed of the Orange Pippin, impregnated with
the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and introduced in 1802. The original
tree is at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire.
155. GRANGE’S PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
SYNONYME.--Grange’s Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height;
pearmain-shaped, as large, and very much the shape of the Royal
Pearmain. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of green, and studded with
embedded pearly specks, on some of which are minute russety points, on
the shaded side; but marked with broken stripes and spots of crimson,
interspersed with large russety dots on the side exposed to the sun.
Eye, partially closed with broad flat segments, set in a round, deep,
and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and rather fleshy,
inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp,
tender, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A fine large apple of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also
very good for the dessert. It bakes beautifully, and has a fine and
pleasant acid; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer.
156. GRAVENSTEIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 297. Lind. Guide, 71. Hort.
Trans. vol. iv. p. 216. Fors. Treat. 104. Down. Fr. Amer. 85.
SYNONYMES.--Grave Slije, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Sabine, of the
Flemings, _Ibid._ Gräfensteiner, _Diel Kernobst._ viii. 8. _Sickler
Obstgärt._ xxi. 116.
FIGURES.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. t. 21. Pom. Mag. t. 98. Ron. Pyr. Mal.
pl. x. f. 1.
Fruit, above the medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and
three quarters high; roundish, irregular, and angular on the sides, the
ribs of which extend from the base even to the eye. Skin, smooth, clear
pale waxen-yellow, streaked and dotted with lively crimson, intermixed
with orange, on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with
long segments, which are a little reflexed, and set in an irregular,
angular, and knobbed basin, which is sometimes lined with fine delicate
russet, and dotted round the margin with minute russety dots. Stalk,
very short, but sometimes three quarters of an inch long, set in a
deep and angular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, with a rich,
vinous, and powerful aromatic flavor; and if held up between the eye
and the light, with the hand placed on the margin of the basin of the
eye, it exhibits a transparency like porcelain.
This is a very valuable apple of the first quality, and is equally
desirable either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use
from October to December.
The tree is hardy, a vigorous and healthy grower, and generally a good
bearer. It has somewhat of a pyramidal habit of growth, and attains a
considerable size.
Though not of recent introduction, this beautiful and excellent apple
is comparatively but little known, otherwise it would be more generally
cultivated. It is one of the favorite apples of Germany, particularly
about Hamburgh, and in Holstein, where it is said to have originated in
the garden of the Duke of Augustenberg, at the Castle of Grafenstein.
The original tree is said to have been in existence about the middle of
the last century. According to Diel some suppose it to be of Italian
origin.
157. GREEN TIFFING.--H.
SYNONYME.--Mage’s Johnny, _in Lancashire_.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half high, and about the same in
width; conical, rounded at the base, and somewhat angular and ribbed on
the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, green at first, but changing
as it ripens to yellowish-green; next the sun it is quite yellow,
strewed with minute russety dots, and a few dots of red. Eye, small and
closed, set in a shallow basin, and surrounded with prominent plaits.
Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, crisp,
tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid.
A most excellent culinary apple; in use from September to December.
This is an esteemed variety in Lancashire, where it is extensively
cultivated.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
158. GREEN WOODCOCK.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high;
round, and somewhat flattened. Skin, green, changing to yellow on the
shaded side, and dotted with a few grey dots; but red, mottled with
broad broken stripes of darker red on the side next the sun, which
become paler as they extend to the shaded side. Eye, open, with long
acuminate segments, deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a shallow cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends
over the base. Flesh, white, deeply tinged with green, tender, juicy,
and briskly flavored.
A culinary apple; in use from October to Christmas.
This variety is grown in some parts of Sussex particularly about
Hailsham and Heathfield.
159. GREENUP’S PIPPIN.--H.
SYNONYME.--Greenus’s Pippin, _of some Catalogues_.
[Illustration]
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and a half high;
roundish, broadest at the base, and with a prominent rib on one side,
extending from the base to the crown. Skin, smooth, pale straw colored
tinged with green, on the shaded side; but covered with beautiful
bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with several patches of
thin delicate russet. Eye, closed, with long flat segments, placed in a
round, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in
a wide cavity. Flesh, pale yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and
briskly flavored.
An excellent apple, either for culinary or dessert use.
In the northern counties it is a popular and highly esteemed variety,
and ranks as a first-rate fruit. It is in use from October to December.
The tree is hardy and healthy; it does not attain a large size, but is
an abundant bearer. When grown against a wall, as it is sometimes in
the North of England, and border counties, the fruit attains a large
size, and is particularly handsome and beautiful.
This variety was first discovered growing in the garden of a shoemaker,
at Keswick, named Greenup, and was first cultivated and made public by
Clarke and Atkinson, nurserymen at that place about fifty years ago.
It is now much cultivated throughout the border counties, and is a
valuable apple where the more choice varieties do not attain perfection.
160. GREY LEADINGTON.--Gibs.
IDENTIFICATION.--Gibs. Fr. Gard. 354. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Fors.
Treat. 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 401.
SYNONYMES.--Leadington’s Grauer Pipping, _Diel Kernobst._ x. 144. Gray
Leadington Pippin, _Ibid._
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height; oblong or conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin,
greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-colored russet, on the shaded
side, and pale red when exposed to the sun; the whole covered with
whitish-grey dots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments,
and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a
pretty deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, tender, very juicy, and of a
rich, vinous, sugary, and aromatic flavor.
An excellent apple of first-rate quality, desirable either for the
dessert or for culinary purposes; it is in use from September to
January.
The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, hardy, and an excellent bearer.
It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock.
This is a favorite apple in Scotland, where it ranks among the best
dessert fruits.
161. GROS FAROS.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 385. Schab. Prat. ii. 90. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 244.
SYNONYME.--Faros, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high;
roundish and flattened, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the
eye, sometimes slightly angled. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow,
with a few streaks of red where shaded; and entirely covered with
red, which is striated with deeper red where exposed to the sun. Eye,
small and open, set in a narrow, round, and rather deep basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined
with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, firm, juicy,
sweet, slightly acid, and perfumed.
A dessert apple of good but not first-rate quality; in use from
December to March.
The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer.
162. HAGLOE CRAB.--Knight.
IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 5. Fors. Treat. 106. Lind. Guide, 107.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height; ovate,
flattened, and irregularly shaped. Skin, pale yellow, streaked with red
next the sun, and covered with a few patches of grey russet. Eye, open,
with flat, reflexed segments. Stalk, short. Flesh, soft and woolly, but
not dry.
Specific gravity of its juice 1081.
This is a most excellent cider apple; the liquor it produces being
remarkable for its strength, richness, and high flavor. It requires,
however, to be grown in certain situations; a dry soil with a
calcareous subsoil, being considered the best adapted for producing its
cider in perfection. Marshall says, “It was raised from seed by Mr.
Bellamy, of Hagloe, in Gloucestershire, grandfather of the present Mr.
Bellamy, near Ross, in Herefordshire, who draws from it (that is, from
trees grafted with scions from this parent stock) a liquor, which for
richness, flavor, and _pure on the spot_, exceeds perhaps every other
fruit liquor which nature and art have produced. He has been offered
sixty guineas for a hogshead (about 110 gallons) of this liquor. He has
likewise been offered bottle for bottle of wine, or spirituous liquors,
the best to be produced; and this without freight, duty, or even a mile
of carriage to enhance its original price.”
163. HALL DOOR.--Fors.
IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 313. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 57.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; oblate, puckered round the eye. Skin, pale green at
first, but changing to dull yellow, streaked with red. Eye, set in
a wide and irregular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a
moderately deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, but coarse, juicy, and
pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple of ordinary merit; in use from December to March.
164. HAMBLEDON DEUX ANS.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 202. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 83.
FIGURE.--Ron Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii. f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high;
roundish, rather broadest at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow in the
shade; and dull red, streaked with broad stripes of deeper and brighter
red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, firm, crisp, not very juicy, but richly and briskly
flavored.
One of the most valuable culinary apples, and not unworthy of the
dessert; it is in use from January to May, and is an excellent keeper.
This variety originated at Hambledon, a village in Hampshire, where
there are several trees of a great age now in existence.
165. HANWELL SOURING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 219. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 319. Lind. Guide, 71.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxx. f. 4.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish-ovate, angular, or somewhat five-sided, and
narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with large
russety dots, which are largest about the base; and with a faint blush
of red next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular
basin, which is lined with russet. Stalk, very short, inserted in an
even funnel-shaped cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet.
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, with a brisk and poignant acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use in December
and keeps till March, when it possesses more acidity than any other
variety which keeps to so late a period.
It is said to have been raised at Hanwell, a place near Banbury, in
Oxfordshire.
166. HARGREAVE’S GREEN-SWEET.--H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high; oblato-cylindrical, angular on the sides, with
prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, on
the shaded side; but deeper yellow tinged with green, and marked with
a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and strewed all over with
small russety dots. Eye, half open, with linear segments, placed in a
deep and angular basin, which is surrounded with ridges formed by the
termination of the costal angles. Stalk, three quarters of an inch
long, slender, and inserted in a deep, round cavity, which is lined
with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and perfumed.
A good dessert apple but lacks acidity; it is in use during September
and October.
About Lancaster this is a well-known apple. The original tree, which is
of great age, is still standing in the nursery of John Hargreave and
Sons, hence it is called Hargreave’s Green-Sweet.
167. HARVEY APPLE.--Park.
IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 587. Aust. Orch. 54. Worl. Vin. 159. Raii
Hist. ii. 1448. Switz. Fr. Gard. 138. Lind. Guide, 72.
SYNONYME.--Doctor Harvey, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 208.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about the same high; ovate, and
somewhat angular. Skin, greenish-yellow, dotted with green and white
specks, and marked with ramifications of russet about the apex. Eye,
small, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with several prominent
plaits. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in an uneven and deep
cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, and perfumed.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, well-known and extensively
cultivated in Norfolk; it is in use from October to January.
The tree is large, hardy, and a great bearer.
In the Guide to the Orchard, it is said, “When baked in an oven which
is not too hot, these apples are most excellent; they become sugary,
and will keep a week or ten days, furnishing for the dessert a highly
flavored sweetmeat.”
This is one of the oldest English apples. It is first mentioned by
Parkinson as “a faire, greate, goodly apple; and very well rellished.”
Ralph Austen calls it “a very choice fruit, and the trees beare well.”
Indeed it is noticed by almost all the early authors. According to
Ray it is named in honor of Dr. Gabriel Harvey, of Cambridge, “Pomum
Harveianum ab inventore Gabriele Harveio Doctore nomen sortitum
Cantabrigiæ suæ deliciæ.”
168. HARVEY’S PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 19.
SYNONYME.--Dredge’s Beauty of Wilts, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ _Rog. Fr.
Cult._ 53.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but
washed with fine red on the side next the sun, and marked with crimson
dots. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored.
An excellent and useful apple either for culinary purposes or dessert
use; it is in season from December to February.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer; it attains above the
middle size, and may be grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier,
when grafted on the paradise stock.
169. HARVEY’S WILTSHIRE DEFIANCE.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, of the largest size; conical, and very handsomely shaped,
distinctly five-sided, having five prominent and acute angles
descending from the apex, till they are lost in the base. Skin, fine
deep sulphur yellow; of a deeper shade on the side which is exposed
to the sun, and covered all over with minute russety dots, with here
and there ramifying patches of russet. Eye, pretty large and open,
with short ragged segments, and set in a rather shallow and angular
basin. Stalk, very short, about half-an-inch long, and not extending
beyond the base, inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough
scaly russet, which branches out over a portion of the base. Flesh,
yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, sugary, vinous, and richly flavored.
Core, very small for the size of the apple.
A very handsome and most desirable apple, being of first-rate quality,
either as a dessert or culinary fruit; it is in use from the end of
October to the beginning of January.
This variety seems to be comparatively little known; but it is well
deserving the notice either of the fruit gardener, or the orchardist;
to the latter particularly so, as its size, fine appearance, and
handsome shape make it attractive at market; and its solid and weighty
flesh give it an advantage over many apples of its size.
170. HAUTE BONTÉ.--Duh.
IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 315. Quint. Inst. i. 203. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 323.
SYNONYMES.--Reinette grise, haute bonté, _Bon Jard._ 1843, 514.
Blandilalie, in Poitou, _acc. Quint._
FIGURES.--Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 106. Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. pl. xii.
f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, somewhat ribbed on the sides, and
flattened at both ends; broadest at the base, and narrowing towards
the apex, which is terminated by prominent ridges. Skin, smooth and
shining, green at first, but changing to yellow as it ripens, and with
a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, half open,
with long acuminate segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, tender, juicy, sugary, rich, brisk, and aromatic.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality when grown to
perfection; it is in use from January to May.
This is a variety of the Reinette Grise, and a very old French apple.
171. HAWTHORNDEN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 324. Lind. Guide, 17. Down.
Fr. Amer. 86. Rog. Fr. Cult. 26.
SYNONYMES.--Hawthorndean, _Fors. Treat._ 107. White Hawthorndean,
_Nicol. Gard. Kal._ 256. Red Hawthorndean, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
White Apple, _acc. Nicol. Villa Gard._ 30.
FIGURE.--Hook Pom. Lond. t. 44. Pom. Mag. t. 34. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl.
iv. f. 1.
Fruit, varying very much in size, according to the situation and
condition of the tree; sometimes it is very large, and again scarcely
attaining the middle size; generally, however, it is above the medium
size; roundish and depressed, with occasionally a prominent rib on one
side, which gives it an irregularity in its appearance. Skin, smooth,
covered with a delicate bloom; greenish-yellow, with a blush of red on
one side, which varies in extent and depth of color according as it has
been more or less exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with broad
and flat segments, placed in a pretty deep and irregular basin. Stalk,
short, stout, and sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep and irregular
cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, with an agreeable
and pleasant flavor.
One of the most valuable and popular apples in cultivation. It is
suitable only for kitchen use, and is in season from October to
December.
The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and as an early and abundant
bearer is unrivalled by any other variety. It succeeds well in almost
every description of soil and situation where it is possible for apples
to grow.
This variety was raised at Hawthornden, a romantic spot near Edinburgh,
celebrated as the birthplace and residence of Drummond the poet,
who was born there in 1585. I have never learnt at what period the
Hawthornden was first discovered. The first mention of it is in the
catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh; but I do not think
it was known about London till 1790, when it was introduced to the
Brompton Park nursery.
172. HERMANN’S PIPPIN.--H.
SYNONYME.--Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ vii. 99?
Fruit, above medium size, three inches broad, and the same in height;
roundish, and irregularly formed. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on
the shaded side; but striped and mottled with dark crimson on the side
next the sun, and thickly strewed with russety dots round the eye. Eye,
open, with long green acuminate segments, which are recurved at the
tips, and set in a deep and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short and
stout, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with
rough grey russet, extending over almost the whole of the base. Flesh,
yellowish-white, very tender and juicy, but with little flavor.
An apple of very ordinary quality, which seems only suitable for
culinary purposes; it is in use from October to January.
I received this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it
seems to be so like the description of Diel’s Grosser Gestreifter
Hermannsapfel, that I have adopted it as a synonyme.
173. HOARY MORNING.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 336. Lind. Guide, 18. Down.
Fr. Amer. 113.
SYNONYMES.--Dainty Apple, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 234. Downy, _Ibid._
275. Sam Rawlings, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxviii. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin,
yellowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side; and
broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun; the
whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar
frost. Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk,
short, inserted in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white,
tinged with red at the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and
slightly acid.
A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality; it is
in use from October to December.
174. HOLLANDBURY.--Hort.