a desperately monotonous occupation, a rather unenviable beatitude. For
the stars, shorn of their divinity, are for us no more than gaseous or
solid bodies circulating in space, and we analyse with the spectroscope
their chemical composition. But the ancients felt otherwise: they
describe with singular eloquence the “cosmic emotion” which seized them
as they contemplated their southern skies—their soul was ravished, borne
on the wings of enthusiasm into the midst of the dazzling gods which
from the earth had been descried throbbing in the radiance of the ether.
These mystic transports were compared by them to Dionysiac intoxication;
an “abstemious drunkenness”[532] raised man to the stars and kindled in
him an impassioned ardour for divine knowledge. And as the exaltation
produced by the vapours of wine gave to the mystics of Bacchus a
foretaste of the joyous inebriation promised to them in the Elysian
banquet, so the ecstasy which uplifted him who contemplated the
celestial gods caused him to feel the happiness of another life while he
was yet here below.[533]
“I know,” says an epigram of Ptolemy himself,[534] “I know that I am
mortal, born for a day, but when I follow the serried crowd of the stars
in their circular course my feet touch the earth no longer: I go to Zeus
himself and sate myself with ambrosia, the food of the gods.”
In the same way the intoxication produced by music, the divine
possession which purified man by detaching him from material cares,
caused him to taste for an instant the felicity which would fill his
whole being when he should harken to the sweet harmony produced by the
rotation of the spheres, the celestial concert which the ears of mortals
are incapable of hearing, as their eyes cannot bear the brilliance of
the sun. Men’s instruments could cause the perception of only a weak
echo of these delightful chords, but they awoke in the soul a passionate
desire for heaven, where the unspeakable joy produced by the cosmic
symphony would be felt.
The beatitude of the elect, as conceived by astral immortality, was a
magnified projection to heaven of the joys which a religion of the
erudite held to be most worthy of virtuous spirits. When pagan theology
transported the abode of the most favoured souls outside the boundaries
of the universe to a world beyond the senses,[535] the happiness of
these souls could no longer consist solely in the sight and the hearing
of the motion of the spheres. This entirely material conception of
felicity in the Beyond had to be spiritualised. The ecstasy of Plotinus
does not stop short at the visible gods of the firmament; in it the soul
is transported beyond even the world of ideas and reaches, in an upward
rush of love, the divine unity in which it merges, ridding itself of all
consciousness and all form. This is the supreme goal which none can
attain after death save him who has conquered perfect purity. But the
aristocratic intellectualism of this philosophy reserved this union with
the first Principle for an _élite_ of sages. Paganism in its decline
believed in a hierarchy of souls ascending to the divinity, in a scale
of merit corresponding to various degrees of rewards: the majority lived
among the stars and, divine like them, helped them to govern the
earth—we already know their blessed lot; others who were more perfect
entered the intelligible cosmos[536] and their happiness, as it was
imagined, is but a more exalted counterpart of the joys attributed to
the former class. They were plunged in immovable contemplation of pure
Ideas; forgetting earthly things, they were wholly absorbed by this
intense activity of thought which was to them an inexpressible joy.
Moreover, being set free from the bonds of their flesh and of their
individuality, they could embrace in a single glance all the separate
intelligences which together formed the divine _Nous_, and thus had a
simultaneous intuition of everything, the direct comprehension of the
ultimate reason of things.
Beatific vision of the splendour of God, immediate perception of all
truth, mystic love for an ineffable Beauty—these were sublime
speculations which were to be unendingly reproduced and developed after
the fall of paganism. Unavailing efforts to represent a state
inconceivable to any human imagination, they expressed the ardent
yearning of religious souls towards an ideal of perfection and felicity.
But this high religious spirituality had gradually broken away from
somewhat coarse beliefs which had little by little been purified. The
rapture which transported Plotinus to those summits where reason,
bewildered as in a swoon, forsakes even thought in order to lose itself
within a principle which is above all definition, is directly connected
with the ecstasy which in the temples of Egypt came upon the devotee
who, like the philosopher, conversed “alone with the lone god,”[537]
whom the priest had evoked, and believed that in this vision he found a
guarantee of eternal happiness.
INDEX
Ablutions, 118;
_cf._ “Lustration”
Absorption in God, 36 s., 42, 122
Acheron, 5, 8, 15, 27, 78, 80 s., 84 s., 149, 210
Achilles, 74
Adonis, 116, 203
Aeacus, 10, 75
Aeneid, 48, 82 s., 151;
Aeneas, 74, 128;
_cf._ “Virgil”
Africa, 93, 120, 139, 192
Age of reason, 137
Agricola, 18
Agrippina, 131
Ahriman, 89;
_cf._ “Spirit of Evil”
Air full of souls, 26, 59, 160;
purifies, 119, 143, 186;
_cf._ Winds;
Aerial bodies, 103, 168;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον”
Alexander of Abonotichos, 9, 23, 180
Alexander of Aphrodisias, 6
Alexander the Great, 62
Alexandria, 17, 20, 79, 96;
cults, 36, 39;
_cf._ “Isis,” “Serapis”
Allegorical interpretations, 12, 21, 24, 42, 78 ss., 82, 86, 152, 180,
195, 206
Amorgos, 105
Andromeda, 104
Angels, 140
_Anima_, 59, 167;
_cf._ “Soul”
_Ante diem_ (death), 133
Antinous, 105, 164
Antipodes, 80 s.
Antonius Diogenes, 22
Aphraates, 206
Apocalypse of Peter, 173
_Apocolocyntosis_, 179
Apollo, 112, 123, 156;
Musagetes, 101
Apollonius of Tyana, 23, 164
Apotheosis of heroes, 32, 205;
of emperors, 102, 112 s., 156, 164;
of Claudius, 179;
of great men, 114 s.;
in mysteries, 118 ss.;
of children, 138 ss.
Appius Claudius Pulcher, 22
Apuleius, 108, n. 41
Aristarchus, 79
Aristophanes, 95
Aristotle, 6, 17, 77, 98, 131;
_cf._ “Peripatetic”
Armenia, 52
Arnold (Matthew), 116
Asia Minor, 112;
_cf._ “Cybele”
Astral body, 169
Astrolatry, 123, 207;
_cf._ “Stars”
Astrology, 17, 28, 92 s., 96, 100, 102, 117, 187
Ataraxia, 8, 191
Atargatis, 121
Athribis, 93
Atmosphere, 25, 81, 162, 168;
_cf._ “Hades”
Attis, 35 ss., 39, 116, 203
Augustus, 156
Avernus, 74
Axiochos, 79
Babylonia, 94, 156;
_cf._ “Chaldeans”
Bacchus, 52, 120, 138 s., 202, 211;
Bacchantes, 62;
_cf._ “Dionysos”
Banquet; funeral, 53 ss., 200 ss.;
ritual, 120 ss., 203 s.;
eternal, 35, 151, 201 ss.;
of the gods, 204
_Biothanati_, 26, 129 ss., 141 ss.
Bird (soul), 59, 157 s.
Black hand, 135
Black souls, 166
Blood poured on tombs, 51;
seat of life, 51, 118;
in mysteries, 113, 201 ss.
Boats (sun and moon), 92, 113, 154 s.;
carry souls, 155;
_cf._ “Charon”
Body carried to heaven, 159, 164;
_cf._ 165, 167;
soul attached to body, 182 s.;
_cf._ 44 ss.;
_cf._ “Corpse”
Book of the Dead, 148, 175, 193;
of Enoch, 108, 198;
of Arta Viraf, 175
Boscoreale (goblets), 11
Bread, 120
Buddhism, 177
Burial necessary, 64 ss., 197;
refused, 65, 143, 145 s.;
_cf._ “_Insepulti_”
Byzantines, 132, 146
Caesar (Julius), 8, 51, 104
Calendar, 102
California, 148
Caligula, 67, 131
Callimachus, 17
Cameo of Paris, 156
Cancer and Capricorn, 153
Carducci, 115
Carneades, 6
Castor and Pollux, 104, 113, 205;
_cf._ “Dioscuri”
Castor of Rhodes, 22, 97
Catacombs, 202, 206
Catasterism, 104, 113;
_cf._ “Stars”
Cato of Utica, 26, 144
Catullus, 17
Celsus, 88
Celts, see “Druids,” “Gaul”
_Cena novemdialis_, 53
Cenotaph, 65;
_cf._ 48
Cerberus, 10, 83, 87
Chaldaic oracles, 38, 103
Chaldeans, 28, 35, 37 s., 95, 100 ss., 107 s., 160, 208 s.;
_cf._ “Babylonia”
Chariot of the sun, 102, 113, 156 s.
Charon, 85, 149, 174;
Charon’s boat, 10, 25, 66, 75, 80, 155
Children sacrificed, 135;
games in other life, 138 s.;
unbaptised, 198;
_cf._ “Untimely death,” “Apotheosis”
Christians, pagan customs of, 52, 55 s., 119, 145 s., 200;
beliefs, 68 s., 90, 92, 108, 140 s., 143, 153, 187, 196 ss.;
_biothanati_, 146
Chrysippus, 13
Church, see “Christians”
Cicero, 19, 26 s., 31 ss., 44, 83, 104 s., 111, 113, 135, 152, 161, 165
Circe, 74, 180
_Circumpotatio_, 55
Claudius, 152, 179
Cleanthes, 13
Cocytus, 78
Colleges (funeral), 67, 143
Comet, 104;
_cf._ “Star”
Commodianus, 146
Como, 192
Conflagration of the world, 12 ss.
Consus, 71
Contemplation of stars, 209;
_cf._ “Sight of God”
Copernicus, 28, 109
Corinthians (Epistle to), 11, 106
Cornutus, 14
Corpse (life of), 45, 164;
_cf._ “Body”
Corstopitum, 156
Crescent (symbol), 93, 97, 99
Crown of life, 117
Curse-tablets, see “_Defixiones_”
Cybele, 35 ss., 39
Cynics, 65
Cyprus, 135
Danaïdes, 85, 87, 171, 181
Dante, 43, 109, 174, 187
Dead; food of, 50;
partake of banquets, 54 s.;
communicate with living, 58 s.;
feared, 47;
malevolent, 63 s.;
tutelary spirits, 60 s.;
keep character of living, 73;
received by shades or not, 68, 86, 193;
physical character of, 165 ss.;
_cf._ “Ghosts,” “Soul,” “Spirits”
Death, sleep, 10, 45, 192;
not to be feared, 7 ss., 19;
second d., 110;
untimely d., 128 ss.;
represented as a monster, 117
_Defixiones_, 63, 68, 134
Deification, 34, 111 s.;
_cf._ “Apotheosis”
Demetrius of Tarsus, 186
Democritus, 5, 7
Demons, 26, 29, 60, 62, 80, 86 s., 88 s., 133, 136, 145, 154, 162, 172,
175
Destiny, see “Fatalism”
_Devotio_, 63
_Di animales_, 149
Dido, 59
Didyma, 99
Dio Cassius, 62
Dionysos (mysteries), 35, 120, 123, 201 s., 211;
_cf._ “Bacchus”
Dioscuri, 156;
_cf._ “Castor”
Dolphins, 180
Domitian, 103
Druids, 23, 94, 178
Druses, 178
Dualism, 24, 89, 117, 188
Eagle carries souls, 102, 113, 157 ss.
Earth (Mother), 36, 86;
_cf._ “Cybele,” “Moon”
Eclecticism, 21, 27
Ecstasy, 42, 121, 126, 196
Egypt, 48 s., 54, 86, 112, 134, 157, 173, 177 s.;
Egyptian religion, 45, 76, 79, 94, 113, 122 s., 148, 153, 167, 175,
202, 207, 213;
in Rome, 36 ss.
Elements purify the soul, 25, 81, 119, 185 ss., 196, 201
Eleusis, 34, 138;
_cf._ “Mysteries”
Elijah, 156
Elysian fields, 34, 73, 76, 79, 84, 120, 138 s., 151, 165, 171 ss.,
184, 193 s.;
in the moon, 25, 81 s., 97;
about the moon, 98;
among the stars, 104, 187;
represented, 74;
_cf._ “Hades”
Emperors, divinity of, 112 s.;
_cf._ “Apotheosis”
not subject to fate, 117;
_cf._ “Kings”
Ennius, 21, 79, 165
Enoch, 108, 198
Epictetus, 12, 14
Epicurus, 7 ss., 20;
Epicureans, 65, 77, 110, 195, 204, 210
Epinomis, 208
Epiphanies of gods, 121, 123
Epoptism, 121;
_cf._ “Sight of god”
Erinyes, 26, 75, 78, 173 ss., 181 s.;
_cf._ “Furies”
Eros, 138
Esdras, 198
Eternal house (tomb), 3, 48;
eternal rest, 196, 199;
eternal pains, 76, 88, 172;
eternal banquet, see “Banquet”
Etruscans, 5, 53 s., 63, 71, 74 s., 117, 149 s., 155, 174, 178
Eusebius of Alexandria, 92
Evil eye, 154
Evil, Spirit of, see “Spirit”
Executed criminals, 145;
_cf._ “_Biothanati_”
Fatalism, 117, 133 s., 136, 179, 183
Fates, 84, 134, 138
_Fatum_, 133
Faustina, 156
Fire, stoic, 12 ss.;
heavenly, 28, 185;
_cf._ “Stars;”
of hell, 175 s.;
purifies, 119, 176, 185 ss.;
_cf._ “Pyriphlegeton”
Fish, sacred, 121
Food of the dead, 50 s., 56
Fortunate islands, see “Islands”
Freer collection, 154
Funeral cult, 47 ss.;
funeral banquet, see “Banquet,” “Sculpture”
Galileo, 109
Ganymede, 159
Garden of tombs, 57, 200
Gates, of Hades, 70, 80;
of heaven, 153, 162 s.
Gaul, 23;
_cf._ “Druids”
Gello, 134
_Genii_, 60, 142
Germanicus, 156
Ghosts, 4, 7, 62 s., 67 s., 83, 91, 130 s., 134, 165, 197
Gladiators, 51, 136
Gnosis (sacred lore), 23, 111, 114, 121 ss., 125, 207 ss.
Goat Star, 105
Gobryes, 79
God immanent, 30;
_cf._ “World;”
transcendent, 41;
identification with g., 34, 107 s.;
_cf._ “Soul;”
sight of God, 121, 207;
visible gods (stars), 31, 104, 108;
_cf._ “Epiphanies;”
sage, god on earth, 14, 111 s.;
evil god, 133;
god eaten in mysteries, 120
Greek beliefs, 5, 61, 69, 72 ss., 79, 87, 95, 102, 105, 113, 115, 117,
146 s., 155, 157, 174, 177;
mysteries, 34 s.;
_cf._ “Dionysos,” “Eleusis;”
funeral cult, 53 s., 56
Guide of souls, see “Psychopomp”
Hadad, 205
Hades, Greek, 4 s., 72, 134, 148, 170;
stoic, 14;
Pythagorean, 26, 78, 81, 181;
Neo-Platonic, 41, 88;
mysteries, 37;
descent into H., 148 ss., 171;
on earth, 78, 181 s.;
in the air, 168;
_cf._ “Atmosphere;”
between sun and moon, 103;
_cf._ “Gate,” “_Inferi_,” “Tartarus,” “Nether world”
Hadrian, 104, 157
Hanged, 143;
rope amulet, 136
Harmony of spheres, 25, 101, 115, 212
Heavens, three, 106;
eight, 106 s.;
_cf._ “Immortality,” “Planets”
Hecate, 92, 134
Heliodorus of Emesa, 68, 86
Helios, 123, 130;
_cf._ “Sun”
Hell dragon, 154;
_cf._ “Hades”
Hemispheres opposed, 80 s.
Hercules, 104, 113, 123, 144, 167, 205;
at crossroads, 150, 194
Hermes, 180;
soul-guide, 25, 85, 105, 138, 163;
(Thot), 122
Hermes Trismegistus, 38, 114, 121, 180, 186
Herodotus, 177
Heroes, 113 ss., 140, 142, 149, 167, 204 s.
Hesiod, 150
_Hic requiescit_, 191, 197
Hierapolis, 159
Hipparchus, 96
Honey, 52, 119 s.
Horace, 12, 130, 142, 205
Horse carries souls, 155 s.
Hostanes, 136
Hypsistos (Most High), 41, 104, 108, 130
Icaromenippus, 106
_Imago_, 166
Immortality, earthly, 19 s.;
celestial, 25 ss., 29, 32, 37, 91 ss., 138;
lunar, 96 ss.;
_cf._ “Moon;”
solar, 100 ss.;
_cf._ “Sun;”
stellar, 103 ss.;
_cf._ “Stars;”
conception of i., 110;
privilege of divinity, 111;
i. of the few, see “Heroes”
Incineration, 46
India, 54, 93, 95, 177
Infants (death of), 128 ss.
_Inferi_, 4, 25, 71, 78, 81, 86, 166, 195;
_cf._ “Hades,” “Nether world”
_Innupti_, 137
_Insepulti_, 25, 64 ss., 145;
rejected by shades, 68, 86, 193
Intoxication, 126, 205, 211 s.;
_cf._ “Wine”
_Invicti_ (stars), 117
Ion of Chios, 95
Irish wake, 55
Isis, 36 s., 121, 123, 154
Islands of the Blessed, 25, 80 s., 96, 155;
of impious, 175
Ixion, 84 s., 171
Jacob’s ladder, 154
Jamblichus, 40, 103, 169, 184, 207
Jews, 35, 89, 108, 135, 142, 197 ss., 206;
_cf._ “Philo”
John Climacus, 154
Josephus, 142
Journey to Hades, 148 ss.;
to heaven, 152 ss.
Judaism, see “Jews”
Judgment of the dead, 76, 88, 151, 172 s.
Julian the Apostate, 9, 42, 98, 157, 161, 164, 205
Julius Caesar, see “Caesar”
Jupiter, 106;
_summus exsuperantissimus_, 108;
star, 107, 187
Katoptromanteia, 166, n. 62
Kings immortal, 112;
anointing of k., 119;
_cf._ “Emperors”
Kiss (last), 59
Lactantius, 153
Ladder, 153 ss.
_Larvae_, 63
_Lemures_, 4, 60, 72, 131;
_Lemuria_, 63, 71
Lesbos, 134
Lethe, 76, 184, 201
Libations on tombs, 50 ss., 204
_Libri Acheruntici_, 149
Lion, 187
Liternum, 47
Livia, wife of Drusus, 135
Lucan, 103
Lucian of Samosata, 8, 23, 39, 49, 54, 62, 67, 75, 97, 106, 175, 201
Lucretius, 7, 45 s., 138, 210
_Lunula_, 97
Lustrations, 118
Lysimachus, 65
Maccabees, 142
Macrobius, 132 s.
Magi, 79, 95
Magic, 22, 26, 52, 67, 118, 119, 124, 130 s., 133 ss., 143, 154, 158,
163, 166;
magic papyri, 86, 134 ss.;
_cf._ “Necromancy”
_Manalis lapis_, 71
Manes, 4, 18, 32, 47, 54, 60 ss., 72, 86, 93, passim
Manicheans, 93, 103, 154, 178
Manilius, 31, 112, 133
Marcellus, 156
Marcus Aurelius, 14, 39
Mars, 123;
star, 107, 131, 141, 187
Marseilles, 163
Martyrs, 143, 145
Maximus of Tyre, 61
Mazdeans, 89, 95, 175, 188;
_cf._ “Persia”
Meals, see “Banquets”
_Melikraton_, 52
_Memoriae aeternae_, 19
Memory, Lake of, 148
Menander, 141
Mercury (star), 107, 187;
_cf._ “Hermes”
Metempsychosis, 26, 41 s., 74, 78, 82 s., 172, 177 ss.;
in beasts, 179 s., 183;
in plants, 179;
punishment, 180
Miletus, 105
Milk, 52
Milky Way, 94, 104, 152 s.
Minos, 75, 85
Mirrors in magic, 166
Mithras, 37 s., 89, 103, 106, 154, 156, 164, 178;
_cf._ 163
Mojave Indians, 148
Money (in mouth of dead), 84
Monsters, see “Death”, “Souls”
Monteleone (chariot), 155, n. 23
Moon, 28, 29, 86;
new moon, 91;
m. and resurrection, 91 s.;
abode of souls, 25 s., 93 s., 96 s., 186, 195;
dissolves souls, 168;
limit of heaven, 25, 98 s.;
Olympic earth, 97;
_cf._ 187;
rules physical life, 102, 107;
_cf._ “Boat”
Mother of gods, 35 ss.
Mourning, 47, 51
Muses, 101, 115, 210
Music, 24, 132;
_cf._ “Harmony of spheres”
Mussulman, 142
Mysteries, Greek, 34 s., 138;
_cf._ “Dionysos,” “Eleusis;”
oriental, 33 ss., 96, 116 ss., 138, 160;
m. and philosophy, 38, 124 ss.;
transformed, 38 s., 82;
children initiated, 138
Mysticism, astral, 30, 126, 208 ss.;
Neo-Platonic, 42, 125
Naiads, 139
Necromancy, 53, 62, 66, 68, 190
Nectabis, 136
_Nekyia_, 82
Nemesis, 130
Neo-Platonists, 40, 87 s., 106, 110, 124, 144, 163, 169, 196
Neo-Pythagoreans, see “Pythagoreans”
Nereids, 139
Nero, 103, 131
Nether world, 70 ss.;
imitation of city, 75, 172 s.;
lower hemisphere, 79;
in the air, 81;
_cf._ “Atmosphere;”
scepticism about n.w., 18, 83 s.;
faith in n.w. preserved, 36 s.;
_cf._ “Hades,” “_Inferi_”
New York (Museum), 155, n. 23
Nigidius Figulus, 22, 32, 97
_Non nutriti_, 137
Nosaïris, 178
_Nous_, 103, 168, 213
Numa, 21
Number (Pythagorean), 132
Numenius, 107
Nymphs, 140
Octavius, 51
Oenoanda, 9
Oil, 119
Olympus, 80, 88, 104 s., 157, 163, 195;
Olympic earth, 97;
_cf._ 187
Omophagy, 120
Orcus, 83;
_cf._ “Hades”
Oriental mysteries, 33 ss.;
_cf._ “Mysteries;”
Or. religions, 117, 203, 209
Origen, 108 s., 140, 154, 188
Orphism, 5, 21, 34 s., 73 s., 77, 138, 148 s., 171 s., 174, 177 ss.,
187 s., 193, 201
Oscilla, 143
Osiris, 35, 113, 116, 122 s., 202 s.;
_cf._ “Serapis”
_Os resectum_, 65;
_ossa quiescant_, 191
Ovid, 22, 73, 104
Pains of hell, 170 ss.;
_cf._ “Fire,” “Eternal”
Paintings, 93;
_cf._ catacombs, 202, 206
Palingenesis, 13, 182 ss.
Panaetius, 13, 27 s.
Panamu (king), 205
Pannonia, 186
Papyri, 157;
_cf._ “Magic”
Paradise, 200, 205
Parcae, 84
_Parentalia_, 63, 71
Pascal, 2, 30
Pausanias, 95
Pegasus, 156
Pericles, 1
Periktione, 78
Peripatetic school, 6, 77;
_cf._ “Aristotle”
Persia, 54, 89, 95 s., 107, 156, 175, 177;
_cf._ “Mazdeans,” “Mithras”
Pessimism, 24, 39, 41
Petelia tablet, 148
Peter, apocalypse of, 173
Petosiris, 132
Petronius, 49, 135
Phantoms, see “Ghosts”
Pharaohs, 113, 123;
_cf._ “Egypt”
Philadelphia, 151
Philip of Opus, 208
Philo the Jew, 31, 140, 154
Philosophy, 5 ss.;
and mysteries, 38, 121;
philosophers immortal, 114, 124;
priests of the world, 125;
wonder-workers, 114;
_cf._ “Epicureans,” “Neo-Platonists,” “Pythagoreans,” “Stoics”
Phoebus, 157;
_cf._ “Sun”
Phosphorus, 159
Phrygian cult, 35 s.;
_cf._ “Sabazios”
Pindar, 73
Pirithous, 171
Planets, 28, 168, 179, 209;
planetary spheres, 103, 106 ss., 154, 187
Plato, 6, 7, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 39, 42, 66, 77, 87 ss., 95, 99, 107,
129, 136, 158, 169, 178, 182 ss., 188;
Plato’s cavern, 23, 99;
_Phaedo_, 49, 79, 144, 152, 163;
_cf._ “Axiochos,” “Neo-Platonists”
Plautus, 5
Pliny the Elder, 8, 83, 92, 96;
the Younger, 67
Plotinus, 23, 40 ss., 61, 125, 144, 212 s.
Plutarch, 39, 83, 87, 129, 173, 186
Pluto, 75, 84 s.;
_cf._ “Hades”
Pneuma, see “Πνεῦμα”
Polybius, 5
Pontiffs, 65;
_cf._ 44
Porch, see “Stoics”
Porphyry, 40, 42, 87, 120, 125, 144, 184
Posidonius of Apamea, 27 ss., 32, 39, 43, 82, 98, 124, 136, 161, 184
_Praesens numen_, 112
Praetextatus (catacombs), 202
Prayer (silent), 24, 122, 126
Priests immortal, 114;
anointed, 119;
_cf._ “Philosophers”
Proclus, 87 s., 169
Prodicus, 150
Propertius, 47
Proserpina, 25, 75, 95, 97
Psyche, 25, 59
Psychopomp, 94, 163;
_cf._ “Hermes,” “Sun”
Ptolemies, 123;
_cf._ “Alexandria”
Ptolemy’s system, 28, 43, 109;
astrology, 132;
epigram, 211
Punic cults, 93;
_cf._ 59;
_cf._ “Africa”
Purgatory, 26, 82, 161 s., 185 ss.
Purification of the soul, 118;
_cf._ “Purgatory”, “Lustrations”
Pyre, 49, 159
Pyriphlegethon, 15, 76, 78, 81, 175, 185
Pythagoras, 20 ss., 97
Pythagoreans, 20 ss., 27, 32, 35, 38 ss., 59, 66, 68, 74, 77 s., 81, 95
s., 99 s., 104, 107, 121, 124, 129, 132 ss., 136 s., 144, 149 ss.,
160, 167, 171, 177 ss., 181, 188, 194
_Quies aeterna_, 191
_Quietae sedes_, 195
Ra, 94, 113, 154
Rays of the sun, 160;
_cf._ “Sun”
Reason rises to the sun, 103, 168;
_cf._ “Nous”
_Refrigerium_, 202
Reincarnation, 26, 29;
_cf._ “Metempsychosis”
Repast, see “Banquet”
Repose of the dead, 190 ss.;
in the Elysian Fields, 193 s.;
in heaven, 195 ss.
Rest, see “Repose,” “_Quies_”
Resurrection of the flesh, 197
Retaliation, 173
Retribution, 72, 172 ss., 177 ss.;
_cf._ “Judgment”
Revelation, 207;
_cf._ “Gnosis”
Rhadamanthus, 75
Rhine, 154
Right and left, 152
Rites not needed, 125 ss.
Roads (two), 150 ss.;
_cf._ “Milky Way”
Rosalia, 53;
_cf._ 57
Royal souls, 114;
_cf._ “Kings”
Sabazios, 35, 202, 204
Sacrifices for the dead, 50 ss.
Sage, god on earth, 14, 111 ss.
Sallust, 8
Salvation in mysteries, 34 ss.
Samos, 1
_Sanctus_, 111
San Francisco (museum), 183
Sarcophagi, 74, 85, 115, 149, 155;
_cf._ “Sculpture”
Saturn, 107, 131, 141, 187
Satyrs, 138
Scarbantia, 186
Scepticism, 17 ss., 28, 31
Science deifies, 208 ss.;
_cf._ “Gnosis”
Scipio’s tomb, 47;
Scipio’s dream, 32, 104
Sculpture (funeral), 85, 86, 117, 149, 151, 155 ss., 159, 165, 185 s.,
194, 201, 205;
_cf._ “Paintings,” “Sarcophagi”
Sea (death at), 129
Seals, 163
_Securi_ (dead), 55, 191;
_secura quies_, 194
Selene, 96 s.;
_cf._ “Moon”
Semites, 48, 79, 93 s., 103, 123;
_cf._ “Syrians”
Sendjerli, 204
Seneca, 8, 14, 22, 31, 83, 152, 179, 196
Serapis, 36 s., 39, 122 s., 202;
_cf._ “Osiris”
Servius, 60, passim
Sextus Empiricus, 161
Shade, 165 ss.;
and soul, 79;
shades receive or reject dead, 68, 86, n. 39, 134, 193, 204;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον,” “Umbra”
_Shahîd_, 142
_Sheol_, 4
Ship, see “Boat”
_Sideribus recepti_, 113
Sight of god, 121, 207;
_cf._ “Gnosis”
_Silicernium_, 53
_Simulacrum_, 166 s.;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον”
Sisiphus, 78, 84, 170, 181
_Sit tibi terra levis_, 46
Sleep of death, 10, 45, 49, 192
Smyrna, 140
Socrates, 131
Solar attraction, 160;
_cf._ “Rays,” “Sun”
Soldiers slain in battle, 142
_Somno aeterno_, 192
Soul a breath, 4, 7, 59, 164;
burning breath, 13 s., 24, 29, 87, 98, 161;
number, 24;
circular, 98;
a bird, 59, 93, 157 s.;
not immaterial, 118, 162;
physical nature, 164 ss.;
principle of movement, 110;
soul and shade, 79;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον;”
pollution, 29, 118, 162, 185;
division, 168;
related to God, 12, 111;
union with God, 42, 122 s.;
becomes star, 92 s.;
journey, 148 ss.;
triple ascension, 106;
passage through planets, 107;
garments of s., 106 ss.;
hierarchy of souls, 108 s., 213;
how represented, 165, 167;
_cf._ “Ghost,” “Shade,” “Spirit,” “Stars”
Spirit of Evil, 89, 175;
_cf._ “Ahriman”
Spirits of the dead, 46 s., 56 s.;
of murdered, 130;
_cf._ “Soul”
Stars and souls, 92 s., 94, 103 ss.;
shooting s., 92;
_invicti_, 117;
_cf._ “Comet”
Statius, 103
Stele, see “Sculpture”
Stoics, 12 ss., 21, 30 s., 33, 39, 46, 65, 77, 82, 87, 96, 98 s., 103,
113, 144, 179, 182, 195
Styx, 25, 75 s., 78, 80 s., 83 s., 134, 155, 193
Sublunary world, see “World”
Suetonius, 86, 130
Suicide, 143 ss.
Sun-god, 24, 86, 130;
_cf._ “Helios,” “Phoebus,” “Ra;”
and emperors, 157;
and eagle, 158;
psychopomp, 164;
star, 28, 100 s.;
new sun, 91;
heart of the world, 100;
reason of the world, 101, 107;
sun and souls, 94, 156 ss.;
_cf._ “Boat,” “Chariot”
_Suo die_, 133
Syncretism, see “Eclecticism”
Syria, 28, 40, 52, 73, 86, 92, 112, 131, 156 ss., 176, n. 11, 204 ss.;
Syrian cults, 37, 93, 96, 120 s.
_Taciti_ (Manes), 165
Tacitus, 18
Tages, 149
Tantalus, 9, 78, 84 s., 170, 181
Tartarus, 26, 27, 34, 75 s., 77, 79 s., 84 s., 171 ss., 175 s., 188;
_cf._ “Hades”
Taurobolium, 119
Tertullian, 55
Theodore the Atheist, 65
Theophanes, 146
Theseus, 171
Tiberius, 86
Tibullus, 191
Timaeus of Locri, 78
Tiresias, 74
Titans, 178
Titus, 142
Tityus, 9, 170, 181
Tivoli, 183
Tomb, a dwelling, 3, 46 ss., 56;
furniture, 49 s., 72;
garden, 57, 200;
placed on roads, 58;
antechamber of nether world, 70;
tombstone, see “Sculpture,” “Sarcophagi”
Torre San Severo (sarcophagus), 74
Trajan, 157
Transmigration, see “Metempsychosis”
Tritons, 186
Ulysses, 74, 180
_Umbra_, 79, 166 s.
Unburied, 64;
_cf._ “_Insepulti_”
Unctions, 119, 163
Untimely death, 128 ss., 136 ss.
Varro, 31
Vatinius, 22
Vegetarianism, 179
Vehicle of souls, 61, 169
Venus—star, 94, 107;
goddess, 104, 123, 187
Violation of tombs, 67 s.
Virgil, 31, 59, 66, 73, 82 s., 128 s., 139, 142, 152, 172, 174, 182,
184, 186, 210
Warriors, see “Soldiers”
Washing, see “Ablutions”
Water, heavenly, 185;
libation of w., 51;
_cf._ 202;
purification by w., see “Elements,” “Lustration”
Winds, 25, 60, 155, 161, 166, 185
Wine, 35, 52, 120, 203 ss., 211
Wizards, see “Magic”