+------+----------+---------+---------+
|Years.| England. |Scotland.| Ireland.|
+------+----------+---------+---------+
| | Bushels. | Bushels.| Bushels.|
|1834. |34,949,646|3,580,758|1,776,883|
|1835. |36,078,855|3,604,816|1,825,300|
|1836. |37,196,998|4,168,854|1,872,104|
| |
| Amount of Duties paid: |
| | _£_ | _£_ | _£_ |
|1834. | 4,449,745| 462,514| 229,514|
|1835. | 4,660,185| 465,622| 235,767|
|1836. | 4,804,612| 538,477| 241,813|
+------+----------+---------+---------+
[Illustration: 653 654 655]
MALT KILN; (_Darre_, Germ.) The improved malt kiln of Pistorius is
represented _fig._ 653. in a top view; _fig._ 654. in a longitudinal
view and section; and _fig._ 655., in transverse section. _a a_, are two
quadrangular smoke flues, constructed of fire-tiles, or fire-stones, and
covered with iron plates, over which a pent-house roof is laid; the
whole bound by the cross pieces _b_ (_figs._ 654, 655.) These flues are
built above a grating _c c_, which commences at _c´_; in front of _c´_
there is a bridge of bricks. Instead of such a brick flue covered with
plates, iron pipes may be used, covered with semi-cylindrical tiles, to
prevent the malt that may happen to fall from being burned. _d d_, are
the breast walls of the kiln, 3 feet high, furnished with two apertures
shut with iron doors, through which the malt that drops down may be
removed from time to time. _e_ is a beam of wood lying on the breast
wall, against which the hurdles are laid down slantingly towards the
back wall of the kiln; _f f_, are two vertical flues left in the
substance of the walls, through which the hot air, discharged by open
pipes laid in a subjacent furnace, rises into the space between the
pent-house roof and the iron plates, and is thence allowed to issue
through apertures in the sides. _g_ is the discharge flue in the back
wall of the kiln for the air now saturated with moisture; _h_ is the
smoke-pipe, from which the smoke passes into the anterior flue _a_,
provided with a slide-plate, for modifying the draught; the smoke thence
flows off through a flue fitted also with a damper-plate into the
chimney _i_. _k_ is the smoke-pipe of a subsidiary fire, in case no
smoke should pass through _h_. The iron pipes are 11 inches in diameter,
the air-flue _f_, 5 inches, and the smoke-pipe _h_, 10 inches square;
the brick flues 10 inches wide, and the usual height of bricks.
MALTHA; _Bitume Glutineux_, or mineral pitch. It is a soft glutinous
substance, with the smell of pitch. It dissolves in alcohol, but leaves
a bituminous residuum; as also in naphtha, and oil of turpentine. It
seems to be inspissated petroleum.
MANGANESE, (Eng. and Fr.; _Mangan_, _Braunsteinmetal_, Germ.) is a
grayish-white metal, of a fine-grained fracture, very hard, very
brittle, with considerable lustre, of spec. grav. 8·013, and requiring
for fusion the extreme heat of 160° Wedgewood. It should be kept in
closely stoppered bottles, under naphtha, like potassium, because with
contact of air it speedily gets oxidized, and falls into powder. It
decomposes water slowly at common temperatures, and rapidly at a red
heat. Pure oxide of manganese can be reduced to the metallic state only
in small quantities, by mixing it with lamp black and oil into a dough,
and exposing the mixture to the intense heat of a smith’s forge, in a
luted crucible; which must be shaken occasionally to favour the
agglomeration of the particles into a button. Thus procured, it
contains, however, a little carbon.