truncate or bidentate; underleaves smaller, more or less quadrate, bifid
or with 4--8 capillary lobes. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal on
the main stem or primary branches. Involucral leaves 2--4, large, often
spinulose; perianth triangular-prismatic, 3-lobed, ciliate or laciniate.
Calyptra short, obovate, at length lacerate above. Capsule
oblong-globose. Antheridia mostly solitary in or near the base of
ordinary leaves. (Name from [Greek: lo/phos], _a crest_, and [Greek:
koleo/s], _a sheath_, from the crested perianth.)
[*] _Underleaves mostly bifid (or 3--4-cleft in n. 1); divisions mostly
entire._
1. L. bidentata, Dumort. Stems 1--2' long, procumbent, sparsely
branching; leaves pale green, ovate-triangular, acutely 2-toothed, the
teeth oblique with a lunulate sinus; monoecious; perianth
oblong-triangular, lacinate; antheridia 2--3 in a cluster, axillary.--On
rocks in shady rills; not common. (Eu.)
2. L. Austini, Lindb. Creeping; leaves uniformly deeply lobed, the lobes
and usually the sinus acute; underleaves comparatively small, the lobes
subulate; cells small; monoecious; antheridia solitary in the upper
axils. (L. minor, _Aust._; not _Nees_.)--On roots of trees in woods
(_Austin_). Imperfectly known.
3. L. Macounii, Aust. Stems very short, prostrate, ascending at the
apex, densely radiculose; leaves suberect, ovate-subquadrate, 2-lobed
with obtuse lobes and sinus, or retuse or often entire; underleaves
light pink, deeply bifid, the setaceous lobes spreading-incurved;
monoecious; involucral leaves somewhat oblong, repandly 2--4-toothed at
the apex; perianth subobovate, slightly angled.--On logs, Little Falls,
N. Y. (_Austin_); Ont. (_Macoun_).
4. L. minor, Nees. Diffusely branching; leaves pale green,
oval-subquadrate, expanded, convex, slightly rigid, equally and acutely
bifid with a lunate sinus; underleaves {1/3} as large, deeply bifid, the
lanceolate lobes acuminate; dioecious; involucral leaves like the
cauline; perianth obtusely triangular-plicate at the apex. (L. crocata,
_Aust._; not _Nees_.)--On the ground and dry rocks in limestone regions
(_Austin_). (Eu.)
[*][*] _Divisions of the underleaves more or less dentate._
5. L. heterophylla, Nees. (Pl. 23.) Stems short, creeping or ascending,
much branched; leaves ovate-subquadrate, entire, retuse and bidentate on
the same stem; underleaves large, 2--3-cleft; involucral leaves lobed
and dentate; perianth terminal, the mouth crested.--On the ground and
rotten logs in woods and swamps; very common. (Eu.)
6. L. Hallii, Aust. Creeping, very slightly rooting; leaves subvertical,
oblong, cleft nearly to the middle with obtuse sinus and erect mostly
obtuse lobes; lower underleaves small, subequally 2-parted with an
obtuse sinus, the upper ones larger, with a single tooth on each side or
palmately 3--4-parted, the apical sublanceolate and narrowly bifid.--On
the ground, Ill. (_Hall_).
19. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Pl. 23.)
Leaves succubous, dorsally decurrent, mostly rounded and entire;
underleaves rooting at the base, usually deeply 2-cleft. Fruit terminal
on a very short lateral branch. Involucral leaves 2--6, the outer
smaller, the inner variously cut; perianth small, obconic or
campanulate, 3-angled and 3-lobed only at the apex, the lobes usually
spinose. Calyptra fleshy, subglobose or clavate. Capsule
oblong-globose. Antheridia in the saccate bases of stem-leaves. (Name
from [Greek: chei~los], _a lip_, and [Greek: sky/phos], _a bowl_, from
the form of the perianth.)
[*] _Underleaves 4-parted._
1. C. ascendens, Hook. & Wils. (Pl. 23.) Prostrate; leaves large, pale
green, ascending, roundish-oblong, slightly emarginate; involucral
leaves two, 2-cleft; perianth 2--3-lobed, the lobes long and irregularly
lacerate-toothed.--On rotten logs; rather common.
[*][*] _Underleaves bifid._
2. C. pallescens, Dumort. Procumbent, creeping; leaves flattened,
ovate-subquadrate, obtuse or retuse; underleaves ovate, distant, free;
involucral leaves two, 2-toothed; perianth deeply trifid, the
lobes spinose-dentate, mostly shorter than the conspicuous
calyptra.--Mountains of N. Eng. (_Oakes_).
3. C. polyanthos, Corda. Procumbent, creeping; leaves subascending,
ovate-subquadrate, truncate or subretuse; underleaves ovate-oblong,
distant, free; involucral leaves 2, slightly 2-toothed; perianth
3-lobed, the short lobes nearly entire, shorter than the calyptra.--Var.
RIVULARIS, Nees. Larger, more branching, succulent; leaves mostly
rounded above; underleaves often divided in halves or wanting.--On the
ground among mosses or on rotten logs, common; the variety in shaded
rills or still ponds. (Eu.)
20. PLAGIOCHILA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)
Leaves large, succubous, rounded or truncate above, dentate or spinose
or rarely entire, the dorsal margin reflexed; underleaves usually none.
Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal, or axillary by the growth of
offshoots. Involucral leaves larger than the cauline; perianth laterally
compressed, erect or decurved, obliquely truncate and bilabiate, the
lobes entire or ciliate-dentate. Capsule thick, oval. Elaters attached
to the middle of the valves. Antheridia oval, 2--3 in the axils of
spicate leaves. (Name from [Greek: pla/gios], _oblique_, and [Greek:
chei los], _lip_, from the form of the perianth.)
[*] _Underleaves 2--3-cleft, fugacious._
1. P. porelloides, Lindenb. Branches ascending; leaves subimbricate,
convex-gibbous, round-obovate, the uppermost repand-denticulate, the
rest entire, the dorsal margin reflexed; perianth terminal,
oblong-ovate, the mouth compressed, denticulate.--Among mosses in swamps
and river-bottoms; common.
2. P. interrupta, Dumort. (Pl. 24.) Prostrate, horizontally branched,
copiously rooting; leaves imbricate, horizontal, oval, entire or
slightly repand; underleaves lanceolate; perianth terminal, broadly
obconic, the mouth compressed, repand-crenulate. (P. macrostoma,
_Sulliv._)--Moist banks and decayed logs, N. Eng., Ohio, and northward.
(Eu.)
[*][*] _Underleaves wanting._
3. P. spinulosa, Dumort. Creeping, branches ascending; leaves remote,
obliquely spreading, obovate-cuneate, the dorsal margin reflexed,
entire, the ventral and apex spinulose-toothed; perianth rounded, at
length oblong, the mouth spinulose.--Shaded rocks in mountain regions;
rare. (Eu.)
4. P. asplenoides, Dumort. Branched, creeping or ascending; leaves
subimbricate, obliquely spreading, round-obovate, entire or denticulate,
the dorsal margin reflexed; perianth much exceeding the involucral
leaves, oblong, dilated at the truncate or ciliate apex.--In rocky
rivulets; common. (Eu.)
21. MYLIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 25.)
Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, circular, or ovate and pointed;
underleaves subulate. Dioecious. Fruit terminal or pseudaxillary.
Involucral leaves 2, clasping; perianth ovate-oblong, laterally
compressed above a subterete base, the apex at length bilabiate,
denticulate. Capsule ovate, coriaceous. Elaters free. Antheridia 2 in
the axils of bracts clustered near the apex of distinct branches. (Name
from _Mylius_, an early botanist.)
1. M. Taylori, S. F. Gray. Stems erect, nearly simple, radiculose;
leaves large, convex, orbicular, entire, purplish; cells large;
underleaves lance-subulate, entire or subdentate; perianth terminal,
oval; calyptra finally long-exserted. (Jungermannia Taylori,
_Hook._)--Wet rocks, high mountains of N. Eng. and N. Y. (Eu.)
22. HARPANTHUS, Nees. (Pl. 23.)
Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, ovate, emarginate; underleaves connate
with the leaves, ovate or lanceolate, 1-toothed at base. Dioecious.
Fruit on short shoots from the axils of the underleaves, finally
sublateral. Involucral leaves 2 or 4. Perianth terete, the lower half
thickened. Calyptra fleshy, confluent with the perianth for {2/3} its
length. Capsule oval. Antheridia 1 or 2 in the axils of bracts terminal
on slender branches. (Name from [Greek: a(/rpe] _a sickle_, and [Greek:
a)/nthos], _flower_.)
1. H. scutatus, Spruce. Stems filiform, decumbent, usually simple;
leaves smaller at the base and apex of the stems, roundish-ovate,
concave, sharply bidentate, the apex lunate or acute; underleaves large,
acuminate, involucral leaves two, 2--3-cleft, the upper adnate to the
perianth; perianth ovate, becoming obovate, obscurely 3--4-plicate,
splitting above on one side; capsule deep brown. (Jungermannia scutata,
_Weber._)--On rotten logs in damp places; common. (Eu.)
H. FLOTOVIANUS, Nees. (Pl. 23.) Stems flexuous, procumbent, mostly
unbranched; leaves ovate-orbicular, horizontal, the apex contracted and
emarginate with a shallow sinus; underleaves large, ovate or lanceolate,
obliquely inserted, entire or more often toothed on one or both sides
near the middle; dioecious; perianth subcylindric, slightly
sickle-shaped, the mouth pointed at first, notched on one side and
finally crenulate; antheridia elliptic, single in the base of swollen
leaves. (Pleuranthe olivacea, _Tayl._)--"North America" (_Drummond_),
but not collected recently; certainly extralimital.
23. LIOCHLAENA, Nees. (Pl. 25.)
Leaves succubous, ovate-oblong, entire or slightly retuse; underleaves
none. Dioecious or monoecious. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, like the
cauline; perianth pyriform, becoming cylindric, incurved, abruptly
rounded at the summit, the minute orifice prominently ciliolate. Capsule
oblong, long-exserted. Elaters attached to the middle of the valves.
Spores minute, globose. Antheridia in the axils of ordinary leaves.
Archegonia 5--12. (Name from [Greek: lei~os], _smooth_, and [Greek:
chlai na], _a cloak_, referring to the perianth.)
1. L. lanceolata, Nees. Closely creeping, branched; leaves sometimes
decurrent; involucral leaves vertical; perianth at right angles with the
stem; monoecious.--On banks and rotten logs; not rare. (Eu.)
24. JUNGERMANNIA, Micheli. (Pl. 25.)
Leaves succubous, rarely subtransverse, entire, lobed or dentate, the
margins never recurved; underleaves present or none. Dioecious or
monoecious. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves 4 or fewer, like the
cauline or more incised, free; perianth laterally compressed or terete,
usually 3--10-carinate, the usually small mouth entire or toothed.
Calyptra oval-pyriform. Capsule globose or oblong, rarely cylindric.
Spores minute, smooth or roughish. Archegonia 8--70. (Named for _L.
Jungermann_, a German botanist of the 17th century.)
Sec. 1. JUNGERMANNIA proper. _Leaves orbicular or ovate, entire or barely
retuse; underleaves none (very small in n. 1)._
1. J. Schraderi, Martius. (Pl. 25.) Creeping, flexuous; leaves
round-elliptic, entire, ascending; underleaves broadly subulate, not
apparent on old stems; involucral leaves large, elongated, the inner
smaller and more or less laciniate; perianth oval-obovate,
ascending.--On the ground and rotten logs; common. (Eu.)
2. J. sphaerocarpa, Hook. Stems creeping, the tips ascending, subsimple,
greenish; leaves semi-vertical, rather rigid, orbicular, obliquely
spreading, decurrent dorsally, pale green; involucral leaves separate;
perianth exserted, obovate-oblong, the mouth 4-cleft; capsule
globose.--Mountains of N. Eng. (_Austin_); rare. (Eu.)
3. J. pumila, With. Stems creeping, the tips somewhat ascending,
subsimple, rooting, pale; leaves ascending, ovate, obtuse, concave,
entire; involucral leaves like the cauline, erect; perianth terminal,
fusiform, plicate above and denticulate; capsule oval.--On shaded rocks
along rivulets, Closter, N. J. (_Austin_). (Eu.)
Sec. 2. LOPHOZIA. _Leaves roundish or subquadrate, bidentate, bifid, or
sometimes 3--5-cleft; underleaves none, or small and mostly 2-parted;
perianth usually strongly plicate._
[*] _Underleaves present._
[+] _Leaves bifid or 2-lobed._
4. J. Gillmani, Aust. Stems short, densely cespitose, prostrate,
strongly radiculose; leaves vertical, round-ovate, subconcave, bifid,
the lower leaves with usually acute sinus and lobes, the upper much
larger with rounded lobes and obtuse sinus; underleaves entire or the
broader bifid; perianth without involucral leaves, dorsal, sessile,
obovate, subgibbous, ciliate, at length much incised.--In a sandstone
cave, Traine Island, L. Superior (_Gillman_).
5. J. Wattiana, Aust. Stems rather thick, 2--4'' long, fragile,
subflexuose, strongly radiculose; leaves subvertical or spreading,
subovate, concave, emarginately 2-lobed, the lobes acute or the upper
obtuse; underleaves somewhat obsolete, hair-like or subulate, incurved;
involucral leaves little larger, less deeply lobed; perianth terminal,
small, ovate-gourd-shaped, whitish, ciliate.--On the ground, northern
shore of L. Superior (_Macoun_).
[+][+] _Leaves 3--5-cleft._
6. J. barbata, Schreb. (Pl. 25.) Procumbent, sparingly branched; leaves
roundish-quadrate, with obtuse, acute, or mucronulate lobes and obtuse
undulate sinuses; underleaves broad, entire or 2-toothed, sometimes
obsolete; perianth ovate, plicate-angled toward the apex,
denticulate.--On rocks in mountain regions; common. (Eu.)
Var. attenuata, Martius. Ascending, with numerous offshoots; stem-leaves
semi-vertical, obliquely spreading, roundish, acutely 2--4-toothed,
those of the shoots closely imbricate, premorsely 2--4-denticulate;
involucral leaves two, 3-toothed; perianth oblong.--In similar
localities. (Eu.)
7. J. setiformis, Ehrh. Erect or ascending, dichotomous; leaves toothed
at base, 3--4-cleft, the lobes ovate-oblong, acute, channelled;
underleaves ciliate-dentate at base, deeply bifid, the divisions
lanceolate, acuminate; involucral leaves more toothed than the cauline;
perianth terminal, oval, plicate.--Alpine summits of N. H. (_Oakes_).
(Eu.)
[*][*] _Underleaves wanting._
[+] _Leaves 2-toothed; involucral leaves 2--4-cleft._
8. J. alpestris, Schleich. Stems creeping, crowded, bifid-branching, the
ends ascending; leaves semi-vertical, ovate subquadrate, obliquely
toothed, the teeth unequal, acute or mucronulate, distant; involucral
leaves wider, 2--3-cleft; perianth twice as long, oblong, smooth, the
mouth complicate; capsule oval.--Alpine region of N. H. (_Oakes_). (Eu.)
9. J. ventricosa, Dicks. Stems dense, close-creeping, branching from
beneath; leaves semi-vertical, subquadrate, mostly flat, broadly and
acutely emarginate-bidentate, often bearing globules; involucral leaves
larger, round, erect-spreading, 3--4-cleft, subdentate; perianth ovate,
inflated, narrowly complicate above; capsule oval.--On the ground and
rotten wood in the mountains, and far northward; common. (Eu.)
10. J. Wallrothiana, Nees. Minute, blackish; stems creeping, strongly
rooting, subsimple; leaves clasping, semi-vertical, closely imbricate,
ovate-quadrate, concave, obtusely bidentate with an obtuse sinus, or
acute in the upper leaves; involucral leaves larger, erect, connate at
base, 3-toothed, wavy-plicate; perianth oval-cylindric, plicate and
subdentate, pellucid, reddish below.--On coarse sand in the White Mts.
(_Oakes_). (Eu.)
[+][+] _Leaves bifid or 2-lobed, the ventral lobe often inflexed or
subcomplicate; involucral leaves merely toothed, except in n. 11._
11. J. laxa, Lindb. Widely creeping, mostly simple, usually
purplish-black; leaves imbricate, or distant on the erect fertile stems,
2--3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, wavy; cells very large, lax; involucral
leaves 2, wide, short, cristate-undulate, obtusely many-lobed; perianth
exserted, long-clavate, sub-plicate above, minutely ciliate. (J. polita,
_Aust._; not _Nees._)--Among Sphagnum near Closter, N. J. (_Austin_).
12. J. excisa, Dicks. Stems closely creeping, short, subsimple, rather
rigid; leaves semi-vertical, erect-spreading, pellucid, roundish, with
straight acute lobes and deep obtuse sinus; involucral leaves erect,
quadrate, usually 4--5-toothed; perianth erect, oblong, pale, banded and
spotted with pink, plicate above, irregularly denticulate.--Sterile
grounds in open woods; common. (Eu.)
Var. crispa, Hook. Leaves round-quadrate, closely imbricate, deeply and
obtusely 2--3-cleft; involucral leaves 3--4-cleft, connate at base,
subserrate. (J. intermedia, _Lindenb._)--In crevices of rocks, N. Y.
and N. J. (_Austin_). (Eu.)
13. J. incisa, Schrad. Stems thick, rooting, closely creeping or
ascending; leaves crowded, semi-vertical, complicate, subquadrate,
2--6-cleft, the acute lobes unequal, more or less spinulose-dentate;
involucral leaves similar, more plicate and dentate, free; perianth
short, oval or obovate, plicate above, denticulate.--On rotten wood in
the mountains, and northward. (Eu.)
Sec. 3. SPHENOLOBUS. _Leaves 2-lobed, subtransverse, complicate-concave;
underleaves none; involucral leaves 2--3-cleft._ (Verging toward
Marsupella on one side and Diplophyllum on the other.)
14. J. Michauxii, Weber. Stems ascending, flexuous by repeated
innovations below the summit; leaves crowded, subvertical,
erect-spreading, subsaccate at base, subquadrate, bifid with straight
acute lobes and a narrow sinus; involucral leaves similar, the outer
serrulate, the inner smaller; perianth ovate-subclavate, obtuse, plicate
above, fringed.--Fallen trunks, mountains of N. Y. and N. Eng.; common.
(Eu.)
15. J. minuta, Crantz. Rootless; leaves cleft 1/4--1/2 their length, the
lobes ovate, subequal, acute or obtuse, entire, or gemmiparous ones
subdentate; involucral leaves trifid; perianth oval-oblong or
subcylindric.--On rocks in high mountain regions, and northward. (Eu.)
16. J. Helleriana, Nees. (Pl. 25.) Creeping, entangled; leaves
spreading, subascending, cleft {1/3}--1/2 their length, the lobes equal,
acute, entire or serrate; involucral leaves 2--3-cleft, spinulose
serrate; perianth ovate, the mouth contracted.--On rotten wood, N. Y.,
N. Eng., and northward. (Eu.)
Sec. 4. GYMNOCOLEA. _Leaves 2-lobed; underleaves none; involucral leaves
like the cauline; perianth pedunculate, denticulate._
17. J. inflata, Huds. (Pl. 25.) Procumbent or ascending, loosely
radiculose, branching; leaves semi-vertical, roundish-elliptic,
inequilateral, the sinus and unequal lobes obtuse; perianth terminal or
at length dorsal, oval or pyriform, smooth, the mouth connivent; capsule
oblong.--On sterile ground and rocks, N. J. (_Austin_), and northward in
the mountains. (Eu.)
25. MARSUPELLA, Dumort. (Pl. 23.)
Stems dorsally compressed, with rootlets at the base and often producing
somewhat leafless runners. Leaves transverse, complicate-bilobed;
involucral leaves 2 or 4, connate with the perianth. Perianth tubular or
oval, subcompressed parallel to the base of the leaves. Elaters free.
Spores round, rufous (in our species). Antheridia mostly terminal. (Name
a diminutive of _marsupium_, a pouch, from the form of the perianth.)
1. M. sphacelata, Dumort. Stems erect, subflexuous, pale brown; leaves
rather distant, concave, obovate to obcordate, somewhat clasping, the
sinus narrow; dioecious; involucral leaves larger than the cauline,
cordate; perianth free at the apex, with 4--5 broad acute teeth;
antheridia 1--3, in short terminal spikes.--Wet rocks, mountains of
N. Eng. to N. J., and southward. (Eu.)
2. M. emarginata, Dumort. (Pl. 23.) Stems simple or innovating at the
summit, rigid, somewhat thickened upward; leaves usually broader than
long, round-cordate or subquadrate, lobes obtuse or mucronate, sinus
acute; dioecious; involucral leaves 4--8, usually larger, more deeply
and acutely emarginate; perianth urceolate, the closed apex splitting
into 4--5 triangular lobes; antheridia 2--3, oval, axillary in terminal
spikes. (Sarcoscyphus Ehrharti, _Corda._)--On wet rocks, chiefly in
mountain rivulets, N. Y. and N. Eng. Floating forms are longer with
distant leaves. (Eu.)
3. M. adusta, Spruce. Stems minute, clavate; leaves (5--8 pairs)
imbricate, round or broadly ovate from a sheathing base, acutely lobed
with angular sinus; monoecious; perianth included, campanulate, crenate
becoming irregularly lobed; spores punctate; antheridia 1 or 2, oval, in
the axils of the lower involucral leaves. (Gymnomitrium adustum,
_Nees._)--Alpine region of the White Mts. (_Oakes, Austin_). (Eu.)
26. NARDIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 25)
Stems laterally compressed, usually without runners. Leaves succubous,
subconcave or flat, the apex rounded, rarely retuse or bidentate;
underleaves none (in our species). Monoecious or dioecious. Involucral
leaves 2--4 pairs, connate at base. Perianth subcompressed laterally,
connate with the involucral leaves. Antheridia terminal on somewhat
spike-like stems. (Named for _S. Nardi_, an Italian abbot.)
Sec. 1. EUCALYX. _Perianth connate at base with the inner involucral
leaves, somewhat surpassing them, 3--8-carinate, the mouth constricted._
1. N. hyalina, Carring. Creeping, with ascending tips, the branches
dichotomous-fastigiate, with claret-colored rootlets; leaves loosely
imbricate, decurrent, roundish, repand-undulate; monoecious or
dioecious; involucral leaves broader, appressed, one connate with the
lower third of the perianth, which is somewhat exserted, obovate,
plicate with acute rough angles, rostellate, at length 4-cleft; capsule
round-ovate. (Jungermannia hyalina, _Lyell_.)--On banks in woods,
Closter, N. J. (_Austin_), Ohio (_Lesquereux_). (Eu.)
2. N. crenulata, Lindb. (Pl. 25.) Prostrate, branching; leaves
orbicular, entire, larger toward the involucre and with large marginal
cells; dioecious; involucral leaves 2, rarely 3, adnate to the base of
the perianth, which is flattened or terete, more or less regularly
4--5-plicate, the angles smooth; mouth much contracted, toothed.
(Jungermannia crenulata, _Smith_.)--On the ground in old fields, N. Y.
and southward. (Eu.)
3. N. crenuliformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose; fertile stems creeping,
thickened upward, with numerous purple rootlets, the sterile
subascending, attenuate upward; leaves subdecurrent, obliquely
spreading, orbicular, concave, entire or nearly so; perianth small,
subobovate, more or less connate with the involucral leaves, not
exserted or slightly so, rooting at base, triquetrous above, becoming
4--7-plicate; calyptra often violet-purple; capsule oval-globose.
(Jungermannia crenuliformis, _Aust._)--On rocks in rivulets, Closter,
N. J. (_Austin_), Coshocton Co., Ohio (_Sullivant_).
4. N. biformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose, much branched, innovating from
beneath; rootlets numerous; leaves scarcely imbricate, alternate,
spreading, obliquely semicircular or broadly ovate, retuse or entire,
decurrent dorsally; cells large, hyaline; branch-leaves half as large,
ovate or obovate, scarcely decurrent; dioecious; antheridia solitary;
fruit unknown. (Jungermannia biformis, _Aust._)--On steep wet rocks,
Delaware Water Gap, N. J. (_Austin_).
Sec. 2. CHASCOSTOMA. _Perianth exserted, subcampanulate and open, deeply
laciniate, connate with the involucral leaves._
5. N. fossombronioides, Lindb. Stems densely cespitose, ascending;
rootlets numerous, purple; leaves 2-ranked, subvertical,
spreading-subrecurved, rooting, closely imbricate, orbicular, clasping
by a slightly cordate base, subventricose, undulate-repand, the apex
uniplicate and slightly emarginate; monoecious; perianth very large,
6--10-plicate, the lobes entire; calyptra violet; capsule short-oval.
(Jungermannia fossombronioides, _Aust._)--On rocks in a rivulet,
Closter, N. J. (_Austin_), and southward.
27. GYMNOMITRIUM, Corda. (Pl. 23.)
Leaves closely imbricated, 2-ranked on fascicled ascending julaceous
stems, emarginate-bidentate; underleaves none. Dioecious. Involucre
double, the inner shorter, of 2 or more dentate and deeply cleft leaves.
Calyptra short, campanulate. Capsule globose, the valves at length
reflexed. Elaters caducous. Antheridia in the axils of leaves, oval,
stipitate. (Name from [Greek: gymno/s], _naked_, and [Greek: mitri/on],
_a little cap_.)