with a conical base_ (7--9'' broad), coarsely scaly, covering half or
more of the _broadly or globular-ovoid acorn_, the scales somewhat
appressed and glabrate, or in western localities yellowish-canescent and
squarrose as in var. tinctoria; leaves in the ordinary forms, at least
on full-grown trees, bright green, shining above, turning red in autumn,
deeply pinnatifid, the slender lobes divergent and sparingly
cut-toothed; buds small; acorns 6--9'' long; bark of the trunk gray, the
interior reddish.--Moist or dry soil; common, from S. Maine to Del.,
Minn., N. Mo., and south in the mountains.
Var. tinctoria, Gray. (QUERCITRON, YELLOW-BARKED, or BLACK OAK.) Leaves
with broader undivided lobes, commonly paler and somewhat pubescent
beneath, turning brownish, orange, or dull red in autumn; cup-scales
large and loosely imbricated or squarrose when dry, yellowish gray,
pubescent; bark of trunk darker-colored and rougher on the surface,
thicker, and internally orange, much more valuable for the tanner and
dyer; buds longer and more pointed; cup sometimes less top-shaped. (Q.
tinctoria, _Bartram_.)--Dry or gravelly uplands, S. Maine to S. Minn.,
E. Neb. and Tex. Intermediate forms connect this with the type. The bark
is largely used in tanning.
Var. ambigua, Gray. (GRAY OAK.) Found along our northeastern borders to
Lake Champlain and northward, figured and briefly characterized by
Michaux as with the foliage of Q. rubra and the fruit of Q. coccinea. It
was considered by Dr. Engelmann as a form of Q. rubra with cups
hemispherical or even turbinate.
13. Q. palustris, Du Roi. (SWAMP SPANISH or PIN OAK.) _Cup
flat-saucer-shaped_, sometimes contracted into a short scaly base or
stalk, fine-scaled (5--7'' broad), _very much shorter than the usually
globose or depressed acorn_, which is 5--7'' long; leaves deeply
pinnatifid with divergent lobes and broad rounded sinuses.--Low grounds;
rather common, from Mass. to Del. and Md., west to Minn., E. Kan., and
Ark.
[+][+] _Mature leaves soft-downy beneath; cup saucer-shaped, with a
somewhat top-shaped base, about half the length of the fully developed
small acorn._
14. Q. falcata, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) _Leaves grayish-downy or fulvous
underneath_, obtuse or rounded at base, _3--5-lobed above_ (sometimes
entire); _the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow and more or less
scythe-shaped_, especially the terminal one, entire or sparingly
cut-toothed; acorn globose, 4--5'' long.--Dry or sandy soil, Long Island
to Fla., and from S. Ind. to Mo. and Tex. A large or small tree,
extremely variable in foliage; bark excellent for tanning.
15. Q. ilicifolia, Wang. (BEAR or BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) _Dwarf_ (3--8 deg.
high), straggling; _leaves_ (2--4' long) thickish, _obovate,
wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5- (3--7-) lobed, white-downy
beneath_; lobes short and triangular, spreading; acorn ovoid, globular,
5--6'' long.--Sandy barrens and rocky hills, N. Eng. to Ohio and Ky.
[*][*] _Leaves entire or with a few teeth (or somewhat 3--5-lobed at the
summit), coriaceous, commonly bristle-pointed; acorns globular, small
(not over 6'' long)._
[+] _Leaves thick, widening or often much dilated upward and more or
less sinuate or somewhat 3--5-lobed; acorns globular-ovoid._
16. Q. aquatica, Walter. (WATER-OAK.) _Leaves glabrous and shining,
obovate-spatulate or narrowly wedge-form, with a long tapering base_ and
an often obscurely 3-lobed summit, varying to oblanceolate; cup
saucer-shaped or hemispherical.--Wet grounds, around ponds, etc., Del.
to the Gulf, and from Ky. and Mo. to Tex.--Tree 30--40 deg. high; running
into many varieties, especially southward; the leaves on seedlings and
strong shoots often incised or sinuate-pinnatifid; then mostly
bristle-pointed.
17. Q. nigra, L. (BLACK-JACK or BARREN OAK.) _Leaves broadly
wedge-shaped_, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate at the base,
_widely dilated_ and somewhat 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed) at the summit,
occasionally with one or two lateral conspicuously bristle-tipped lobes
or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, shining above, large (4--9' long);
_cup top-shaped_, coarse-scaly; acorn short-ovoid.--Dry sandy barrens,
or heavy clay soil, Long Island to S. Minn., E. Neb., and southward. A
small tree (sometimes 30--40 deg. high), of little value.
[+][+] _Leaves not dilated upward, generally entire; acorn globose._
18. Q. imbricaria, Michx. (LAUREL or SHINGLE OAK.) _Leaves
lanceolate-oblong_, thickish, smooth, and _shining above, downy
underneath, the down commonly persistent_; cup between saucer-shaped and
top-shaped.--Rich woodlands, Penn. to Ga., west to S. Wisc., Iowa,
E. Neb., and N. Ark.--Tree 30--90 deg. high. The specific name is in
allusion to its early use for shingles.
19. Q. Phellos, L. (WILLOW-OAK.) _Leaves linear-Lanceolate, narrowed to
both ends, soon glabrous_, light green (3--4' long); cup
saucer-shaped.--Bottom lands or rich sandy uplands, Staten Island to N.
Fla., west to S. Ky., Mo., and Tex.
In addition to the above, the following hybrids have been recognized:--
Q. ALBA x MACROCARPA; N. Ill. (_Bebb_); central Ill. (_Hall_).
Q. ALBA x STELLATA; N. Ill. (_Bebb_); D. C. (_Vasey_); S. C.
(_Mellichamp_).
Q. ALBA x PRINUS; near Washington, D. C. (_Vasey._)
Q. IMBRICARIA x NIGRA (Q. tridentata, _Engelmann_); S. Ill.
(_Engelmann_).
Q. IMBRICARIA x PALUSTRIS; Mo. (_Engelmann_).
Q. IMBRICARIA x COCCINEA (Q. Leana, _Nutt._); Ohio to Mo., and near
Washington, D. C.
Q. PHELLOS x RUBRA (?) or COCCINEA (?) (Q. heterophylla, _Michx._);
Staten Island and N. J. to Del. and N. C. (BARTRAM'S OAK.)
Q. PHELLOS x NIGRA (Q. Rudkini, _Britt._); N. J. (_Rudkin_).
Q. ILICIFOLIA x COCCINEA (?); Uxbridge, Mass. (_Robbins._)
7. CASTANEA, Tourn. CHESTNUT.
Sterile flowers interruptedly clustered in long and naked cylindrical
catkins; calyx mostly 6-parted; stamens 8--20; filaments slender;
anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers few, usually 3 together in an ovoid
scaly prickly involucre; calyx with a 6-lobed border crowning the
3--7-celled 6--14-ovuled ovary; abortive stamens 5--12; styles linear,
exserted, as many as the cells of the ovary; stigmas small. Nuts
coriaceous, ovoid, enclosed 2--3 together or solitary in the hard and
thick very prickly 4-valved involucre. Cotyledons very thick,
somewhat plaited, cohering together, remaining underground in
germination.--Leaves strongly straight-veined, undivided. Flowers
appearing later than the leaves, cream-color; the catkins axillary near
the end of the branches, wholly sterile or the upper ones androgynous
with the fertile flowers at the base. (The classical name, from that of
a town in Thessaly.)
1. C. sativa, Mill., var. Americana. (CHESTNUT.) A large tree, _leaves
oblong-lanceolate, pointed_, serrate with coarse pointed teeth, acute at
base, when mature _smooth and green both sides_; nuts 2 or 3 in each
involucre, therefore flattened on one or both sides, very sweet. (C.
vesca, var., of the Manual.)--Rocky woods and hillsides, S. Maine to
Del., along the mountains to N. Ala., and west to S. Mich., S. Ind., and
Tenn.
2. C. pumila, Mill. (CHINQUAPIN.) A spreading shrub or small tree;
_leaves oblong, acute_, serrate with pointed teeth, _whitened-downy
beneath_; involucres small, often spiked; the ovoid pointed nut scarcely
half as large as a common chestnut, very sweet, solitary, not
flattened.--Rich hillsides and borders of swamps, S. Penn. to Fla., west
to S. Ind. and Tex.
8. FAGUS, Tourn. BEECH.
Sterile flowers in small heads on drooping peduncles, with deciduous
scale-like bracts; calyx bell-shaped, 5--7-cleft; stamens 8--16;
filaments slender; anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers usually in pairs at
the apex of a short peduncle, invested by numerous awl-shaped bractlets,
the inner coherent at base to form the 4-lobed involucre; calyx-lobes 6,
awl shaped; ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 3,
thread-like, stigmatic along the inner side. Nuts sharply 3-sided,
usually 2 in each urn-shaped and soft-prickly coriaceous involucre,
which divides to below the middle into 4 valves. Cotyledons thick,
folded and somewhat united; but rising and expanding in
germination.--Trees, with a close and smooth ash-gray bark, a light
horizontal spray, and undivided strongly straight-veined leaves, which
are open and convex in the tapering bud and plaited on the veins.
Flowers appearing with the leaves, the yellowish staminate flowers from
the lower, the pistillate from the upper axils of the leaves of the
season. (The classical Latin name, from [Greek: pha/go], _to eat_, in
allusion to the esculent nuts.)
1. F. ferruginea, Ait. (AMERICAN BEECH.) Tree 75--100 deg. high; leaves
oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, distinctly and often coarsely toothed;
petioles and midrib soon nearly naked; prickles of the fruit mostly
recurved or spreading.--N. Scotia to Fla., west to Wisc., E. Ill., Mo.,
and Tex.
ORDER 104. SALICACEAE. (WILLOW FAMILY.)
_Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of flowers in catkins, one
to each bract, without perianth; the fruit a 1-celled and 2--4-valved
pod, with 2--4 parietal or basal placentae, bearing numerous seeds
furnished with long silky down._--Style usually short or none; stigmas
2, often 2-lobed. Seeds ascending, anatropous, without albumen.
Cotyledons flattened.--Leaves alternate, undivided, with scale-like and
deciduous, or else leaf-like and persistent, stipules. Wood soft and
light; bark bitter.
1. Salix. Bracts entire. Flowers with small glands, disks none. Stamens
few. Stigmas short. Buds with a single scale.
2. Populus. Bracts lacerate. Flowers with a broad or cup-shaped disk.
Stamens numerous. Stigmas elongated. Buds scaly.
1. SALIX, Tourn. WILLOW. OSIER. (By M. S. BEBB, Esq.)
Bracts (_scales_) of the catkins entire. Sterile flowers of 3--10,
mostly 2, distinct or united stamens, accompanied by 1 or 2 small
glands. Fertile flowers also with a small flat gland at the base of the
ovary; stigmas short.--Trees or shrubs, generally growing along streams,
with terete and lithe branches. Leaves mostly long and pointed, entire
or glandularly toothed. Buds covered by a single scale, with an inner
adherent membrane (separating in n. 14). Catkins appearing before or
with the leaves. (The classical Latin name.)
Sec. 1. _Aments borne on short lateral leafy branchlets; scales yellowish,
falling before the capsules mature; filaments hairy below, all free;
style very short or obsolete; stigmas thick, notched. Trees or large
shrubs; leaves taper-pointed._
[*] _Leaves closely serrate with inflexed teeth; capsules glabrous._
[+] _Stamens 3--5 or more._
[++] _Trees 15--50 deg. high, with rough bark and slender twigs; no petiolar
glands; sterile aments elongated, narrowly cylindrical; flowers somewhat
remotely subverticillate; scales entire, short and rounded,
crisp-villous on the inside._
1. S. nigra, Marsh. (BLACK WILLOW.) _Leaves narrowly lanceolate, very
long-attenuate from near the roundish or acute base to the usually
curved tip_, often downy when young, at length _green and glabrous_
except the petiole and midrib; stipules large, semicordate, pointed and
persistent, or small, ovoid and deciduous; fruiting aments (11/2--3' long)
more or less dense; capsules ovate-conical, shortly pedicelled.--Banks
of streams and lakes, bending over the water; common.--Var. FALCATA,
Torr. Leaves narrower and scythe-shaped--Var. WARDI, Bebb. Leaves
broader, often 1' wide, glaucous and veined beneath; stipules large,
round-reniform; aments long, loosely flowered; capsules globose-conical,
long-pedicelled. Rocky islands of the Potomac (_Ward_); Falls of the
Ohio (_Short_); Mo. The leaves alone are easily mistaken for those of
n. 14.--A hybrid of this species with S. alba, var. vitellina, is found
in Wayne Co., N. Y. (_E. L. Hankenson_).
2. S. amygdaloides, Anders. _Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate_,
2--4' long, attenuate-cuspidate, _pale or glaucous beneath; petioles
long and slender_; stipules minute, very early deciduous; _fertile
aments becoming very loose in fruit_ from the lengthening of the slender
pedicels.--Central N. Y. (_Dudley_) to Mo.; common westward.
[++][++] _A shrub or small bushy tree, 6--15 deg. high, with smooth bark and
rather stout polished twigs; petioles glandular; sterile aments thick,
oblong-cylindrical, densely flowered; stamens commonly 5; scales
dentate, hairy at base, smooth above._
3. S. lucida, Muhl. (SHINING W.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrower,
tapering to a very long acuminate point, at length coriaceous, smooth
and shining both sides; stipules small, oblong; fruiting aments often
persistent, the capsules becoming rigid and polished, as in the nearly
allied S. pentandra of Europe.--Banks of streams, N. Eng. to Penn., west
and northward. A beautiful species on account of its showy staminate
aments and large glossy leaves.
[+][+] _Stamens mostly 2; capsules subsessile or very shortly
pedicelled; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate._
S. FRAGILIS, L. (CRACK WILLOW.) _Leaves green and glabrous_, pale or
glaucous beneath, 3--6' long; stipules when present half-cordate;
stamens rarely 3--4; _capsule long-conical, shortly pedicelled_.--A tall
and handsome tree, which was planted at an early day about Boston and
elsewhere.--The var. DECIPIENS, Smith, with yellowish-white or crimson
twigs, buds black in winter, and smaller and brighter green leaves,
ought perhaps to be excluded, the plant so named by Barratt, etc., being
one of the hybrids mentioned below. (Adv. from Eu.)
S. ALBA, L. (WHITE W.) _Leaves ashy-gray or silky-white on both
sides_, except when old, 2--4' long; stipules ovate-lanceolate,
deciduous; capsules ovate-conical, sessile or nearly so.--Var. CAERULEA,
Koch; twigs olive; old leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, dull bluish
green.--Var. VITELLINA, Koch; twigs yellow or reddish; old leaves
glabrous above.--A familiar tree of rapid growth, attaining a height of
50--80 deg. The typical form, with olive twigs and old leaves silky on both
sides, is rarely found with us, but the var. VITELLINA is common. Pure
S. FRAGILIS is also scarce, but a host of hybrids between the two,
representing S. viridis, _Fries_, S. Russelliana, _Smith_, etc., are the
commonest of introduced willows. These forms are rendered almost
inextricable by a further cross, by no means rare, with our native S.
lucida. (Adv. from Eu.)
S. BABYLONICA, Tourn. (WEEPING W.) Extensively planted for ornament, and
in some places widely spread along river-banks and lake-shores by the
drifting of detached limbs. (Adv. from Eu.)
[*][*] _Leaves remotely denticulate with projecting teeth; stamens 2;
capsule glabrous or silky._
4. S. longifolia, Muhl. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2--4' long, tapering
at each end, nearly sessile, more or less silky when young, at length
smooth and green both sides; stipules small, lanceolate, deciduous;
aments linear-cylindric, often clustered at the ends of the branchlets;
capsule shortly pedicelled; stigmas large, sessile.--Found sparingly
along the Atlantic coast from Maine to the Potomac; common westward. A
shrub, rooting extensively in alluvial deposits and forming dense
clumps. This species is a peculiar American type, and exceedingly
variable; the earliest leaves after germination pinnately lobed.
Sec. 2. _Aments lateral or terminal, with or without bracts; scales
persistent, colored at the tip; stamens 2 (usually 1 in n. 19), with
glabrous filaments (united and hairy in_ S. purpurea); _shrubs or small
trees._
[*] _Capsules tomentose._
[+] _Pedicels 3--6 times the length of the gland; style medium or none._
[++] _Large shrubs or small trees (8--15 deg. high); leaves obovate or
elliptic-lanceolate, 2--4' long, acute or acuminate, more or less
obscurely and irregularly serrate, thin becoming rigid, glaucous
beneath; fertile aments oblong-cylindric, 2--3' long, loosely flowered._
5. S. rostrata, Richardson. _Leaves dull green and downy above_, stoutly
veined and _soft-hairy beneath_, serrate, crenate or subentire; stipules
when present semi-cordate, toothed, acute; _aments appearing with the
leaves_, the sterile narrowed at base, pale yellow; capsules tapering to
a very long slender beak; _pedicels thread-like, much exceeding the
pale, rose-tipped, linear, thinly villous scales_; style scarcely any;
stigma-lobes entire or deeply parted. (S. livida, var. occidentalis,
_Gray_.)--Moist or dry ground, N. Eng. to Penn., and far west and
northward. Not spreading from the root but having rather the habit of a
small tree, with a distinct trunk.
6. S. discolor, Muhl. (GLAUCOUS W.) _Leaves smooth and bright green
above, soon smooth beneath_, irregularly crenate-serrate, the serratures
remote at base, closer, finer and becoming obsolete toward the point;
stipules 1/2' long or more, and sharply toothed, or small and nearly
entire; _aments closely sessile, thick, oblong-cylindrical_, 1' long or
more, _appearing before the leaves_ in earliest spring; _scales dark red
or brown, becoming black, copiously clothed with long glossy hairs_;
style short but distinct.--Var. ERIOCEPHALA, Anders. Aments more densely
flowered and more silvery silky; leaves sometimes retaining a
ferruginous pubescence beneath even when fully grown.--Var. PRINOIDES,
Anders. Aments more loosely flowered, less silky; capsules more thinly
tomentose; style longer; stigma-lobes laciniate; leaves narrower. (S.
prinoides, _Pursh._) Includes narrow-leaved forms of the type, and
others which are probably hybrids with S. cordata.--Low meadows and
river-banks, common. The just expanding leaves are often overspread with
evanescent ferruginous hairs.
[++][++] _Upland grayish shrubs, 1--8 deg. high; leaves oblanceolate,
pointed, the lowest obtuse, downy above becoming glabrate, beneath
glaucous, rugose-veined and softly tomentose, the margin revolute,
undulate-entire; aments ovoid or oblong, closely sessile, appearing
before the leaves, naked at base; capsules rather shortly pedicelled,
greenish or reddish, spreading; scales dark red or brownish; style
distinct; stigmas bifid._
7. S. humilis, Marsh. (PRAIRIE W.) _Leaves oblanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate_, the lowest obovate; _stipules medium-sized_,
semi-ovate, entire or oftener toothed; _petioles distinct_; aments often
recurved, about 1' long.--Dry plains and barrens, common. A shrub, 3--8 deg.
high, varying much in the size and shape of the leaves. Hybrids with
n. 6 have equally broad and large but duller green leaves, softly
tomentose beneath and with shorter petioles, the aments equally thick
but usually recurved, and the capsules on shorter pedicels. Small forms
apparently pass into the next.
8. S. tristis, Ait. (DWARF GRAY W.) _Leaves small_ (1--2' long),
_crowded, linear-oblanceolate_, tapering to a _very short petiole;
stipules minute, deciduous_; aments very small, globular or oval, about
1/2' long in fruit.--Sandy plains or on the borders of hillside thickets,
common. A tufted shrub, 1--11/2 deg. high, rising from a strong large root.
[++][++][++] _Low shrubs, 3--10 deg. high, of cold swamps, with slender
yellowish or reddish twigs; leaves lanceolate, smooth above, glaucous
beneath and covered when young with appressed silvery-silky hairs;
aments (especially the fertile) with a few leafy bracts at base; capsule
pedicelled, silvery-silky; stigmas bifid._
[=] _Shrubs of lowland swamps; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2--3' long,
taper-pointed, finely and evenly serrate; stipules linear or
semi-cordate, deciduous; aments sessile or in fruit slightly peduncled;
style very short._
9. S. sericea, Marsh. (SILKY W.) Leaves at first (principally beneath)
very silky, turning black in drying; aments narrowly cylindrical, the
fertile densely flowered; capsule short-pedicelled, ovate-oblong, rather
obtuse.--Common, but more prevalent from the region of the Great Lakes
eastward.
10. S. petiolaris, Smith. Leaves only slightly silky when young, soon
smooth, with less tendency to blacken in drying; fertile aments
ovoid-cylindric, in fruit broad and loose from the lengthening of the
pedicels; capsule rostrate from an ovate base, rather acute.--Var.
GRACILIS, Anders., has extremely loose aments, and very long-pedicelled
attenuate-rostrate capsules.--Common, but more prevalent from the Great
Lakes westward. This species, like the preceding, hybridizes freely with
S. cordata.
[=][=] _Alpine shrub; leaves 1--2' long, repand-crenate; stipules
minute, fugacious; aments leafy-peduncled; style distinct._
11. S. argyrocarpa, Anders. Leaves tapering evenly to both ends, acute,
or the earliest obovate and obtuse, at length rigid, the margin slightly
revolute; petiole short; fruiting ament short (about 1' long), loosely
flowered; capsule tapering, densely silky-silvery; gland of the
staminate flower variously doubled.--Moist alpine ravines in a few
limited localities on or near Mt. Washington, N. H.; also in Lower
Canada and Lab. A bushy branched shrub, erect or depressed at base,
1--2 deg. high, growing in wide dense patches. A hybrid with n. 13 was
detected by Mr. _E. Faxon_ in Tuckerman's ravine (its leaves collected
by Dr. Gray as early as 1842!), appearing like a large form of the
species with the aments of S. phylicifolia.
[+][+] _Pedicels twice the length of the gland; style elongated._
12. S. candida, Willd. (SAGE W. HOARY W.) Leaves lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, 2--4' long, taper-pointed or the lowest obtuse,
rather rigid, downy above, becoming glabrate, _beneath covered with a
dense white tomentum_, the revolute margin subentire; _stipules
lanceolate, about as long as the petioles_; aments cylindrical, densely
flowered, 2' long in fruit; anthers red; the dark gland elongated;
capsule densely white-woolly; style dark red; stigmas short, spreading,
notched.--Cold bogs, N. Eng. and N. J. to Iowa, and northward.--A hoary
shrub 2--5 deg. high; young shoots white-woolly, the older red. Two
beautiful hybrids, with n. 10 and n. 14, have been found near Flint,
Mich. (_Dr. Clarke_).
13. S. phylicifolia, L. Leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic,
somewhat equally pointed or obtuse at both ends, remotely and minutely
repand-toothed, 2--3' long, _very smooth on both sides_, dark green and
shining above, glaucous beneath, at length coriaceous; _stipules
obsolete_; aments sessile with a few small bracts at base, 1' long,
rather densely flowered, oblong-cylindric, the fertile somewhat
stipitate, becoming 2' long in fruit; scales dark, silky-villous;
capsule conic-rostrate from an ovoid base; stigmas bifid or entire,
yellow drying black. (S. chlorophylla, of _Man._; S. chlorophylla, var.
denudata, _Anders_.)--Moist ravines on alpine summits of the White
Mountains, and of Mt. Mansfield, Vt.--A divaricately much branched shrub
1--10 deg. high; twigs glabrous, sometimes covered with a glaucous bloom.
(Eu.)
S. VIMINALIS, L., the OSIER WILLOW of Europe, is occasionally planted,
but soon dies out. Some of its hybrids, as S. SMITHIANA, Willd., etc.,
stand our climate better, but cannot be regarded as adventive.
[+][+][+] _Capsules sessile; filaments and often the reddish anthers
united so as to appear as one._
S. PURPUREA, L. (PURPLE W.) Leaves oblanceolate or tongue shaped,
slightly serrulate, very smooth, glaucescent, subopposite; stipules
obsolete; aments densely flowered, narrow-cylindrical, the sterile at
least closely sessile, with only very small bracts at base; scale small,
round, crisp-villous, tipped with dark purple; capsules
grayish-tomentose, ovate-conical, obtuse.--Low grounds; commonly
cultivated for basket-rods. (Adv. from Eu.)
[*][*] _Capsules glabrous._