Suborders 2 or 3, but the plants herbaceous, root-parasitic, entirely
destitute of green foliage, and with the aspect of Beech-drops. Seeds
as in Suborder 3.
[*] Corolla monopetalous; anthers 2-celled.
24. Pterospora. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed; anthers 2-awned on the back,
opening lengthwise.
25. Schweinitzia. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-lobed; anthers opening
at the top.
[*][*] Corolla of 4 or 5 separate petals; calyx imperfect or bract-like.
26. Monotropa. Petals narrow. Anthers kidney-shaped, opening across the
top.
1. GAYLUSSACIA, HBK. HUCKLEBERRY.
Corolla tubular, ovoid, or bell-shaped; the border 5-cleft. Stamens 10;
anthers awnless; the cells tapering upward into more or less of a tube,
opening by a chink at the end. Fruit a berry-like drupe, containing 10
seed-like nutlets.--Branching shrubs, with the aspect of Vaccinium,
commonly sprinkled with resinous dots; the flowers (white tinged with
purple or red) in lateral and bracted racemes. (Named for the
distinguished chemist, _Gay-Lussac_.)
[*] _Leaves thick and evergreen, somewhat serrate, not resinous-dotted._
1. G. brachycera, Gray. (BOX-HUCKLEBERRY.) Very smooth (1 deg. high); leaves
oval, finely crenate-toothed; racemes short and nearly sessile; pedicels
very short; corolla cylindrical-bell-shaped.--Wooded hills, Perry Co.,
Penn., to Del. and Va. May.--Leaves resembling those of the Box.
[*][*] _Leaves deciduous, entire, sprinkled more or less with resinous
or waxy atoms._
2. G. dumosa, Torr. & Gray. (DWARF HUCKLEBERRY.) _Somewhat hairy_ and
glandular, low (1--5 deg. high from a creeping base), bushy; _leaves_
obovate-oblong, _mucronate, green both sides_, rather thick and shining
when old; racemes elongated; _bracts leaf-like, oval, persistent, as
long as the pedicels; ovary bristly or glandular_; corolla bell-shaped,
fruit black (insipid).--Var. HIRTELLA has the young branchlets, racemes,
and often the leaves hairy.--Sandy swamps, Newf., along the coast to
Fla. and La.; the var. chiefly southward. June.
3. G. frondosa, Torr. & Gray. (BLUE TANGLE. DANGLEBERRY.) _Smooth_
(3--6 deg. high); branches slender and divergent; _leaves_ obovate-oblong,
blunt, _pale, glaucous beneath_; racemes slender, loose, _bracts oblong
or linear, deciduous, shorter than the slender drooping pedicels_;
corolla globular-bell-shaped; fruit dark blue with a white bloom (sweet
and edible).--Low copses, coast of N. Eng. and mountains of Penn. to
Ky., south to La. and Fla. May, June.
4. G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. (BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.) Much branched, rigid,
_slightly pubescent_ when young (1--3 deg. high), _leaves_ oval,
oblong-ovate or oblong, thickly clothed and at first _clammy, as well as
the flowers, with shining resinous globules_, racemes short, clustered,
one-sided; pedicels about the length of the flowers; _bracts and
bractlets (reddish) small and deciduous_, corolla ovoid-conical, or at
length cylindrical with an open mouth; fruit black, without bloom
(pleasant, very rarely white).--Rocky woodlands and swamps, Newf. to
Minn., south to N. Ga. May, June.--The common _Huckleberry_ of the
markets.
2. VACCINIUM, L. BLUEBERRY. BILBERRY. CRANBERRY.
Corolla various in shape; the limb 4--5-cleft, revolute. Stamens 8 or
10; anthers sometimes 2-awned on the back; the cells separate and
prolonged upward into a tube, opening by a hole at the apex. Berry
4--5-celled, many-seeded, or sometimes 8--10-celled by a false partition
stretching from the back of each cell to the placenta.--Shrubs with
solitary, clustered, or racemed flowers; the corolla white or reddish.
(Ancient Latin name, of obscure derivation.)
Sec. 1. BATODENDRON. _Corolla open-campanulate, 5-lobed; anthers with long
tubes, and 2-awned on the back; berry (hardly edible) spuriously
10-celled; leaves deciduous but firm; flowers solitary or in
leafy-bracted racemes, slender-pedicelled._
1. V. arboreum, Marshall. (FARKLE-BERRY.) _Tall_ (6--25 deg. high),
smoothish; leaves obovate to oblong, entire or denticulate, mucronate,
bright green, shining above, at the south evergreen; _corolla white;
anthers included_; berries black, globose, small, many-seeded.--Sandy
soil, S. Ill. to Tex., Fla., and N. C.
2. V. stamineum, L. (DEERBERRY. SQUAW HUCKLEBERRY.) Diffusely branched
(2--3 deg. high), somewhat pubescent; leaves ovate or oval, pale, glaucous
or whitish underneath; _corolla greenish-white or purplish; anthers much
exserted_; berries greenish or yellowish, globular or pear-shaped,
large, few-seeded.--Dry woods, Maine to Minn., south to Fla. and La.
Sec. 2. CYANOCOCCUS. (BLUEBERRIES.) _Corolla cylindraceous to campanulate,
5-toothed; filaments hairy; anthers included, awnless; berry (sweet and
edible) blue or black with bloom, completely or incompletely 10-celled;
flowers in fascicles or short racemes, short-pedicelled, appearing from
large scaly buds with or before the leaves._
[*] _Corolla cylindraceous when developed._
3. V. virgatum, Ait. Low, more or less pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong to
cuneate-lanceolate, usually acute and minutely serrulate, thinnish,
shining at least above; flower-clusters sometimes virgate on naked
branches; corolla rose-color; berry black.--In swamps, south of our
range, but represented by
Var. tenellum, Gray. Low form, mostly small-leaved, with smaller nearly
white flowers in shorter or closer clusters.--Va. to Ark., and
southward.
[*][*] _Corolla shorter and broader._ (BLUEBERRIES or BLUE
HUCKLEBERRIES.)
4. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. (DWARF BLUEBERRY.) Dwarf (6--15' high),
smooth, with green warty stems and branches; _leaves lanceolate or
oblong, distinctly serrulate with bristle-pointed teeth, smooth and
shining both sides_ (or sometimes downy on the midrib underneath);
corolla short, cylindrical-bell-shaped; berries bluish-black and
glaucous.--Dry hills, N. J. to Ill., north to Newf. and Sask. The lowest
and earliest ripened of the blueberries.--Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Gray; a
dwarfer high-mountain or northern form, with narrower lanceolate
leaves.--White Mts. of N. H., Newf., and far northward.
5. V. Canadense, Kalm. Low (1--2 deg. high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or
elliptical, entire, downy both sides_, as well as the crowded
branchlets; corolla shorter; otherwise as the last.--Swamps or moist
woods, N. New Eng. to mountains of Penn., Ill., Minn., and northward.
6. V. vacillans, Solander. (LOW BLUEBERRY.) _Low_ (1--21/2 deg. high),
_glabrous_, with yellowish-green branchlets; _leaves obovate or oval,
very pale or dull, glaucous_, at least underneath, minutely
ciliolate-serrulate or entire; corolla between bell-shaped and
cylindraceous, the mouth somewhat contracted.--Dry places, especially in
sandy soil, New Eng. to Mich. and Iowa, south to N. C. and Mo.--Berries
ripening later than those of n. 4.
7. V. corymbosum, L. (COMMON or SWAMP-BLUEBERRY.) _Tall_ (5--10 deg. high);
_leaves ovate, oval, oblong, or elliptical-lanceolate_; corolla varying
from turgid-ovate and cylindrical-urn-shaped to oblong-cylindrical,
3--4'' long.--Swamps and low thickets, throughout our range and
southward. This yields the common _blueberry_ or _blue huckleberry_ of
the latter part of the season. The typical form has leaves with naked
entire margins, and may be pubescent or glabrous (var. GLABRUM, _Gray_,
Man.) Numerous gradations unite the following varieties:--
Var. amoenum, Gray. Leaves bristly-ciliate, shining above, green both
sides, beneath somewhat pubescent on the veins.--Middle Atlantic States.
Var. pallidum, Gray. Leaves mostly glabrous, pale or whitish, glaucous
especially underneath, serrulate with bristly teeth.--Common in the
Alleghanies southward, mostly on the higher ridges.
Var. atrococcum, Gray. The most distinct form; leaves entire, downy or
woolly underneath even when old, as also the branchlets; berries
smaller, black, without bloom.--New Eng. to Penn.
Sec. 3. VACCINIUM proper. (BILBERRIES.) _Corolla ovate to globular,
4--5-toothed; filaments glabrous; anthers 2-awned on the back, included;
berry 4--5-celled; leaves deciduous; flowers on drooping pedicels,
solitary or few together, appearing with or after the leaves; mostly
glabrous._
[*] _Parts of the flower mostly in fours; stamens 8._
8. V. uliginosum, L. (BOG BILBERRY.) Low and spreading (4'--2 deg. high),
tufted; leaves entire, dull, obovate or oblong, pale and slightly
pubescent underneath; flowers single or 2--3 together from a scaly bud,
almost sessile; corolla short, urn-shaped; berries black with a bloom,
sweet.--Alpine tops of the high mountains of N. Eng. and N. Y., shore of
L. Superior, and northwestward. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Parts of the flower in fives; stamens 10; leaves membranaceous;
flowers solitary on short axillary peduncles, nodding._
9. V. caespitosum, Michx. Dwarf (3--6' high), tufted, _leaves obovate_,
narrowed at the base, smooth and _shining, serrate; corolla oblong_,
slightly urn-shaped; berries blue.--Alpine region of the White Mts., and
high northward.--Var. CUNEIFOLIUM, Nutt., is a foot high or less,
bushy, with cuneate-spatulate leaves rounded at the apex, passing in one
form to spatulate-lanceolate and acute.--Shores of L. Superior and
westward.
10. V. myrtilloides, Hook. More erect, 1--5 deg. high; branchlets somewhat
angled; _leaves mostly ovate and acute or pointed_, sharply and closely
_serrulate, bright green_, nearly smooth; border of the calyx almost
entire; _corolla depressed-globular_, rather large; berries large,
black, rather acid.--Damp woods, shores of L. Superior, and
northwestward. May, June.--Pedicels 3--6'' long, drooping in flower,
erect in fruit.
11. V. ovalifolium, Smith. Straggling, 2--12 deg. high; _leaves elliptical,
obtuse, nearly entire, pale_, mostly glaucous beneath, smooth; _corolla
ovoid_; berries blue.--Peat-bogs, shores of L. Superior, and
northwestward. May.
Sec. 4. VITIS-IDAEA. _Corolla, berry, etc., as in Sec. 3; filaments hairy;
anthers awnless; leaves coriaceous and persistent; flowers in clusters
from separate buds, 4-merous (in our species); mostly glabrous; leaves
3--6'' long._
12. V. Vitis-Idaea, L. (COWBERRY. MOUNTAIN CRANBERRY. FOXBERRY.) Low
(6--10' high); branches erect from tufted creeping stems; leaves obovate
with revolute margins, dark green, smooth and shining above, dotted with
blackish bristly points underneath; corolla bell-shaped, 4-cleft;
berries dark red, acid and rather bitter, edible when cooked. Coast and
mountains of N. Eng. to N. shore of L. Superior, and far northward.
June. (Eu.)
Sec. 5. OXYCOCCUS. _Corolla deeply 4-parted or -cleft, with linear reflexed
lobes; anthers exserted, awnless, with very long terminal tubes; berry
4-celled; flowers axillary or terminal, nodding on long filiform
pedicels._
[*] _Stem upright and leaves deciduous, as in common Blueberries;
flowers axillary and solitary; corolla deeply 4-cleft; berries light
red, turning purple, insipid._
13. V. erythrocarpon, Michx. Smooth, divergently branched (1--4 deg. high);
leaves oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, bristly serrate, thin.--Damp
woods, higher Alleghanies, Va. to Ga. July.
[*][*] _Stems very slender, creeping or trailing; leaves small, entire,
whitened beneath, evergreen; pedicels erect, the pale rose-colored
flower nodding; corolla 4-parted; berries red, acid._--CRANBERRIES.
14. V. Oxycoccus, L. (SMALL CRANBERRY.) Stems very slender (4--9' long);
_leaves ovate, acute, with strongly revolute margins_ (2--3'' long);
pedicels 1--4, terminal; filaments fully 1/2 as long as the
anthers.--Peat-bogs, N. Eng. and Penn. to Minn., and northward.
June.--Berry 3--4'' broad, often speckled with white when young, seldom
gathered for market. (Eu., Asia.)
15. V. macrocarpon, Ait. (LARGE or AMERICAN CRANBERRY.) Stems elongated
(1--4 deg. long), the flowering branches ascending; _leaves oblong, obtuse_,
less revolute (4--6'' long); pedicels several, becoming lateral,
filaments scarcely one third the length of the anthers.--Peat-bogs,
N. C. to Minn. and everywhere northward, but scarcely westward.
June.--Berry 1/2--1' long.
3. CHIOGENES, Salisb. CREEPING SNOWBERRY.
Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; limb 4-parted, persistent. Corolla
bell-shaped, deeply 4-cleft. Stamens 8, included, inserted on an
8-toothed disk, filaments very short and broad; anther-cells
ovate-oblong, separate, not awned on the back, but each minutely
2-pointed at the apex, and opening by a large chink down to the middle.
Berry white, globular, rather dry, 4-celled, many-seeded.--A trailing
and creeping evergreen, with very slender and scarcely woody stems, and
small Thyme-like, ovate and pointed leaves on short petioles, with
revolute margins, smooth above, the lower surface and the branches beset
with rigid rusty bristles. Flowers very small, solitary in the axils, on
short nodding peduncles, with 2 large bractlets under the calyx. (Name
from [Greek: chio/n], _snow_, and [Greek: ge/nos], _offspring_, in
allusion to the snow-white berries.)
1. C. serpyllifolia, Salisb. Leaves 3--4'' long; berries 3'' broad,
bright white. (C. hispidula, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Peat-bogs, and mossy
woods, N. J. and Penn. to Minn., and northward; also southward in the
Alleghanies to N. C. May.--Plant with the aromatic flavor of Gaultheria
or Sweet Birch.
4. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. BEARBERRY.
Corolla ovate and urn-shaped, with a short revolute 5-toothed limb.
Stamens 10, included; anthers with 2 reflexed awns on the back near the
apex, opening by terminal pores. Drupe berry-like, with 5--10 seed-like
nutlets.--Shrubs, with alternate leaves, and scaly-bracted nearly white
flowers in terminal racemes or clusters. Fruit austere. (Name composed
of [Greek: a)/rktos], _a bear_, and [Greek: staphyle/], _a grape_ or
_berry_, the Greek of the popular name.)
1. A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. (BEARBERRY.) Trailing; _leaves thick and
evergreen_, obovate or spatulate, _entire, smooth; fruit red_.--Rocks
and bare hills, N. J. and Penn. to Mo., and far north and westward. May.
(Eu., Asia.)
2. A. alpina, Spreng. (ALPINE BEARBERRY.) Dwarf, tufted and depressed;
_leaves deciduous, serrate, wrinkled_ with strong netted veins, obovate;
_fruit black_.--Alpine summits in N. Eng., and high northward.
(Arctic-alpine around the world.)
5. EPIGAEA, L. GROUND LAUREL. TRAILING ARBUTUS.
Corolla salver-form; the tube hairy inside, as long as the
ovate-lanceolate pointed and scale-like nearly distinct sepals. Stamens
10, with slender filaments; anthers oblong, awnless, opening lengthwise.
Style slender, its apex (as in Pyrola) forming a sort of ring or collar
around and partly adnate to the 5 little lobes of the stigma. Capsule
depressed-globular, 5-lobed, 5-celled, many-seeded.--A prostrate or
trailing scarcely shrubby plant, bristly with rusty hairs, with
evergreen and reticulated rounded and heart-shaped alternate leaves, on
slender petioles, and with rose-colored flowers in small axillary
clusters, from scaly bracts. (Name composed of [Greek: e)pi/], _upon_,
and [Greek: ge~], _the earth_, from the trailing growth.)
1. E. repens, L.--Sandy woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade
of pines, Newf. to Minn., south to Fla., and Ky.--Flowers appearing in
early spring, exhaling a rich spicy fragrance, dimorphous as to style
and stamens and subdioecious. In New England called MAYFLOWER.
6. GAULTHERIA, Kalm. AROMATIC WINTERGREEN.
Corolla cylindrical-ovoid or a little urn-shaped, 5-toothed. Stamens 10,
included; anther-cells each 2-awned at the summit, opening by a terminal
pore. Capsule depressed, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded,
enclosed when ripe by the calyx, which thickens and turns fleshy, so as
to appear as a globular red berry!--Shrubs, or almost herbaceous plants,
with alternate evergreen leaves and axillary (nearly white) flowers;
pedicels with 2 bractlets. (Dedicated by Kalm to "_Dr. Gaulthier_," of
Quebec.)
1. G. procumbens, L. (CREEPING WINTERGREEN.) Stems slender and
extensively creeping on or below the surface; the flowering branches
ascending, leafy at the summit (3--5' high); leaves obovate or oval,
obscurely serrate; flowers few, mostly single in the axils,
nodding.--Cool damp woods, mostly in the shade of evergreens, Maine to
Minn., and southward to N. Ga.; also far northward. July.--The bright
red berries (formed of the calyx) and the foliage have the well-known
spicy-aromatic flavor of the Sweet Birch. Usually called _Wintergreen_,
or sometimes in the interior _Tea-berry_. Eastward it is often called
_Checkerberry_ or _Partridge-berry_ (names also applied to Mitchella,
the latter especially so), also _Boxberry_.
7. ANDROMEDA, L.
Calyx without bractlets, of 5 nearly or partly distinct sepals, valvate
in the bud, but very soon separate or open. Corolla urceolate (in ours),
5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the middle, the cells opening
by a terminal pore. Capsule globular, 5-celled, 5-valved; the
many-seeded placentae borne on the summit or middle of the columella.
Seeds pendulous or spreading.--Shrubs, with umbelled, clustered, or
panicled and racemed (mostly white) flowers. (Fancifully named by
Linnaeus in allusion to the fable of _Andromeda_.)
[*] _Anthers awned; capsule more or less globose; leaves thick and
evergreen._
1. A. polifolia, L. _Glabrous_, 6--18' high; leaves linear to
lanceolate-oblong, strongly revolute, _white beneath_; flowers in
terminal umbels; pedicels from axils of persistent scaly bracts; _each
anther-cell with a slender terminal ascending awn_.--Wet bogs, N. J. and
Penn. to Minn., and northward.
2. A. floribunda, Pursh. Very leafy, 2--6 deg. high; _young branchlets,
etc., strigose-hairy_; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate,
ciliate-serrulate, _glandular-dotted beneath_ (2' long); _racemes
crowded in short terminal panicles_, densely flowered; _each anther-cell
with a slender deflexed awn on the back_.--Moist hillsides, in the
Alleghanies from Va. to Ga.
[*][*] _Anthers awnless; capsule 5-angled, with a thickened ridge at the
dorsal sutures; leaves thinnish and deciduous._
3. A. Mariana, L. (STAGGER-BUSH.) _Mostly glabrous_, 2--4 deg. high; leaves
oblong or oval (1--3' long); _fascicles of nodding flowers racemose on
naked shoots; filaments 2-toothed near the apex; capsule
ovate-pyramidal, truncate at the contracted apex_.--Low grounds, R. I.
to Fla.; also in Tenn. and Ark. Foliage said to poison lambs and
calves.
4. A. ligustrina, Muhl. _Minutely pubescent_, 3--10 deg. high; leaves
obovate to lanceolate-oblong (1--2' long), serrulate or entire; _racemes
crowded in naked or leafy panicles; filaments flat, not appendaged;
capsule globular_.--Wet grounds, Canada to Fla. and Ark.--Var.
PUBESCENS, Gray, is a form with dense soft pubescence.--Va. to Ga.
8. OXYDENDRUM, DC. SORREL-TREE. SOUR-WOOD.
Calyx without bractlets, of 5 almost distinct sepals, valvate in the
bud. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed, puberulent. Stamens 10; anthers fixed
near the base, linear, awnless, the cells tapering upward and opening by
a long chink. Capsule oblong-pyramidal, 5-celled, 5-valved; the
many-seeded placentae at the base of the cells. Seeds _all ascending_,
slender, the thin and loose reticulated coat extended at both ends into
awl-shaped appendages.--A tree with deciduous, oblong-lanceolate,
pointed, soon smooth, serrulate leaves, on slender petioles, and white
flowers in long one-sided racemes clustered in an open panicle,
terminating the branches of the season. Bracts and bractlets minute,
deciduous. Foliage acid (whence the name, from [Greek: o)xy/s], _sour_,
and [Greek: de/ndron], _tree_.)
1. O. arboreum, DC. Tree 15--40 deg. high; leaves in size and shape like
those of the peach.--Rich woods, from Penn. to Ind., and southward,
mostly along the Alleghanies, to Fla. June, July.
9. LEUCOTHOE, Don.
Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla ovate
or cylindraceous, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers naked, or the cells
with 1 or 2 erect awns at the apex, opening by a pore. Capsule
depressed, more or less 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, the sutures not
thickened; valves entire; the many-seeded placentae borne on the summit
of the short columella. Seeds mostly pendulous.--Shrubs with petioled
and serrulate leaves, and white scaly-bracted flowers in dense axillary
or terminal spiked racemes. (A mythological name.)
[*] _Anthers awnless; stigma 5-rayed; racemes sessile, dense, with
persistent bracts, in the axils of thick and shining evergreen leaves;
calyx not bracteolate._
1. L. axillaris, Don. _Leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, abruptly
pointed_ or acute, somewhat spinulose-serrulate, _on very short
petioles; sepals broadly ovate_.--Low grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala.
Feb.--April.--Shrub 2--4 deg. high.
2. L. Catesbaei, Gray. _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed_,
serrulate with ciliate-spinulose appressed teeth, _conspicuously
petioled_ (3--6' long); _sepals ovate-oblong_, often acute.--Moist banks
of streams, Va. to Ga. along the mountains. May.--Shrub 2--4 deg. high,
with long spreading or recurved branches. Flowers exhaling the
unpleasant scent of Chestnut-blossoms.
[*][*] _Anthers awned; stigma simple; flowers very short-pedicelled, in
long one-sided racemes mostly terminating the branches; bracts
deciduous; leaves membranaceous and deciduous, serrulate; calyx
bibracteolate._
3. L. recurva, Buckley. _Branches and racemes recurved-spreading_;
leaves lanceolate or ovate, taper-pointed; _sepals ovate; anther-cells
1-awned; pod 5-lobed, seeds flat and cellular-winged_.--Dry hills,
Alleghanies of Va. to Ala. April.--Lower and more straggling than the
next.
4. L. racemosa, Gray. _Branches and racemes mostly erect_; leaves oblong
or oval-lanceolate, acute; _sepals ovate-lanceolate; anther-cells each
2-awned; pod not lobed; seeds angled and wingless_.--Moist thickets,
Mass. to Fla. and La., near the coast. May, June.--Shrub 4--10 deg. high.
Corolla cylindrical.
10. CASSANDRA, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.
Calyx of 5 distinct rigid ovate and acute sepals, imbricated in the bud,
and with a pair of similar bractlets. Corolla cylindrical-oblong,
5-toothed. Stamens 10; anther-cells tapering into a tubular beak, and
opening by a pore at the apex, awnless. Capsule depressed, 5-celled,
many-seeded, the pericarp of 2 layers, the outer 5-valved, the
cartilaginous inner layer at length 10-valved. Seeds flattened,
wingless.--Low and much branched shrubs, with nearly evergreen and
coriaceous leaves, which are scurfy, especially underneath. Flowers
white, in the axils of the upper small leaves, forming small 1-sided
leafy racemes. (_Cassandra_, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba.)
1. C. calyculata, Don. Leaves oblong, obtuse, flat.--Bogs, Newf. to
Minn., and south to Ga.
11. CASSIOPE, Don.
Calyx without bractlets, of 4 or 5 nearly distinct ovate sepals,
imbricated in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, deeply 4--5-cleft.
Stamens 8 or 10; anthers fixed by the apex; the ovoid cells each opening
by a large terminal pore, and bearing a long recurved awn behind.
Capsule ovoid or globular, 4--5-celled, 4--5-valved, the valves 2-cleft;
placentae many-seeded, pendulous from the summit of the columella. Seeds
smooth and wingless.--Small, arctic or alpine evergreen plants,
resembling Club-Mosses or Heaths. Flowers solitary, nodding on slender
erect peduncles, white or rose-color. (_Cassiope_ was the mother of
Andromeda.)