Involucre double; each of about 8 scales, the outer rather foliaceous
and somewhat spreading; the inner broader and appressed, nearly
membranaceous. Receptacle flat, with membranaceous chaff deciduous with
the fruit. Achenes flat, obcompressed (i.e., parallel with the scales of
the involucre), often winged, not narrowed at the top, 2-toothed or
2-awned, or sometimes naked at the summit, the awns not barbed
downwardly.--Herbs, generally with opposite leaves, and yellow or
party-colored, rarely purple, rays. (Name from [Greek: ko/ris], _a bug_,
and [Greek: o)/psis], _resemblance_; from the form of the achene.)
Sec. 1. _Style-tips truncate or nearly so; outer involucre small and short;
rays rose-color or yellow with brown base; pappus an obscure border or
none._
1. C. rosea, Nutt. Perennial; stem branching, leafy, smooth (6--20'
high); leaves linear, entire; heads small, somewhat corymbed, on short
peduncles; rays rose-color, 3-toothed; achenes oblong, wingless.--Sandy
grassy swamps, Plymouth, Mass., to N. J., and southward; rare. Aug.
2. C. cardaminefolia, Torr. & Gray. Annual, 6'--2 deg. high; leaves
1--2-pinnately divided, the lobes oval to lanceolate or above linear;
rays yellow with brown-purple base; achenes short, smooth or papillose,
winged.--Kan. to La. and Tex.
3. C. tinctoria, Nutt. Annual, glabrous, 2--3 deg. high; leaves
1--2-pinnately divided, the lobes lanceolate to linear; achenes oblong,
wingless; rays yellow with more or less of crimson-brown.--Minn. to
Tex., etc.; common in cultivation.
Sec. 2. _Style-tips abruptly cuspidate, hispid; involucres nearly equal;
achenes roundish, winged, incurved, often papillose and with a callus
inside at base and apex; pappus 2 small teeth or none; ray mostly yellow
and palmately lobed; perennials, with long-pedunculate heads; lower
leaves petiolate._
4. C. lanceolata, L. Smooth or hairy (1--2 deg. high), tufted, branched only
at the base; leaves all entire (the lower rarely with a pair of small
lateral lobes), lanceolate, the lowest oblanceolate or spatulate; outer
scales ovate-lanceolate.--Rich or damp soil, Mich. and Ill. to Va., and
southward. July. Also cultivated in gardens. Heads showy; rays 1'
long.--Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, is a low form with crowded
narrow leaves and elongated peduncles.--Var. VILLOSA, Michx., is hirsute
below, the leaves rather broad.
5. C. grandiflora, Nutt. Mostly glabrous; lower leaves lanceolate and
spatulate, entire, the _upper 3--5-parted with lanceolate to linear and
sometimes 2--3-parted lobes_; heads as in the last or larger.--S. Mo. to
Tex. and Ga.
6. C. pubescens, Ell. More leafy, 1--4 deg. high, pubescent or nearly
glabrous; leaves thickish, oblong or the lower oval-obovate and the
upper oblong-lanceolate, entire or with 2--4 small lateral lobes; heads
usually smaller.--Va. to S. Ill., Mo., and southward.
7. C. auriculata, Linn. Pubescent or glabrous; stems 1--4 deg. high,
branching, sometimes with runners; leaves mostly petioled, the upper
oblong or oval-lanceolate, entire; the lower oval or roundish, some of
them variously 3--5-lobed or divided; outer scales oblong-linear or
lanceolate; achenes narrowly winged and strongly involute.--Rich woods
and banks, Va. to Ill., and southward. June--Sept.
Sec. 3. _Style-tips cuspidate; achenes oblong, nearly straight, without
callus, the wing narrow or none; rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly
toothed._
[*] _Outer scales narrow, about the length of the inner, all more or
less united at base; rays mostly entire, acute; pappus 2-toothed or
none; leaves opposite, sessile, mostly 3-divided, appearing as if
whorled; perennial, 1--3 deg. high._
[+] _Leaves 3-cleft, but not to the base._
8. C. palmata, Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple; leaves broadly wedge-shaped,
rigid; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one
3-lobed.--Prairies, Mich. to Minn., and southwestward. July.
[+][+] _Leaves divided to the base, uppermost and lowest sometimes
simple._
9. C. senifolia, Michx. Plant minutely soft-pubescent; leaves each
divided into 3 sessile _ovate-lanceolate entire leaflets_, therefore
appearing like 6 in a whorl.--Sandy woods, Va. and southward. July.
Var. stellata, Torr. & Gray. Glabrous, and the leaves narrower.--Va.,
Ky., and southward.
10. C. delphinifolia, Lam. Glabrous or nearly so; leaves divided into 3
sessile _leaflets_ which are 2--5-_parted, their divisions lance-linear_
(1--3'' broad), rather rigid; disk brownish.--Pine woods, Va. and
southward. July.
11. C. verticillata, L. Glabrous; leaves divided into 3 sessile
_leaflets_ which are 1--2-_pinnately parted into narrowly linear or
filiform divisions_.--Damp soil, from Ont. and Mich. to Md., Ark., and
southward. Cultivated in old gardens, but not showy. July--Sept.
[*][*] _Outer scales narrow, shorter, all united at base; rays entire,
obtuse; pappus none; leaves petiolate, pinnately 3--5-divided;
perennial._
12. C. tripteris, L. (TALL COREOPSIS.) Smooth; stem simple (4--9 deg. high),
corymbed at the top; leaflets lanceolate, acute, entire.--Penn. to
Wisc., Iowa, and southward. Aug.--Sept.--Heads exhaling the odor of
anise when bruised; disk turning brownish.
[*][*][*] _Scales mostly distinct, the outer leafy, reflexed or
spreading; achenes flat, obovate or cuneate-oblong, 1-nerved on each
face, 2-toothed or 2-awned (rarely 4-awned); leaves petiolate, usually
pinnately 3--7-divided, the lobes serrate; annuals (or biennial),
branching. Approaching_ Bidens.
[+] _Rays conspicuous, golden yellow._
[++] _Achenes cuneate, obscurely ciliate or naked; outer scales about
8._
13. C. aurea, Ait. Nearly glabrous, 1--3 deg. high; leaves variable,
commonly 3--7-divided, or some or all undivided, the segments incisely
serrate or lobed; _achenes broadly cuneate_, 1--2'' long, with 2 _very
short blunt spreading teeth_.--Wet ground, Va. to Fl.
14. C. trichosperma, Michx. (TICKSEED SUNFLOWER.) Smooth, branched;
leaves short-petioled, nearly all 3--7-divided; leaflets lanceolate or
linear, cut-toothed, or the upper leaves only 3--5-cleft and almost
sessile; heads panicled-corymbose; _achenes narrowly wedge-oblong or the
inner ones wedge-linear_, about 4'' long, smooth or sparsely hairy,
marginless, _crowned with 2 erect triangular or awl-shaped stout
teeth_.--Swamps, Mass. to Va. near the coast. Also Buffalo, N. Y., to
Ill., where is a var. TENUILOBA, Gray, with shorter achenes, approaching
the last. Aug.--Oct.
[++][++] _Achenes obovate, very flat, with thin ciliate margins._
15. C. aristosa, Michx. Somewhat pubescent; leaves 1--2-pinnately
5--7-divided, petioled; leaflets lanceolate, cut-toothed or pinnatifid;
heads panicled-corymbose; outer scales 8--10, not exceeding the inner,
barely ciliate; _achenes_ with 2 (rarely 4) _long and slender diverging
awns_ as long as the achene itself.--Swamps, Ohio to Mich., Minn., and
southwestward. Aug.--Oct.--Var. MUTICA has two short divergent teeth or
points in place of the awns.--W. Ill. and southwestward. Forms occur
with the barbs of the awns spreading or retrorse, hybrids with _Bidens
frondosa_ or other species.
16. C. involucrata, Nutt. Heads rather larger, the outer scales 12--20,
mostly exceeding the inner, slender and hispid; achenes with 2 short
acute teeth.--W. Ill. to Kan. and Tex.
[+][+] _Rays none, or rarely rudimentary; outer scales usually 3--5,
loose, leafy, commonly surpassing the short-pedunculate heads; achenes
narrowly cuneate; plants glabrous, 1--3 deg. high; leaves petiolate._
17. C. bidentoides, Nutt. Paniculately branched; _leaves undivided,
lanceolate_, coarsely toothed, tapering at both ends; heads 6--10''
long; _achenes nearly subulate_, bearing a pair of _very slender_
upwardly roughened _awns surpassing the corolla_ (4'' long), but shorter
than the achene, often also 2 minute teeth alternate with the
awns.--Shores of Delaware River, near Philad., and Delaware Bay, to Md.
Hybridizes with _Bidens frondosa_.
18. C. discoidea, Torr. & Gray. Diffusely branched, 1--2 deg. high;
_leaves ternately divided_, slender-petioled; leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, pointed, coarsely serrate; heads 2--3'' long; _achenes
linear-wedge-shaped_ (2--3'' long), bearing a pair of _short and stout_
upwardly-barbed _awns of the length of the corolla_.--Wet banks and
swamps, Conn. to Ohio, Ill., and southward. July.
56. BIDENS, L. BUR-MARIGOLD.
Heads many-flowered; the rays when present 3--8, neutral. Involucre
double, the outer commonly large and foliaceous. Receptacle flattish;
the chaff deciduous with the fruit. Achenes flattened parallel with the
scales of the involucre, or slender and 4-sided, crowned with 2 or more
rigid and persistent awns which are downwardly barbed.--Annual or
perennial herbs, with opposite various leaves, and mostly yellow
flowers. (Latin, _bidens_, two-toothed.)
[*] _Achenes flat, not tapering at the summit; outer involucre
foliaceous; annuals._
[+] _Heads erect, nearly rayless; leaves mostly petiolate._
1. B. frondosa, L. (COMMON BEGGAR-TICKS. STICK-TIGHT.) Smooth or rather
hairy, tall (2--6 deg. high), branching, _leaves 3--5-divided; leaflets
mostly stalked_, lanceolate, pointed, coarsely toothed; outer involucre
much longer than the head, ciliate below; _achenes wedge-obovate,
2-awned, ciliate_ (the bristles ascending except near the
summit).--Moist waste places; a coarse troublesome weed, the achenes, as
in the other species, adhering to clothing, etc., by their retrorsely
barbed awns. Hybrids occur with _Coreopsis aristosa_ and other species.
July--Oct.
2. B. connata, Muhl. (SWAMP BEGGAR-TICKS.) Smooth (1--2 deg. high); _leaves
lanceolate_ or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, tapering
into margined slightly united petioles; _the lower often 3-divided,
their lateral divisions united at the base and decurrent on the
petiole_; outer scales longer than the head, few, mostly obtuse; _rays
none; achenes narrowly wedge-form, 3- (2--4-) awned, the margins
minutely retrorsely ciliate_.--E. New Eng. to Minn., and
southward.--Var. COMOSA, Gray, is stouter, the leaves commonly all
simple, upper ones nearly sessile, the heads larger and with very leafy
involucre. Ill., Ky., and westward. Aug.--Oct.--Var. PINNATA, Watson;
leaves nearly all pinnately divided, the 5--7 narrow divisions sparingly
incised; achenes 4-awned. Hennepin Co., Minn. (_F. L. Conillard_).
[+][+] _Heads somewhat nodding, commonly radiate; leaves sessile,
undivided._
3. B. cernua, L. (SMALLER BUR-MARIGOLD.) Nearly smooth (5'--3 deg. high),
_leaves lanceolate, unequally serrate, scarcely connate; heads_ nodding,
_with or without_ (light yellow) _rays_; outer involucre longer than the
head; achenes wedge-obovate, 4-awned, the margins downwardly
barbed.--Wet places, N. Eng. to Va., Mo., Minn., and northward.
July--Sept.--Rays, if any, smaller than in n. 4, and the outer involucre
more leaf-like. (Eu.)
4. B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. (LARGER BUR-MARIGOLD.) Smooth, erect, or
reclining at the base (6'--2 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate_, tapering at
both ends, more or less connate, _regularly serrate_; outer involucre
mostly shorter than the _showy golden-yellow (1' long) rays_; achenes
wedge-shaped, with almost prickly downwardly barbed margins; awns 2, 3,
or 4.--Swamps; common. Aug.--Oct.
[*][*] _Achenes linear, 4-sided, the inner longer and tapering upward._
5. B. bipinnata, L. (SPANISH NEEDLES.) Smooth annual, branched; leaves
1--3-pinnately parted, petioled; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mostly
wedge-shaped at the base; heads small, on slender peduncles; outer
involucre of linear scales equalling the short pale yellow rays, achenes
4-grooved and angled, nearly smooth, 3--4-awned.--Damp soil, R. I. to
N. Y., Ill., and southward.
[*][*][*] _Achenes terete, truncate at both ends, with 3--6 very long
awns smooth below._
6. B. Beckii, Torr. (WATER MARIGOLD.) Aquatic, perhaps perennial,
smooth; stems long and slender; immersed leaves crowded, capillary, many
times dissected, the few emerging ones lanceolate, slightly connate,
toothed; heads single, short-peduncled; involucre much shorter than the
showy (golden yellow) rays; achenes thickish, smooth (1/2' long), the
stout divergent awns (1' long) barbed only toward the apex.--Ponds and
slow deep streams, Mass. to N. J., Mo., and northward. Aug.--Oct.
57. THELESPERMA, Less.
Heads many-flowered; rays about 8, neutral, or none. Involucre as in
Coreopsis, the inner connate to the middle, scarious-margined.
Receptacle flat, the scarious chaff falling with the nearly terete
wingless and beakless achenes; pappus of 2 stout subulate retrorsely
hispid awns.--Smooth herbs, with opposite dissected leaves and
pedunculate heads of yellow flowers. (From [Greek: thele/], _a nipple_,
and [Greek: spe/rma], _seed_, on account of the papillose achenes.)
1. T. gracile, Gray. Perennial, rather rigid, 1--2 deg. high; leaves with
narrow or filiform divisions or the upper entire; outer scales very
short; rays short or usually none; achenes papillose.--Kan., south and
westward.
58. BALDWINIA, Nutt.
Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate, the long and narrowly
wedge-shaped rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small
scales imbricated in 3 or 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse.
Receptacle strongly convex, with deep honeycomb-like cells containing
the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenes; pappus of 7--9
lance-oblong erect chaffy scales.--A perennial herb, smoothish, with
slender simple stems (2--3 deg. high), bearing alternate oblanceolate
leaves, and a large showy long-pedunculate head. Rays yellow (1' long);
the disk often turning dark purple. (Named for the late _Dr. William
Baldwin_.)
1. B. uniflora, Nutt.--Borders of swamps, Va. (?) and southward. Aug.
59. MARSHALLIA, Schreb.
Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, the corolla-lobes
slender and spreading. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, foliaceous,
erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conical,
with narrowly linear rigid chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-angled; pappus
of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales.--Smooth and low
perennials, with alternate entire 3-nerved leaves, and long-pedunculate
heads (like those of a Scabious) terminating the simple stem or
branches. Flowers purplish; anthers blue. (Named for _Humphrey
Marshall_, of Pennsylvania, author of _Arbustum Americanum_, one of the
earliest works on the trees and shrubs of this country.)
1. M. latifolia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed,
sessile.--Dry soil, Va. and southward.
2. M. caespitosa, Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base; leaves narrowly
oblanceolate to linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse.--Kan. to Tex.
60. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pavon.
Heads several-flowered, radiate; rays 4--5, small, roundish, pistillate.
Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow
chaff. Achenes angled; pappus of small oblong cut-fringed chaffy scales
(sometimes wanting).--Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved thin
leaves, and small heads; disk yellow; rays whitish. (Named for
_Galinsoga_, a Spanish botanist.)
G. PARVIFLORA, Cav. Smoothish (1 deg. high); leaves ovate, acute, somewhat
toothed; scales of the pappus 8--16.--Waste places, especially eastward;
spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer.)
61. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her.
Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, with large
revolute corolla-lobes. Involucral scales 6--12, loose and broad, thin,
the upper part petal-like (usually white). Receptacle small, naked.
Achenes top-shaped, with a slender base, striate; pappus of 15--20 blunt
scales in a single row, very thin (whence the name of the genus, from
[Greek: y(me/n], _membrane_, and [Greek: pa/ppos], _pappus_.)--Biennial
or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, and corymbed
small heads of usually whitish flowers.
[*] _Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales._
1. H. scabiosaeus, L'Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young, leafy to
the top (1--3 deg. high); leaves 1--2-pinnately parted into linear or oblong
lobes; involucral scales roundish, mainly whitish.--Sandy barrens, Ill.
and southward. May, June.
2. H. corymbosus, Torr. & Gray. More slender, glabrate, naked above;
scales obovate-oblong, petaloid at apex.--Neb. to Ark. and Tex.
[*][*] _Pappus of conspicuous spatulate 1-nerved scales; involucre
greener._
3. H. tenuifolius, Pursh. Slightly tomentose or glabrate, leafy, 1--2 deg.
high; divisions of the leaves narrowly linear or filiform, revolute;
involucral scales obovate-oblong; achenes long-villous.--Neb. to Ark.
and Tex.
62. ACTINELLA, Pers., Nutt.
Heads many-flowered; rays several, wedge-oblong, 3-toothed, pistillate.
Scales of the hemispherical involucre ovate or lanceolate, membranaceous
or coriaceous, nearly equal, appressed in 2 or 3 ranks, little shorter
than the disk. Receptacle hemispherical or conical, naked. Achenes
top-shaped, densely silky-villous; pappus of 5 or more ovate or
lanceolate very thin chaffy scales.--Low herbs, with narrow alternate
leaves, dotted or sprinkled with resinous atoms as in the next genus and
bitter-aromatic; the solitary heads terminating scapes or slender naked
peduncles; flowers yellow. (Name a diminutive of _Actinea_, from [Greek:
a)kti/s], _ray_.)
[*] _Involucre of numerous distinct not rigid scales; leaves entire._
1. A. linearifolia, Torr. & Gray. Annual or biennial, villous or
glabrate, 1 deg. high or less, simple or branched; leaves linear; peduncles
filiform.--S. Kan. to La., and Tex.
2. A. acaulis, Nutt. Perennial, densely cespitose, the branches of the
caudex short and thick, with scape-like peduncles, canescently villous
or silky; leaves spatulate to linear, short.--Hills and plains bordering
the Rocky Mts. and scarcely reaching our limits; the var. GLABRA, Gray
(A. scaposa, var. glabra, _Man._), a greener glabrate form, has been
found on an Indian mound near Joliet, Ill. The less densely cespitose A.
SCAPOSA, Nutt., more loosely villous and the caudex with more slender
branches, is probably in S. Kan.
[*][*] _Scales rigid, in 2 rows, the outer connate at base; leaves
ternately parted._
3. A. odorata, Gray. Annual, 1--2 deg. high, branching, leafy, somewhat
floccose-woolly; heads small, scattered; leaves 1--3-pinnately divided,
the lobes filiform.--Central Kan. to Tex., and westward.
63. HELENIUM, L. SNEEZE-WEED.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays several, wedge-shaped, 3--5-cleft,
fertile or rarely sterile. Involucre small, reflexed, the scales linear
or awl-shaped. Receptacle globose or oblong, naked. Achenes top-shaped,
ribbed; pappus of 5--8 thin and 1-nerved chaffy scales, the nerve
usually extended into a bristle or point.--Erect, branching herbs (ours
perennial), with alternate leaves decurrent on the angled stem and
branches, which are terminated by single or corymbed (yellow, rarely
purple) heads; often sprinkled with bitter aromatic resinous globules.
(The Greek name of some plant, said to be named after _Helenus_, son of
Priam.)
1. H. nudiflorum, Nutt. Somewhat puberulent, 1--3 deg. high; leaves narrowly
lanceolate or oblong to linear, entire, or the radical spatulate and
dentate; heads mostly small; disk brownish, globose; ray yellow or
partly brown-purple, sterile (neutral or style abortive), shorter than
or exceeding the disk. (Leptopoda brachypoda, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Ill.
and Mo. to N. Car. and Tex.; nat. near Philadelphia. Hybridizes with the
next. June--Aug.
2. H. autumnale, L. Nearly smooth, 1--6 deg. high; leaves mostly toothed,
lanceolate to ovate-oblong; heads larger (about 6'' broad); disk yellow;
ray fertile, yellow.--Alluvial river-banks and wet ground, Conn. to
Minn., south and westward. Sept.
64. GAILLARDIA, Foug.
Heads many-flowered; rays 3-cleft or -toothed, neutral or sometimes
fertile, or none. Involucral scales in 2--3 rows, the outer larger,
loose and foliaceous. Receptacle convex to globose, beset with
bristle-like or subulate or short and soft chaff. Achenes top-shaped,
5-costate, villous; pappus of 5--10 long thin scales, awn-tipped by the
excurrent nerve.--Erect herbs with alternate leaves and large showy
heads of yellow or purplish fragrant flowers on terminal or scapiform
peduncles. (Named after _Gaillard de Merentonneau_.)
1. G. simplex, Scheele. Annual; leaves all radical, usually spatulate,
pinnatifid to entire; head globose on a naked scape, usually
rayless.--S. Kan. to Tex.
2. G. lanceolata, Michx. Annual, leafy-stemmed, branched, 1--2 deg. high,
finely pubescent; leaves oblanceolate to linear, mostly entire; rays
rather few or none; chaff very short or obsolete.--S. Kan. to Tex. and
Fla.
3. G. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, hirsute, often 2 deg. high; leaves
lanceolate to oblanceolate, broad or narrow, entire to coarsely
pinnatifid; rays usually numerous and long; chaff bristly or
subulate.--Dak., west and southward.
65. DYSODIA, Cav. FETID MARIGOLD.
Heads many-flowered, usually radiate; rays pistillate. Involucre of one
row of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets.
Receptacle flat, not chaffy, but beset with short chaffy bristles.
Achenes slender, 4-angled; pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into
numerous rough bristles.--Herbs, mostly annuals or biennials, dotted
with large pellucid glands, which give a strong odor (as in Tagetes, the
FRENCH MARIGOLD of the gardens, which belongs to the same group); heads
terminating the branches; flowers yellow. (Name [Greek: dysodi/a], _an
ill smell_, which the plants exemplify.)
1. D. chrysanthemoides, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched (6--18'
high); leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes
bristly-toothed or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the
involucre.--Roadsides, and banks of rivers, Minn. to Ill., Tenn., and
southwestward. Aug.--Oct.
66. ANTHEMIS, L. CHAMOMILE.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays pistillate or (in n. 1) neutral.
Involucre hemispherical, of many small imbricated dry and scarious
scales shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, with slender chaff at
least near the summit. Achenes terete or ribbed, glabrous, truncate;
pappus none or a minute crown.--Branching strong-scented herbs, with
finely pinnately dissected leaves and solitary terminal heads; rays
white; disk yellow. ([Greek: A)nthemi/s], the ancient Greek name of the
Chamomile.)
A. COTULA, DC. (MAY-WEED.) Annual, acrid; rays mostly neutral;
receptacle without chaff near the margin; pappus none; leaves finely
3-pinnately dissected. (Maruta Cotula, _DC._)--Common by roadsides.
(Nat. from Eu.)
A. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN CHAMOMILE.) Pubescent _annual or biennial_,
resembling May-weed, but not ill-scented; leaves less finely
1--2-pinnately parted; chaff of the receptacle lanceolate, pointed;
pappus a minute border.--Waste places; rare. (Adv. from Eu.)
A. NOBILIS, L. (GARDEN CHAMOMILE.) More downy and _perennial_,
pleasantly strong-scented; sterile shoots depressed or creeping; leaves
very finely dissected; chaff of the receptacle blunt; pappus
none.--Established near Lewiston, Delaware, _Nuttall._ (Adv. from Eu.)
67. ACHILLEA, L. YARROW.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays few, fertile. Involucral scales
imbricated, with scarious margins. Receptacle chaffy, flattish. Achenes
oblong, flattened, margined; pappus none.--Perennial herbs, with small
corymbose heads. (So named because its virtues are said to have been
discovered by _Achilles_.)
1. A. Millefolium, L. (COMMON YARROW or MILFOIL.) Stems simple; _leaves
twice-pinnately parted_; the divisions linear, 3--5-cleft, crowded;
corymb compound, flat-topped; _involucre oblong; rays 4--5, short_,
white (sometimes rose-color).--Fields and hills; common. Green and more
glabrate in fields in the Atlantic States, and perhaps in such cases
introduced. Aug. (Eu.)