lance-oblong; cyme open; involucre usually purplish; scales ovate and
lance-ovate tipped with a slender cusp or awn.--Low grounds near the
coast, Maine to Va., west to Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Aug.
Var. latifolia, Gray. Leaves broader; heads few; scales merely acute or
acuminate.--Penn. to Ohio and southward.
6. V. Baldwinii, Torr. Tomentulose; heads small, at first globose;
leaves lance-oblong or -ovate; involucre hoary-tomentose, greenish,
squarrose, the scales acute or acuminate.--Prairies and barren hills;
E. Mo. to Kan. and Tex. July, Aug. Passes into n. 4.
3. SCLEROLEPIS, Cass.
Head discoid, many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales linear,
equal, in 1 or 2 rows. Receptacle naked. Corolla 5-toothed. Achenes
5-angled; pappus a single row of 5 almost horny oval and obtuse
scales.--A smooth perennial, with simple stems, rooting at the base,
linear entire leaves in whorls of 4--6, and a terminal head of
flesh-colored flowers. (Name composed of [Greek: sklero/s], _hard_, and
[Greek: lepi/s], _a scale_, from the pappus.)
1. S. verticillata, Cass.--In water; pine barrens, New Jersey and
southward. Aug.
4. MIKANIA, Willd. CLIMBING HEMP-WEED.
Heads discoid, 4-flowered. Involucre of 4 scales. Receptacle small.
Flowers, achenes, etc., as in Eupatorium.--Twining perennials, climbing
bushes, with opposite commonly heart-shaped and petioled leaves, and
corymbose-panicled flesh-colored flowers. (Named for _Prof. Mikan_, of
Prague.)
1. M. scandens, L. Nearly smooth, twining; leaves somewhat
triangular-heart-shaped or halberd-form, pointed, toothed at the
base.--Copses along streams, E. New Eng. to Ky., and southward.
July--Sept.
5. EUPATORIUM, Tourn. THOROUGHWORT.
Heads discoid, 3--many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucre cylindrical
or bell-shaped, of more than 4 scales. Receptacle flat or conical,
naked. Corolla 5-toothed. Achenes 5-angled; pappus a single row of
slender capillary barely roughish bristles.--Erect perennial herbs,
often sprinkled with bitter resinous dots, with generally corymbose
heads of white, bluish, or purple blossoms, appearing near the close of
summer. (Dedicated to _Eupator Mithridates_, who is said to have used a
species of the genus in medicine.)
Sec. 1. EUPATORIUM proper. _Receptacle flat._
[*] _Heads cylindrical, 5--15-flowered; the purplish scales numerous,
closely imbricated in several rows, of unequal length, slightly striate;
stout herbs, with ample mostly whorled leaves, and flesh-colored
flowers._
1. E. purpureum, L. (JOE-PYE WEED. TRUMPET-WEED.) Stems tall and stout,
simple; leaves 3--6 in a whorl, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, pointed,
very veiny, roughish, toothed; corymbs very dense and compound.--Varies
greatly in size (2--12 deg. high), etc., and with spotted or unspotted,
often dotted stems, etc.,--including several nominal species.--Low
grounds; common.
Var. amoenum, Gray. Low; leaves fewer, ovate or oblong; heads few,
3--5-flowered.--Mountains of Va. and N. Y.
[*][*] _Heads 3--20-flowered; involucre 8--15 more or less imbricated
and unequal scales, the outer ones shorter; flowers white._
[+] _Leaves all alternate, mostly dissected; heads panicled, very small,
3--5-flowered._
2. E. foeniculaceum, Willd. (DOG-FENNEL.) Smooth or nearly so,
paniculately much-branched (3--10 deg. high); leaves 1--2-pinnately parted,
filiform.--Va., near the coast, and southward. Adv. near Philadelphia.
[+][+] _Leaves long-petioled, the upper ones alternate; heads
12--15-flowered, in compound corymbs._
3. E. serotinum, Michx. Stem pulverulent-pubescent, bushy-branched
(3--7 deg. high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a point,
triple-nerved and veiny, coarsely serrate (3--6' long); involucre very
pubescent.--Alluvial ground, Md. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward.
[+][+][+] _Leaves sessile or nearly so, with a narrow base, mostly
opposite; heads mostly 5-flowered._
[=] _Involucral scales with white and scarious acute tips._
4. E. album, L. _Roughish-hairy_ (2 deg. high), _leaves oblong-lanceolate,
coarsely toothed, veiny_; heads clustered in the corymb; _involucral
scales_ closely imbricated, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, _longer than the
flowers_.--Sandy and barren places, pine barrens of Long Island to Va.,
and southward.
Var. subvenosum, Gray. Less rough; leaves 1--2' long, finely toothed and
less veiny.--Long Island and N. J.
5. E. leucolepis, Torr. & Gray. Minutely pubescent, simple (1--2 deg. high);
_leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, 1-nerved_, obtuse, _minutely
serrate, rough both sides_; corymb hoary.--Sandy bogs, Long Island,
N. J., and southward.
[=][=] _Scales not scarious or obscurely so, obtuse, at length shorter
than the flowers._
6. E. hyssopifolium, L. Minutely pubescent (1--2 deg. high); _leaves narrow,
linear or lanceolate_, elongated, obtuse, 1--3-nerved, entire, or the
lower toothed, often crowded in the axils, _acute at the base_.--Sterile
soil, Mass. to Va., E. Ky., and southward.
Var. laciniatum, Gray. Leaves irregularly and coarsely toothed or
laciniate.--Penn., Ky., and southward.
7. E. semiserratum, DC. Minutely velvety-pubescent, branching (2--3 deg.
high); _leaves lanceolate or oblong, triple-ribbed and veiny_, serrate
above the middle, _tapering to the base_, the lower slightly petioled;
heads small. (E. parviflorum, _Ell._)--Damp soil, Va. to Ark., and
southward.--Leaves sometimes whorled in threes, or the upper alternate.
8. E. altissimum, L. Stem stout and tall (3--7 deg. high), _downy; leaves
lanceolate, tapering at both ends, conspicuously 3-nerved_, entire, or
toothed above the middle, the uppermost alternate; corymbs dense;
_scales of the involucre obtuse_, shorter than the flowers.--Dry soil,
Penn. to Minn. and Ky.--Leaves 3--4' long, somewhat like those of a
Solidago.
[+][+][+][+] _Leaves sessile or nearly so, with a broad base, opposite
or in threes; heads pubescent._
[=] _Heads 5--8-flowered; leaves not clasping._
9. E. teucrifolium, Willd. Roughish-pubescent (2--8 deg. high); _leaves
ovate-oblong and ovate-lanceolate_, obtuse or truncate at base, slightly
triple-nerved, veiny, _coarsely toothed or incised toward the base, the
lower shortly petioled, the upper alternate_; branches of the corymb
few, unequal; _scales of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, at length
shorter than the flowers_.--Low grounds, Mass. to Va., and southward
near the coast.
10. E. rotundifolium, L. Downy-pubescent (2 deg. high); _leaves
roundish-ovate, obtuse_, truncate or slightly heart-shaped at the base,
deeply crenate-toothed, triple-nerved, veiny, roughish (1--2' long);
corymb large and dense; _scales of the (5-flowered) involucre
linear-lanceolate_, slightly pointed.--Dry soil, R. I. to Va., near the
coast, and southward.
Var. ovatum, Torr. Usually taller, leaves ovate, acute, hardly truncate
at base, more strongly serrate; heads 5--8-flowered. (E. pubescens,
_Muhl._)--Mass. to Va., near the coast.
11. E. sessilifolium, L. (UPLAND BONESET.) Stem tall (4--6 deg. high),
_smooth_, branching; _leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, tapering from
near the rounded sessile base to the sharp point_, serrate, veiny,
smooth (3--6' long); corymb very compound, pubescent; _scales of the
5-flowered involucre oval and oblong, obtuse_.--Copses and banks, Mass.
to Ill., and southward along the mountains.
[=][=] _Leaves opposite, clasping or united at the base, long, widely
spreading; heads mostly 10--15-flowered; corymbs very compound and
large._
12. E. perfoliatum, L. (THOROUGHWORT. BONESET.) Stem stout (2--4 deg. high),
_hairy; leaves lanceolate, united at the base around the stem_
(connate-perfoliate), tapering to a slender point, serrate, very veiny,
wrinkled, downy beneath (5--8' long); scales of the involucre
linear-lanceolate.--Low grounds; common and well-known.--Varies with the
heads 30--40-flowered, or with some or all of the leaves separated and
truncate at base.
Var. cuneatum, Engelm. Leaves smaller, narrowed at base and separate,
and heads fewer-flowered. Perhaps a hybrid with n. 7.--Mo. and
southward.
13. E. resinosum, Torr. _Minutely velvety-downy_ (2--3 deg. high); _leaves
linear-lanceolate, elongated_, serrate, _partly clasping_, tapering to
the point, slightly veiny beneath (4--6' long); scales of the involucre
oval, obtuse.--Wet pine barrens, N. J.--Name from the copious resinous
globules of the leaves.
[*][*][*] _Heads 8--30-flowered; involucral scales nearly equal, in one
row; leaves opposite, ovate, petioled, triple-nerved, not
resinous-dotted; flowers white._
14. E. ageratoides, L. (WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.) Smooth, branching (3 deg. high);
_leaves broadly ovate, pointed, coarsely and sharply toothed,
long-petioled_, thin (3--5' long); corymbs compound.--Rich woods; common
northward.
15. E. aromaticum, L. Smooth or slightly downy; stems nearly simple;
_leaves on short petioles, ovate, rather obtusely toothed, not pointed_,
thickish.--Copses, Mass. to Va., and southward, near the coast.--Lower
and more slender than n. 14, with fewer, but usually larger heads; not
aromatic.
Sec. 2. CONOCLINIUM. _Receptacle conical; involucral scales nearly equal,
somewhat imbricated._
16. E. coelestinum, L. (MIST-FLOWER.) Somewhat pubescent (1--2 deg. high),
leaves opposite, petiolate, triangular-ovate and slightly heart-shaped,
coarsely and bluntly toothed; heads many-flowered, in compact cymes;
flowers blue or violet. (Conoclinium coelestinum, _DC._)--Rich soil,
N. J. to Mich., Ill., and southward. Sept.
6. KUHNIA, L.
Heads discoid, 10--25-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales thin,
few and loosely imbricated, narrow, striate-nerved. Corolla slender,
5-toothed. Achenes cylindrical, 10-striate; pappus a single row of very
plumose (white) bristles.--A perennial herb, resinous-dotted, with
mostly alternate leaves, and paniculate-corymbose heads of cream-colored
flowers. (Dedicated to _Dr. Kuhn_, of Pennsylvania, who carried the
living plant to Linnaeus.)
1. K. eupatorioides, L. Stems 2--3 deg. high; pubescence minute; leaves
varying from broadly lanceolate and toothed, to linear and entire.--Dry
soil, N. J. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Sept. Very variable.--Var.
CORYMBULOSA, Torr. & Gray, is a western form, stouter and somewhat more
pubescent, the heads rather crowded.
7. BRICKELLIA, Ell.
Characters as in Kuhnia; involucral scales more numerous, and the
bristles of the pappus merely scabrous or at the most barbellate or
subplumose; leaves often all opposite. (_Dr. John Brickell_ of Georgia,
correspondent of Elliott and Muhlenberg.)
1. B. grandiflora, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, 2--3 deg. high; leaves deltoid,
cordate, the upper deltoid-lanceolate, coarsely dentate-serrate,
acuminate, 4' long or less; heads about 40-flowered.--Shannon Co., Mo.
(_Bush_), Kan. to Col., New Mex., and westward.
8. LIATRIS, Schreb. BUTTON SNAKEROOT. BLAZING-STAR.
Head discoid, few--many-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales
well imbricated, appressed. Receptacle naked. Corolla 5-lobed, the lobes
long and slender. Achenes slender, tapering to the base, 10-ribbed.
Pappus of 15--40 capillary bristles, manifestly plumose or only
barbellate.--Perennial herbs, often resinous-dotted, with simple stems
from a roundish corm or tuber, rigid alternate narrow entire leaves
(sometimes twisted so as to become vertical), and spicate or racemed
heads of handsome rose-purple flowers, appearing late in summer or in
autumn. (Derivation of the name unknown.)
[*] _Pappus very plumose; scales of the 5-flowered involucre with ovate
or lanceolate spreading petal-like (purple or sometimes white) tips,
exceeding the flowers._
1. L. elegans, Willd. Stem (2--3 deg. high) and involucre hairy; leaves
linear, short and spreading; spike or raceme compact (3--20'
long).--Barren soil, Va. and southward.
[*][*] _Pappus very plumose; scales of the cylindrical many-flowered
involucre imbricated in many rows, the tips rigid, not petal-like;
corolla-lobes hairy within._
2. L. squarrosa, Willd. (BLAZING-STAR, etc.) Often hairy (6'--2 deg. high);
leaves rigid, linear, elongated; heads usually few (1' long); _scales
mostly with elongated and leaf-like spreading tips._--Dry soil, Penn. to
Minn., and southward.--Var. INTERMEDIA, DC. Heads narrow; scales
shorter, erect or nearly so.--Ont. to Neb. and Tex.
3. L. cylindracea, Michx. Commonly smooth (6--18' high); leaves linear;
_heads_ few (1/2--{2/3}' long); _scales with short and rounded abruptly
mucronate appressed tips._--Dry open places, Niagara Falls to Minn. and
Mo.
[*][*][*] _Pappus very plumose; heads 4--6-flowered; scales acuminate;
corolla-lobes naked._
4. L. punctata, Hook. Stout (10--30' high), from a branching or globose
rootstock; leaves narrowly linear or the upper acerose, rigid; heads
usually many in a dense spike.--Minn. to Kan., and southward.
[*][*][*][*] _Pappus not obviously plumose to the naked eye;
corolla-lobes smooth inside._
5. L. scariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2--5 deg. high), pubescent or hoary;
_leaves_ (smooth, rough, or pubescent) _lanceolate_; the lowest
_oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong_, tapering into a petiole; heads
few or many, large, 25--40-flowered; _scales of the broad or depressed
involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry and scarious
often colored tips or margins._--Dry soil, New Eng. to Minn., and
southward.--Widely variable; heads 1' or less in diameter.
6. L. pycnostachya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish; stem stout (3--5 deg. high),
very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear;
_spike thick and dense_ (6--20' long), heads about 5-flowered (1/2' long);
_scales of the cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved
or spreading colored tips_.--Prairies, from Ind. to Minn., and
southward.
7. L. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy, stout
(2--5 deg. high); leaves linear, the lower 3--5-nerved; heads 8--12-flowered
({1/3}--1/2' long), crowded in a long spike; _scales of the
cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre oblong or oval, obtuse, appressed,
with slight margins; achenes pubescent or smoothish_.--Moist grounds;
common from Mass. to Minn., and southward.--Involucre often resinous,
very smooth.
Var. montana, Gray. Low and stout; leaves broader, obtuse; spike short
and heads large.--Mountain-tops, Va., and southward.
8. L. graminifolia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish; stem (1--3 deg. high)
slender, leafy; leaves linear, elongated, 1-nerved; heads several or
numerous, in a spike or raceme, 7--12-flowered; _scales of the obconical
or obovoid involucre spatulate or oblong, obtuse, or somewhat pointed,
rigid, appressed; achenes hairy_.--Va. and southward.--Inflorescence
sometimes panicled, especially in
Var. dubia, Gray. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid,
oblong, often ciliate.--Wet pine barrens, N. J., and southward.
9. TRILISA, Cass.
Heads discoid, 5--10-flowered; flowers perfect. Involucral scales nearly
equal, little imbricated. Receptacle naked. Corolla-lobes short-ovate or
oblong. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus of rather rigid bristles, not
plumose.--Perennial herbs, fibrous-rooted, with broad entire leaves,
obscurely or not at all punctate, and cymules of small heads in a thyrse
or panicle. Flowers rose-purple, in autumn. (Name an anagram of
_Liatris_.)
1. T. odoratissima, Cass. (VANILLA-PLANT.) _Very smooth; leaves pale_,
thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping; _heads
corymbed_. (Liatris odoratissima, _Willd._)--Low pine barrens, Va., and
southward.--Leaves exhaling the odor of Vanilla when bruised.
2. T. paniculata, Cass. _Viscid-hairy_; leaves narrowly oblong or
lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, _heads
panicled_. (Liatris paniculata, _Willd._)--Va. and southward.
10. GUTIERREZIA, Lag.
Heads few--several-flowered, radiate; rays 1--6, pistillate. Involucre
oblong-clavate; scales coriaceous with green tips, closely imbricated,
the outer shorter. Receptacle small, naked. Achenes short,
terete; pappus of about 9 chaffy scales, shorter in the
ray-flowers.--Suffrutescent (our species), glabrous and often glutinous,
much branched, with narrowly linear entire alternate leaves, and small
heads of yellow flowers in fastigiate or paniculate cymes. (From
_Gutierrez_, a noble Spanish family.)
1. G. Euthamiae, Torr. & Gray. Low; leaves numerous, 1--2' long; heads
usually crowded, the disk- and short ray-flowers usually 3 or 4
each.--Dry plains, Mont. and Minn. to central Kan., southward and
westward.
11. AMPHIACHYRIS, Nutt.
Heads hemispherical; rays 5--10. Disk-flowers perfect but infertile.
Pappus of the ray minute, coroniform; of the disk-flowers of almost
bristle-like scales, more or less dilated and united at base.--A
diffusely much-branched annual, with heads solitary on the branchlets;
otherwise as Gutierrezia. (From [Greek: a)mphi/], _around_, and [Greek:
a)/chyron], _chaff_.)
1. A. dracunculoides, Nutt. Rather low, slender; leaves narrowly linear,
the upper filiform; disk-flowers 10--20, their pappus of 5--8
bristle-like chaff united at base and slightly dilated upward.--Plains,
Kan. and southward.
12. GRINDELIA, Willd.
Heads many-flowered, radiate (or rayless); ray pistillate. Scales of the
hemispherical involucre imbricated in several series, with slender more
or less spreading green tips. Achenes short and thick, compressed or
turgid, truncate, glabrous; pappus of 2--8 caducous awns. Coarse
perennial or biennial herbs, often resinous-viscid, ours glabrous and
leafy with sessile or clasping alternate and spinulose-serrate or
laciniate rigid leaves, and large heads terminating leafy branches. Disk
and ray yellow. (Prof. _Grindel_, a Russian botanist.)
1. G. squarrosa, Dunal. Leaves spatulate- to linear-oblong; involucre
squarrose; achenes not toothed; pappus-awns 2 or 3.--Prairies, Minn.,
southward and westward; Evanston, Ill.--Var. NUDA, Gray. Rays wanting.
About St. Louis and westward.
2. G. lanceolata, Nutt. Leaves lanceolate or linear; involucral scales
erect or the lower tips spreading; achenes with 1 or 2 short teeth at
the summit; awns 2.--Prairies, eastern Kan. to Ark., and southward.
13. HETEROTHECA, Cass.
Characters as in Chrysopsis, but the achenes of the ray thickish or
triangular, without pappus or obscurely crowned, and those of the disk
compressed, with a double pappus, the inner of numerous long bristles,
the outer of many short and stout bristles.--(From [Greek: e(/teros],
_different_, and [Greek: the/ke], _case_, alluding to the unlike
achenes.)
1. H. Lamarckii, Cass. Annual or biennial, 1--3 deg. high, bearing numerous
small heads; leaves oval or oblong, the lower with petioles auricled at
base, the upper mostly subcordate-clasping.--S. E. Kan., and southward.
14. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays numerous, pistillate. Involucral
scales linear, imbricated, without herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat.
Achenes obovate or linear-oblong, flattened, hairy; pappus in all the
flowers double, the outer of very short and somewhat chaffy bristles,
the inner of long capillary bristles.--Chiefly perennial, low herbs,
woolly or hairy, with rather large often corymbose heads terminating the
branches. Disk and ray-flowers yellow. (Name composed of [Greek:
chryso/s], _gold_, and [Greek: o)/psis], _aspect_, from the golden
blossoms.)
[*] _Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear; achenes linear._
1. C. graminifolia, Nutt. _Silvery-silky_, with long close-pressed
hairs; stem slender, often with runners from the base, naked above,
bearing few heads; _leaves lanceolate or linear, elongated, grass-like,
nerved, shining_, entire.--Dry sandy soil, Del. to Va., and southward.
July--Oct.
2. C. falcata, Ell. _Stems_ (4--10' high) very woolly; _leaves crowded,
linear, rigid, about 3-nerved_, entire, _somewhat recurved or
scythe-shaped, hairy_, or smooth when old, sessile; heads (small)
corymbed.--Dry sandy soil on the coast, pine barrens of N. J. to
Nantucket and Cape Cod, Mass. Aug.
[*][*] _Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly
sessile, veined, not nerved; achenes obovate, flattened._
3. C. gossypina, Nutt. _Densely woolly all over; leaves spatulate or
oblong, obtuse_ (1--2' long); heads larger than in the next.--Pine
barrens, Va., and southward. Aug.--Oct.
4. C. Mariana, Nutt. _Silky with long and weak hairs_, or when old
smoothish; _leaves oblong_; heads corymbed, on glandular peduncles.--Dry
barrens, from S. New York and Penn., southward, near the coast.
Aug.--Oct.
5. C. villosa, Nutt. _Hirsute and villous-pubescent_; stem corymbosely
branched, the branches terminated by single short-peduncled heads;
_leaves narrowly oblong, hoary with rough pubescence_ (as also the
involucre), _bristly-ciliate_ toward the base.--Dry plains and prairies,
Wisc. to Ky., and westward. July--Sept. Very variable.--Var. HISPIDA,
Gray. Low, hirsute and hispid, not canescent; heads small. Kan., west
and southward.--Var. CANESCENS, Gray. Wholly canescent with short
appressed pubescence; leaves narrow, mostly oblanceolate.--Kan. to Tex.
6. C. pilosa, Nutt. Annual, soft-hirsute or villous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate; involucre viscid; outer pappus chaffy and
conspicuous--Kan. and southward.
15. APLOPAPPUS, Cass.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays many, pistillate. Involucre
hemispherical, of many closely imbricated scales in several series.
Receptacle flat. Achenes short, turbinate to linear; pappus simple, of
numerous unequal bristles.--Mostly herbaceous perennials, with alternate
rigid leaves. Ray- and disk-flowers yellow. (From [Greek: a(plo/os],
_simple_, and [Greek: pa/ppos], _pappus_.)
1. A. ciliatus, DC. Annual or biennial, glabrous, 2--5 deg. high, leafy;
leaves oval (or lower obovate), obtuse, dentate with bristle-pointed
teeth; heads very large, few and clustered, the outer scales spreading;
achenes glabrous, the central abortive.--Mo., Kan., and southward.
2. A. spinulosus, DC. Perennial, branching, puberulent or glabrate, low;
leaves narrow, pinnately or bipinnately parted, the lobes and teeth
bristle-tipped; heads small, the appressed scales bristle-tipped;
achenes pubescent.--Minn. to Kan., and southward.
3. A. divaricatus, Gray. Annual, 1--2 deg. high, slender and diffusely
paniculate, rough-pubescent or glabrate; leaves rigid, narrow, entire or
with a few spinulose teeth, much reduced above; heads small and narrow,
the appressed scales subulate, attenuate; achenes silky.--Southern Kan.
16. BIGELOVIA, DC. RAYLESS GOLDEN-ROD.
Heads 3--4-flowered, the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre
club-shaped, yellowish; the rigid somewhat glutinous scales linear,
closely imbricated and appressed. Receptacle narrow, with an awl-shaped
prolongation in centre. Achenes somewhat obconical, hairy; pappus a
single row of capillary bristles.--Flowers yellow. Leaves scattered,
oblanceolate or linear, 1--3-nerved. A large western genus, few species
approaching our limits. (Dedicated by De Candolle to _Dr. Jacob
Bigelow_, author of the Florula Bostoniensis, and of the American
Medical Botany.)
1. B. nudata, DC. A smooth perennial; the slender stem (1--2 deg. high)
simple or branched from the base, naked above, corymbose at the summit,
bearing small heads in a flat-topped corymb.--Low pine barrens, N. J.
(rare), and southward. Sept.
17. SOLIDAGO, L. GOLDEN-ROD.