root-leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate, with the _terminal
leaflet very large and round-heart-shaped_; lateral leaflets of the
stem-leaves 2--4, minute, the terminal roundish, 3-cleft, the _lobes
wedge-form and rounded; receptacle nearly naked_.--N. Scotia and N. Eng.
to Minn., Mo., and westward. June. (Eu.)
4. G. strictum, Ait. Somewhat hairy (3--5 deg. high); root-leaves
interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets wedge-obovate; _leaflets of the
stem-leaves 3--5, rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute; receptacle
downy._--Moist meadows, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn., Kan., and
westward. July, Aug. (Eu.)
Sec. 2. STYLIPUS. _Styles smooth; head of fruit conspicuously stalked in
the calyx; bractlets of the calyx none, otherwise nearly as Sec. 1._
5. G. vernum, Torr. & Gray. Somewhat pubescent; stems ascending,
few-leaved, slender; root-leaves roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed, or
some of them pinnate, with the lobes cut; petals yellow, about the
length of the calyx; receptacle smooth.--Thickets, Penn. to Ill., south
to Ky. and Tex. April--June.
Sec. 3. CARYOPHYLLATA. _Style jointed and bent in the middle, the upper
joint plumose; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading; petals erect._
6. G. rivale, L. (WATER, or PURPLE AVENS.)--Stems nearly simple,
several-flowered (2 deg. high); root-leaves lyrate and interruptedly
pinnate, those of the stem few, 3-foliolate or 3-lobed; petals
dilated-obovate, retuse, contracted into a claw, purplish-orange; head
of fruit stalked in the brown-purple calyx.--Bogs and wet meadows, Newf.
to N. J., west to Minn. and Mo.--Flowers nodding; pedicels erect in
fruit. (Eu.)
Sec. 4. SIEVERSIA. _Style not jointed, wholly persistent and straight; head
of fruit sessile; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading. (Flowering
stems simple, and bearing only bracts or small leaves.)_
7. G. triflorum, Pursh. Low, softly-hairy; root-leaves interruptedly
pinnate; leaflets very numerous and crowded, oblong-wedge-form, deeply
cut-toothed; flowers 3 or more on long peduncles; _bractlets linear,
longer than the purple calyx, as long as the oblong purplish erect
petals; styles very long (2'), strongly plumose in fruit_.--Rocks, Lab.
and northern N. Eng., to Minn. and Mo., rare. April--June.
8. G. radiatum, Michx. Hirsutely hairy or smoothish; _root-leaves
rounded-kidney-shaped_, radiate-veined (2--5' broad), doubly or
irregularly cut-toothed and obscurely 5--7-lobed, also a set of minute
leaflets down the long petiole; stems (8--18' high) 1--5-flowered;
_bractlets minute; petals yellow, round-obovate_ and more or less
obcordate, exceeding the calyx (1/2' long), _spreading; styles naked_
except the base. (High mountains of N. C.)
Var. Peckii, Gray. Nearly glabrous, or the stalks and veins of the
leaves sparsely hirsute.--Alpine tops of the White Mts.
* * * * *
DRYAS OCTOPETALA, L., a dwarf matted slightly shrubby plant, with simple
toothed leaves and large white solitary flowers, has the characters of
this section excepting its 8--9-parted calyx and 8 or 9 petals. It was
said by Pursh to have been found on the White Mountains, N. H., ninety
years ago, but it is not known to have been seen there since.
8. WALDSTEINIA, Willd.
Calyx-tube inversely conical; the limb 5-cleft, with 5 often minute and
deciduous bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens many, inserted into the throat of
the calyx. Achenes 2--6, minutely hairy; the terminal slender styles
deciduous from the base by a joint. Seed erect; radicle inferior.--Low
perennial herbs, with chiefly radical 3--5-lobed or divided leaves, and
small yellow flowers on bracted scapes. (Named in honor of _Francis von
Waldstein_, a German botanist.)
1. W. fragarioides, Tratt. (BARREN STRAWBERRY.) Low; leaflets 3, broadly
wedge-form, cut-toothed, scapes several-flowered; petals longer than the
calyx.--Wooded hillsides, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Ind., Mich., and Minn.
9. FRAGARIA, Tourn. STRAWBERRY.
Flowers nearly as in Potentilla. Styles deeply lateral. Receptacle in
fruit much enlarged and conical, becoming pulpy and scarlet, bearing the
minute dry achenes scattered over its surface.--Stemless perennials,
with runners, and with white cymose flowers on scapes. Leaves radical;
leaflets 3, obovate-wedge-form, coarsely serrate, stipules cohering with
the base of the petioles, which with the scapes are usually hairy. (Name
from the fragrance of the fruit.)--Flowering in spring. (The species are
indiscriminately called WILD STRAWBERRY.)
1. F. Virginiana, Mill. _Achenes imbedded in the deeply pitted fruiting
receptacle_, which usually has a narrow neck, calyx becoming erect after
flowering and connivent over the hairy receptacle when sterile or
unfructified; _leaflets of a firm or coriaceous texture; the hairs of
the scapes_, and especially of the _pedicels, silky and
appressed_.--Moist or rich woodlands, fields, etc.; common.
Var. Illinoensis, Gray, is a coarser or larger plant, with flowers more
inclined to be polygamo-dioecious, and the _villous hairs of the scape
and pedicels widely spreading_.--Rich soil, western N. Y. to Minn., and
westward.
2. F. vesca, L. _Achenes superficial on the glabrous conical or
hemispherical fruiting receptacle_ (not sunk in pits); calyx remaining
spreading or reflexed; hairs on the scape mostly widely spreading, on
the pedicels appressed; _leaflets thin_, even the upper face strongly
marked by the veins.--Fields and rocky places; less common. (Eu.)
F. INDICA, L., differing from the true strawberries in having leafy
runners, a calyx with incised leafy bractlets larger than the sepals,
_yellow petals_, and _insipid fruit_, has become somewhat established
near Philadelphia and in the S. States; an escape from cultivation.
Flowers and fruit produced through the summer and autumn. (Adv. from
India.)
10. POTENTILLA, L. CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.
Calyx flat, deeply 5-cleft, with as many bractlets at the sinuses, thus
appearing 10-cleft. Petals 5, usually roundish. Stamens many. Achenes
many, collected in a head on the dry mostly pubescent or hairy
receptacle; styles lateral or terminal, deciduous. Radicle
superior.--Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with compound leaves, and solitary
or cymose flowers; their parts rarely in fours. (Name a diminutive from
_potens_, powerful, originally applied to P. Anserina, from its once
reputed medicinal powers.)
Sec. 1. _Styles thickened and glandular toward the base; achenes glabrous,
numerous; inflorescence cymose._
[*] _Style nearly basal; stamens 25--30; perennial glandular-villous
herbs, with pinnate leaves, and rather large white or yellow flowers._
1. P. arguta, Pursh. Stems erect, usually stout (1--4 deg. high),
brownish-hairy, clammy above; leaflets 7--11, oval or ovate,
cut-serrate, downy beneath; cyme strict and rather close; stamens mostly
30, on a thick glandular disk.--Rocky hills, N. Brunswick to N. J.,
Minn., Kan., and westward.
[*][*] _Style terminal; flowers small, yellow; leaves pinnate or
ternate._
[+] _Annual or biennial; leaflets incisely serrate, not white-tomentose;
stamens 5--20._
2. P. Norvegica, L. _Stout, erect, hirsute_ (1/2--2 deg. high); _leaves
ternate_; leaflets obovate or oblong-lanceolate; _cyme rather close_,
leafy; _calyx large_; stamens 15 (rarely 20).--Lab. to N. J., west to
Minn. and Kan. (Eu.)
3. P. rivalis, Nutt. _More slender and branched, softly villous; leaves
pinnate, with two pairs of closely approximate leaflets, or a single
pair and the terminal leaflet 3-parted_; leaflets cuneate-obovate or
-oblong; _cyme loose, often diffuse_, less leafy; _calyx small_; petals
minute; stamens 10--20 (rarely 5).--Neb. to Mo. and N. Mex., and
westward.
Var. millegrana, Watson. Leaves all ternate; stems erect, or weak and
ascending; achenes often small and light-colored.--Minn. to Mo.,
N. Mex., and westward.
Var. pentandra, Watson. Leaves ternate, the lateral leaflets of the
lower leaves parted nearly to the base; stamens 5, opposite to the
sepals.--Iowa, Mo., and Ark.
4. P. supina, L. _Stems decumbent at base_ or erect, often stout, leafy,
_subvillous; leaflets pinnately 5--11_, obovate or oblong; _cyme loose,
leafy_; stamens 20; _achenes strongly gibbous on the ventral side_. (P.
paradoxa, _Nutt._)--Minn. to Mo., and westward; also eastward along the
Great Lakes.--Var. NICOLLETII, Watson. Slender; leaflets mostly but 3;
inflorescence much elongated, leafy, and falsely racemose.--Devil's
Lake, Minn.
[+][+] _Herbaceous perennials, more or less white-tomentose; leaflets
incisely pinnatifid; bractlets and sepals nearly equal; stamens 20--25._
5. P. Pennsylvanica, L. Stems erect or decumbent at base (1/2--2 deg. high);
leaflets 5--9, white-tomentose beneath, short-pubescent and greener
above, oblong, obtuse, the linear segments slightly or not at all
revolute; cyme fastigiate but rather open.--Coast of Maine, N. H., and
the lower St. Lawrence, L. Superior, and westward. July, Aug.--Var.
STRIGOSA, Lehm. Stems 6--12' high; silky-tomentose throughout; leaflets
deeply pinnatifid, the margins of the narrow lobes revolute; cyme short
and close.--Minn. and westward.
Sec. 2. _Styles filiform, not glandular at base; inflorescence cymose._
[*] _Style terminal; achenes glabrous; stamens 20; herbaceous
perennials, with rather large yellow flowers._
[+] _Leaves pinnate._
6. P. Hippiana, Lehm. Densely white-tomentose and silky throughout, the
upper surface of the leaves a little darker; stems ascending (1--11/2 deg.
high), slender, branching above into a diffuse cyme; leaflets 5--11,
cuneate-oblong, _incisely toothed at least toward the apex, diminishing
uniformly down the petiole_; carpels 10--30.--N. W. Minn., and westward.
7. P. effusa, Dougl. Tomentose throughout, with scattered villous hairs;
stems ascending (4--12' high), diffusely branched above; leaflets 5--11,
_interruptedly pinnate, the alternate ones smaller_, cuneate-oblong,
_coarsely-incised-serrate or dentate_; carpels 10.--W. Minn. to Mont.
and Col.
[+][+] _Leaves palmate, of 3 or 5 leaflets; tomentose or villous._
8. P. argentea, L. (SILVERY CINQUE-FOIL.) Stems ascending, paniculately
branched at the summit, many-flowered, white-woolly; leaflets 5,
wedge-oblong, almost pinnatifid, entire toward the base, with revolute
margins, green above, white with silvery wool beneath.--Dry barren
fields, etc., N. Scotia to N. J., west to Dak. and E. Kan. June--Sept.
(Eu.)
9. P. frigida, Vill. Dwarf (1--3' high), tufted, villous when young;
leaflets 3, broadly cuneate-obovate, deeply 3--5-toothed at summit,
nearly glabrous above; flowers mostly solitary, small, on very slender
stems; bractlets and sepals equal.--Alpine summits of the White Mts.
(Eu.)
[*][*] _Style lateral; purple petals (shorter than the broad calyx)
somewhat persistent; disk thick and hairy; achenes glabrous; hairy
receptacle becoming large and spongy._
10. P. palustris, Scop. (MARSH FIVE-FINGER.) Stems stout, ascending from
a decumbent rooting perennial base (1/2--2 deg. long), glabrous below; leaves
pinnate; leaflets 5--7, oblong, serrate, lighter colored and more or
less pubescent beneath; flowers few in an open cyme; calyx (1' broad)
dark purple inside.--Cool bogs, N. J. to N. Ind., Ill., Minn., and
northward. (Eu.)
[*][*][*] _Style attached below the middle; achenes and receptacle
densely villous; woody perennials._
11. P. fruticosa, L. (SHRUBBY CINQUE-FOIL.) _Stem erect, shrubby_ (1--4 deg.
high), much branched; _leaves pinnate, leaflets 5--7_, crowded,
oblong-lanceolate, _entire_, silky, usually whiter beneath and the
margins revolute; _petals yellow, orbicular_.--Wet grounds, Lab. to
N. J., west to Minn., northern Iowa, and north and westward. June--Sept.
(Eu.)
12. P. tridentata, Ait. (THREE-TOOTHED C.) Stems low (1--10' high),
rather woody at base, tufted, ascending, cymosely several-flowered;
_leaves palmate; leaflets 3_, wedge-oblong, nearly smooth, thick,
_coarsely 3-toothed at the apex; petals white_; achenes and receptacle
very hairy.--Coast of N. Eng. from Cape Cod northward, Norfolk, Ct.
(_Barbour_), and mountain-tops of the Alleghanies; also shores of the
upper Great Lakes, and N. Iowa, Wisc., and Minn.
Sec. 3. _Styles filiform, lateral; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1-flowered; achenes glabrous; receptacle very villous; herbaceous
perennials, with yellow flowers._
13. P. Anserina, L. (SILVER-WEED.) _Spreading by slender many-jointed
runners, white-tomentose and silky-villous; leaves all radical,
pinnate_; leaflets 7--21, with smaller ones interposed, _oblong_,
sharply serrate, silky tomentose at least beneath; bractlets and
stipules often incisely cleft; peduncles elongated.--Brackish marshes,
river-banks, etc., New Eng. to N. J., N. Ind., Minn., and northward.
(Eu.)
14. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON CINQUE-FOIL or FIVE-FINGER.) _Stems
slender and decumbent or prostrate_, or sometimes erect; _pubescence
villous, often scanty; leaves ternate, but apparently quinate_ by the
parting of the lateral leaflets; _leaflets cuneate-oblong or -obovate_,
incisely serrate, nearly glabrous above; bractlets entire.--Dry soil;
common and variable. Apr.--July.--Often producing summer runners.
11. SIBBALDIA, L.
Calyx flattish, 5-cleft, with 5 bractlets. Petals 5, linear-oblong,
minute. Stamens 5, inserted alternate with the petals into the margin of
the woolly disk which lines the base of the calyx. Achenes 5--10; styles
lateral.--Low and depressed mountain perennials; included by some in
Potentilla. (Dedicated to _Dr. Robert Sibbald_, professor at Edinburgh
at the close of the 17th century.)
1. S. procumbens, L. Leaflets 3, wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at the apex;
petals yellow.--Alpine summits of the White Mts., and northward. (Eu.)
12. ALCHEMILLA, Tourn. LADY'S MANTLE.
Calyx-tube inversely conical, contracted at the throat; limb 4-parted
with as many alternate accessory lobes. Petals none. Stamens 1--4.
Pistils 1--4; the slender style arising from near the base; achenes
included in the tube of the persistent calyx.--Low herbs, with palmately
lobed or compound leaves, and small corymbed greenish flowers. (From
_Alkemelyeh_, the Arabic name, having reference to the silky pubescence
of some species.)
A. ARVENSIS, Scop. (PARSLEY PIERT.) Small annual (3--8' high), leafy;
leaves 3-parted, with the wedge-shaped lobes 2--3-cleft, pubescent;
flowers fascicled opposite the axils.--Va. and N. C. (Adv. from Eu.)
13. AGRIMONIA, Tourn. AGRIMONY.
Calyx-tube top-shaped, contracted at the throat, beset with hooked
bristles above, indurated in fruit and enclosing the 2 achenes; the limb
5-cleft, closed after flowering. Petals 5. Stamens 5--15. Styles
terminal. Seed suspended.--Perennial herbs, with interruptedly pinnate
leaves, and yellow flowers in slender spiked racemes; bracts 3-cleft.
(Name a corruption of _Argemonia_, of the same derivation as Argemone,
p. 59.)
1. A. Eupatoria, L. (COMMON AGRIMONY.) _Leaflets 5--7 with minute ones
intermixed, oblong-obovate_, coarsely toothed; petals twice the length
of the calyx.--Borders of woods, common. July--Sept. (Eu.)
2. A. parviflora, Ait. (SMALL-FLOWERED A.) _Leaflets crowded, 11--19,
with smaller ones intermixed, lanceolate_, acute, deeply and regularly
cut-serrate, as well as the stipules; petals small.--Woods and glades,
N. Y. and N. J. to Ga., west to Mich., Kan., and La.
14. POTERIUM, L. BURNET.
Calyx with a top-shaped tube, constricted at the throat, persistent; the
4 broad petal-like spreading lobes imbricated in the bud, deciduous.
Petals none. Stamens 4--12 or more, with flaccid filaments and short
anthers. Pistils 1--3; the slender terminal style tipped with a tufted
or brush-like stigma. Achene (commonly solitary) enclosed in the
4-angled dry and thickish closed calyx-tube. Seed suspended.--Chiefly
perennial herbs, with unequally pinnate leaves, stipules coherent with
the petiole, and small, often polygamous or dioecious flowers crowded in
a dense head or spike at the summit of a long and naked peduncle, each
bracteate and 2-bracteolate. (Name [Greek: pote/rion], _a drinking-cup_,
the foliage of Burnet having been used in the preparation of some
medicinal drink.)
1. P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. (CANADIAN BURNET.) Stamens 4,
long-exserted, club-shaped, white, as is the whole of the elongated and
cylindrical spike; stem 3--6 deg. high; leaflets numerous, ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate, obtuse, heart shaped at base, as if
stipellate; stipules serrate.--Bogs and wet meadows, Newf. to mountains
of Ga., west to Mich.
P. SANGUISORBA, L. (GARDEN BURNET.) Stamens 12 or more in the lower
flowers of the globular greenish head, with drooping capillary
filaments, the upper flowers pistillate only; stems about 1 deg. high;
leaflets numerous, small, ovate, deeply cut.--Fields and rocks, N. Y. to
Md. (Adv. from Eu.)
15. ROSA, Tourn. ROSE.
Calyx-tube urn-shaped, contracted at the mouth, becoming fleshy in
fruit. Petals 5, obovate or obcordate, inserted with the many stamens
into the edge of the hollow thin disk that lines the calyx-tube and
within bears the numerous pistils below. Ovaries hairy, becoming bony
achenes in fruit.--Shrubby and usually spiny or prickly, with
odd-pinnate leaves, and stipules cohering with the petiole; stalks,
foliage, etc., often bearing aromatic glands. Many of the species are
very variable in their characters, and are often indeterminable upon
imperfect specimens. (The ancient Latin name.)
[*] _Styles cohering in a protruding column, as long as the stamens._
1. R. setigera, Michx. (CLIMBING or PRAIRIE ROSE.) Stems climbing, armed
with stout nearly straight scattered prickles, not bristly; leaflets
3--5, ovate, acute, sharply serrate, smooth or downy beneath; stalks and
calyx glandular; flowers corymbed; sepals pointed; petals deep
rose-color changing to white; fruit (hip) globular.--Borders of prairies
and thickets, Ont. to Ohio, S. C., and Fla., west to Wisc., Neb., and
Tex.; also cultivated. July.--The only American climbing rose, or with
united protruding styles; strong shoots growing 10--20 deg. in a season.
[*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals connivent after flowering and
persistent; pedicels and receptacles naked._
[+] _Fruit oblong-obovate to oblong; infrastipular spines usually none._
2. R. Engelmanni, Watson. Stems usually 3--4 deg. high or less;
infrastipular spines, when present, straight and slender; prickles often
abundant; leaflets 5--7, often somewhat resinous-puberulent beneath and
the teeth serrulate; flowers solitary; sepals entire, naked or hispid;
fruit 6--12'' long.--Whisky Island, L. Huron, shores of L. Superior, and
west to the Red River valley, and in the mountains from N. Mont, and
N. Idaho to Col.
[+][+] _Fruit globose; infrastipular spines none; acicular prickles
often present._
3. R. blanda, Ait. Stems 1--3 deg. high, _wholly unarmed_ (occasionally with
a few or very rarely numerous prickles); _stipules dilated_, naked and
entire, or slightly glandular-toothed; _leaflets 5--7_, usually
oblong-lanceolate, _cuneate at base and petiolulate, simply serrate, not
resinous_; flowers usually large, corymbose or solitary; _sepals hispid,
entire_.--On rocks and rocky shores, Newf. to N. Eng., central N. Y.,
Ill. (La Salle Co.), and the region of the Great Lakes.
4. R. Sayi, Schwein. Stems usually low (1--2 deg. high), _very prickly;
stipules usually dilated_, glandular-ciliate and resinous; _leaflets
3--7_, broadly elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, _sessile and obtuse or
subcordate at base, resinous-puberulent and teeth serrulate_; flowers
large, solitary (very rarely 2 or 3); outer sepals usually with 1 or 2
narrow lateral lobes, not hispid.--N. Mich. and Wisc. to Minn. and Col.
5. R. Arkansana, Porter. Stems low, _very prickly; stipules narrow_,
more or less glandular-toothed above (or even glandular-ciliate);
_leaflets 7--11_, broadly elliptical to oblong-oblanceolate, _subcuneate
at base_, sessile or petiolulate, _simply toothed, not resinous_;
flowers corymbose; _sepals rarely hispid, the outer lobed_.--Minn. to
Mo. and W. Tex., west to Col.
[+][+][+] _Fruit globose; infrastipular spines present._
6. R. Woodsii, Lindl. Stems usually low (1/4--3 deg. high), with slender
straight or recurved spines, sometimes with scattered prickles, or
wholly unarmed above; leaflets 5--7, obovate to oblong or lanceolate,
more or less toothed; flowers corymbose or solitary; sepals naked or
hispid, the outer usually lobed; fruit globose with a short neck.--Minn.
to Mo., west to Col.
[*][*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals spreading after flowering and
deciduous; infrastipular spines usually present, often with scattered
prickles; sepals, globose receptacle, and pedicel usually hispid; teeth
simple; pubescence not resinous._
[+] _Leaflets mostly finely many-toothed._
7. R. Carolina, L. Stems usually tall (1--7 deg. high), with stout straight
or usually more or less curved spines; stipules long and very narrow;
leaflets dull green, 5--9 (usually 7), usually narrowly oblong and acute
at each end and petiolulate, but often broader, usually pubescent
beneath.--Borders of swamps and streams, N. Scotia to Fla., west to
Minn. and Miss.
[+][+] _Leaflets coarsely toothed._
8. R. lucida, Ehrh. Stems often tall and stout (a few inches to 6 deg.
high), _with at length stout and usually more or less hooked spines;
stipules_ usually naked, _more or less dilated; leaflets_ (mostly 7)
dark green, rather thick, _smooth and often shining above_; flowers
corymbose or solitary; outer sepals frequently with 1 or 2 small
lobes.--Margins of swamps or moist places, Newf. to N. Eng., N. Y., and
E. Penn.
9. R. humilis, Marsh. Stems usually low (1--3 deg.) and more slender, less
leafy, with _straight slender spines_, spreading or sometimes reflexed;
_stipules narrow_, rarely somewhat dilated; leaflets as in the last, but
usually thinner and paler; flowers very often solitary; _outer sepals
always more or less lobed_. (R. lucida of most authors.)--Mostly in dry
soil or on rocky slopes, Maine to Ga., west to Minn., Mo., Ind. Terr.,
and La.
10. R. nitida, Willd. Low, nearly or quite _glabrous throughout, the
straight slender spines often scarcely stouter than the prickles which
usually thickly cover the stem and branches; stipules mostly dilated_;
leaflets bright green and shining, usually narrowly oblong and acute at
each end; flowers solitary (rarely 2 or 3); _sepals entire_.--Margins of
swamps, Newf. to N. Eng.
_Naturalized species._
R. CANINA, L. (DOG ROSE.) Stems armed with stout recurved spines,
without prickles, the branches sometimes unarmed; leaflets 5--7,
elliptical or oblong-ovate, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, simply
toothed, not resinous-puberulent; flowers solitary (or 2--4) on usually
naked pedicels; sepals pinnatifid, deciduous; fruit oblong-ovate to
nearly globular.--Roadsides, E. Penn., Tenn., etc. (Int. from Eu.)
R. RUBIGINOSA, L. (SWEETBRIER. EGLANTINE.) Resembling the last, but of
more compact habit, _the leaflets densely resinous beneath and aromatic,
and doubly serrate_; the short pedicels and pinnatifid sepals hispid.
(Incl. R. micrantha, _Smith_; less aromatic, with oblong fruit and
glabrous styles.)--N. Scotia and Ont. to S. C. and Tenn. (Int. from Eu.)
16. PYRUS, L. PEAR. APPLE.
Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals roundish or obovate.
Stamens numerous. Styles 2--5. Pome fleshy or berry-like; the 2--5
carpels or cells of a papery or cartilaginous texture, 2-seeded.--Trees
or shrubs, with handsome flowers in corymbed cymes. (The classical name
of the Pear-tree.)
Sec. 1. MALUS (APPLE). _Leaves simple; cymes simple and umbel-like; pome
fleshy, globular, sunk in at the attachment of the stalk._