heart-shaped, _cut-serrate or lobed_, soon glabrous; _styles woolly and
united at base_.--Glades, Ont. and W. New York to N. C., west to Minn.,
Kan., and La. May.--Tree 20 deg. high, somewhat thorny, with large
rose-colored very fragrant blossoms, few in a corymb; fruit fragrant and
greenish.
2. P. angustifolia, Ait. Resembling the last, but with _leaves oblong or
lanceolate_, often acute at base, mostly toothed, glabrous; _styles
distinct_.--Glades, Penn. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and La. April.
Sec. 2. ADENORHACHIS. _Leaves simple, the midrib glandular along the upper
side; cymes compound; styles united at base; fruit berry-like, small._
3. P. arbutifolia, L. f. (CHOKE-BERRY.) A shrub usually 1--3 deg. high;
leaves oblong or oblanceolate, mostly acute or acuminate, finely
glandular-serrate, tomentose beneath; cyme tomentose; flowers white or
reddish; fruit pear-shaped, or globose when ripe, small, red or purple,
astringent.--Swamps and damp thickets; common, from N. Scotia to Fla.,
and west to Minn., Ill., Mo., and La.
Var. melanocarpa, Hook. Nearly smooth throughout, with larger black
fruit; leaves usually less acute.--Of apparently the same range.
Sec. 3. SORBUS. _Leaves odd-pinnate, with rather numerous leaflets; cymes
compound; styles separate; pome berry-like, small._
4. P. Americana, DC. (AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Tree or tall shrub,
_nearly glabrous_ or soon becoming so; _leaflets 13--15, lanceolate,
taper-pointed_, sharply serrate with pointed teeth, bright green; cymes
large and flat; berries globose, bright red, not larger than peas;
_leaf-buds pointed, glabrous_ and somewhat _glutinous_.--Swamps and
mountain-woods, Newf. to mountains of N. C., west to N. Mich, and Minn.
Often cultivated.
5. P. sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. _Leaflets oblong, oval, or
lance-ovate, mostly obtuse_ or abruptly short-pointed, serrate (mostly
doubly) with more spreading teeth, often pale beneath; cymes smaller;
flowers and berries larger, the latter (4'' broad) when young ovoid, at
length globose; _leaf-buds sparingly hairy_; otherwise nearly as the
preceding.--Lab. to northern N. Eng. and Lake Superior, and westward.
17. CRATAEGUS, L. HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.
Calyx-tube urn-shaped, the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, roundish. Stamens
many, or only 10--15. Styles 1--5. Pome drupe-like, containing 1--5 bony
1-seeded stones.--Thorny shrubs or small trees, with simple and mostly
lobed leaves, and white (rarely rose-colored) blossoms. (Name from
[Greek: kra/tos], _strength_, on account of the hardness of the wood.)
[*] _Corymbs many-flowered._
[+] _Fruit small, depressed-globose (not larger than peas), bright red;
flowers mostly small; calyx-teeth short and broad (except in n. 3);
styles 5; glabrous (except_ C. Pyracantha_) and glandless._
C. PYRACANTHA, Pers. (EVERGREEN THORN.) _Leaves evergreen_, shining (1'
long), _oblong_ or spatulate-lanceolate, crenulate; the short petioles
and young branchlets pubescent; corymbs small.--Shrub, spontaneous near
Washington and Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.)
1. C. spathulata, Michx. Shrub or tree, 10--25 deg. high; _leaves thickish,
shining_, deciduous, _spatulate_ or oblanceolate, with a _long tapering
base, crenate_ above, rarely cut-lobed, _nearly sessile_.--Va. to Fla.,
west to Mo. and Tex.
2. C. cordata, Ait. (WASHINGTON THORN.) Trunk 15--25 deg. high; _leaves
broadly ovate or triangular_, mostly truncate or a little heart-shaped
at the base, on a _slender petiole, variously 3--5-cleft or cut,
serrate_.--Va. to Ga. in the mountains, west to Mo.
3. C. viridis, L. A small tree, often unarmed; leaves ovate to
ovate-oblong or lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, mostly acute at both
ends, on slender petioles, acutely serrate, often somewhat lobed, and
often downy in the axils; flowers larger, numerous; fruit bright red or
rarely orange. (C. arborescens, _Ell._)--Mississippi bottoms from
St. Louis to the Gulf, and from S. Car. to Tex.
[+][+] _Fruit small (1/4--{1/3}' long), ovoid, deep red; flowers rather
large; styles 1--3._
C. OXYACANTHA, L. (ENGLISH HAWTHORN.) Smooth; _leaves obovate_,
cut-lobed and toothed, _wedge-form_ at the base; calyx not glandular.
More or less spontaneous as well as cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)
4. C. apiifolia, Michx. Softly pubescent when young; _leaves roundish_,
with a broad truncate or slightly heart-shaped base, _pinnately
5--7-cleft_, the crowded divisions cut-lobed and sharply serrate;
petioles slender; calyx-lobes glandular-toothed, slender.--S. Va. to
Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.
[+][+][+] _Fruit large (1/2--1' long), red; flowers large; styles and
stones even in the same species 1--3 (when the fruit is ovoid or
pear-shaped) or 4--5 (in globular fruit); stipules, calyx-teeth, bracts,
etc., often beset with glands; shrubs or low trees._ [Species as
characterized by Prof. C. S. SARGENT.]
5. C. coccinea, L. Branches reddish; spines stout, chestnut-brown;
villous-pubescent on the shoots, glandular peduncles, and calyx; leaves
on slender petioles, thin, pubescent beneath or often glabrous,
round-ovate, cuneate or subcordate at base, acutely glandular-toothed,
sometimes cut-lobed; flowers 1/2' broad; fruit coral-red, globose or
obovate, 1/2' broad.--Newf. to Minn. and southward.--Var. MACRACANTHA,
Dudley; spines longer; leaves thicker, cuneate at base, on stout
petioles, often deeply incised; cymes broader; flowers and fruit rather
larger.--From the St. Lawrence and E. Mass. to Minn.
Var. mollis, Torr. & Gray. Shoots densely pubescent; leaves large,
slender-petioled, cuneate, truncate or cordate at base, usually with
acute narrow lobes, often subscabrous above, more or less densely
pubescent beneath; flowers 1' broad, in broad cymes; fruit bright
scarlet with a light bloom, 1' broad. (C. tomentosa, var. mollis,
_Gray_. C. subvillosa, _Schrad._)--E. Mass, to Mo. and Tex. Sometimes
20--30 deg. high, blooming two weeks before the type.
6. C. tomentosa, L. Branches gray, rarely with stout gray spines;
shoots, peduncles, and calyx villous-pubescent; glands none; leaves
large, pale, prominently veined, densely pubescent beneath, ovate or
ovate-oblong, sharply serrate, usually incisely lobed, contracted into a
margined petiole; flowers small, ill-scented; fruit dull red, obovate,
rarely globose (1/2' broad), upright.--Western N. Y. to Mich., Mo., and
Ga. In flower 2--3 weeks after n. 3.
7. C. punctata, Jacq. Branches horizontal; glands none; leaves smaller,
mostly wedge-obovate, attenuate and entire below, unequally toothed
above, rarely lobed, villous-pubescent becoming smooth but dull, the
many veins more impressed, prominent beneath; fruit globose (1' broad),
red or bright yellow. (C. tomentosa, var. punctata, _Gray_.)--Quebec to
Ont. and south to Ga.
8. C. Crus-galli, L. (COCKSPUR THORN.) Branches horizontal, with slender
thorns often 4' long; _glabrous; leaves thick_, dark green, _shining
above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate_, tapering into a very short
petiole, serrate above the middle; fruit globular, dull red ({1/3}'
broad).--Thickets, common.
[*][*] _Corymbs simple, few- (1--6-) flowered; calyx, bracts, etc.,
glandular._
9. C. flava, Ait. (SUMMER HAW.) Tree 15--20 deg. high, somewhat pubescent or
glabrous; _leaves wedge-obovate or rhombic-obovate_, narrowed into a
glandular petiole, _unequally toothed and somewhat cut_ above the
middle, _rather thin_, the teeth _glandular_; styles 4--5; fruit
somewhat pear-shaped, yellowish, greenish, or reddish (1/2' broad).--Sandy
soil, Va. to Mo., and southward.
Var. pubescens, Gray. Downy or villous-pubescent when young; leaves
thickish, usually obtuse or rounded at the summit; fruit larger (3/4'
broad), scarlet or sometimes yellow.--Va. to Fla.
10. C. parvifolia, Ait. (DWARF THORN.) Shrub 3--6 deg. high, downy; _leaves
thick, obovate-spatulate, crenate-toothed_ (1/2--11/2' long), almost
sessile, the upper surface at length shining; flowers solitary or 2--3
together on _very short peduncles; calyx-lobes as long as the petals_;
styles 5; fruit globular or pear-shaped, yellowish.--Sandy soil, N. J.
to Fla. and La.
18. AMELANCHIER, Medic. JUNE-BERRY.
Calyx 5-cleft; lobes downy within. Petals oblong, elongated. Stamens
numerous, short. Styles 5, united below. Ovary 5-celled, each cell
2-ovuled, but a projection grows from the back of each and forms a false
cartilaginous partition; the berry-like pome thus 10-celled, with one
seed in each cell (when all ripen).--Small trees or shrubs, with simple
sharply serrated leaves, and white racemose flowers. (_Amelancier_ is
the name of A. vulgaris in Savoy.)
1. A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. (SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.) A tree
10--30 deg. high, nearly or soon glabrous; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong,
usually somewhat cordate at base, pointed, very sharply serrate, 1--31/2'
long; bracts and stipules very long-silky-ciliate; flowers large, in
drooping nearly glabrous racemes; petals oblong, 6--8'' long; fruit on
elongated pedicels, globose, crimson or purplish, sweet and edible.
(Var. Botryapium, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Dry open woodlands; Newf. to Fla.,
west to Minn., E. Kan., and La. Fruit ripening in June.--Var.
ROTUNDIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, appears to be only a broad-leaved form.
Var. (?) oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray. A smaller tree or shrub (6--10 deg.
high), the young leaves and racemes densely white-tomentose; leaves
oblong or sometimes rather broadly elliptical, acute, mostly rounded at
base, finely serrate, 1--2' long; flowers in denser and shorter racemes;
petals 3--4'' long, oblong-spatulate; fruit similar but more juicy, on
shorter pedicels.--Low moist grounds or swampy woods; N. Brunswick to
Va., west to Minn. and Mo.--A form of this with broader leaves (broadly
elliptical or rounded), often very obtuse at the summit, and rounded,
subcordate or acute at base, and usually coarsely toothed, is common
from Manitoba to Minn. and Iowa, and is sometimes cultivated for its
fruit.
2. A. oligocarpa, Roem. A low shrub 2--4 deg. high, soon glabrous; leaves
thin, _oblong, acute at both ends, finely serrate_, 1--2' long; _flowers
few_ (1--4), rather long-pedicelled; _petals oblong-obovate; fruit
broad-pyriform_, dark purple with a dense bloom. (A. Canadensis, var.
oligocarpa, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Cold swamps and mountain bogs; Lab. to
northern N. Eng. and N. Y., and the shores of Lake Superior.
3. A. alnifolia, Nutt. A shrub 3--8 deg. high, usually glabrate or nearly
so; leaves _somewhat glaucous_ and thickish, _broadly elliptical or
roundish_, very _obtuse or rarely acute_, often subcordate at base,
_coarsely toothed toward the summit_, 1/2--2' long; raceme short and
rather dense; petals cuneate-oblong, 3--8'' long; fruit globose, purple.
(A. Canadensis, var. alnifolia, _Torr. & Gray_.)--A western mountain
species, which occurs in Minn. and N. Mich., and which the broad-leaved
form of A. Canadensis sometimes closely simulates.
ORDER 34. CALYCANTHACEAE. (CALYCANTHUS FAMILY.)
_Shrubs with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, the sepals and petals
similar and indefinite, the anthers adnate and extrorse, and the
cotyledons convolute; the fruit like a rose-hip._ Chiefly represented by
the genus
1. CALYCANTHUS, L. CAROLINA ALLSPICE. SWEET-SCENTED SHRUB.
Calyx of many sepals, united below into a fleshy inversely conical cup
(with some leaf-like bractlets growing from it); the lobes lanceolate,
mostly colored like the petals, which are similar, in many rows,
thickish, inserted on the top of the closed calyx-tube. Stamens
numerous, inserted just within the petals, short; some of the inner ones
sterile (destitute of anthers). Pistils several or many, enclosed in the
calyx-tube, inserted on its base and inner face, resembling those of the
Rose; but the enlarged hip dry when ripe, enclosing the achenes.--The
lurid purple flowers terminating the leafy branches. Bark and foliage
aromatic; the crushed flowers exhaling more or less the fragrance of
strawberries. (Name composed of [Greek: ka/lyx], _a cup_ or _calyx_,
and [Greek: a/nthos], _flower_, from the closed cup which contains the
pistils.)
1. C. floridus, L. _Leaves oval, soft-downy underneath_.--Virginia(?)
and southward, on hillsides in rich soil. Common in gardens. April--Aug.
2. C. laevigatus, Willd. _Leaves oblong_, thin, either blunt or
taper-pointed, _bright green and glabrous_ or nearly so on both sides,
or rather pale beneath; flowers smaller.--Mountains of Franklin Co.,
Penn. (_Prof. Porter_), and southward along the Alleghanies. May--Aug.
3. C. glaucus, Willd. _Leaves_ oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
_conspicuously taper-pointed, glaucous-white beneath_, roughish above,
glabrous, large (4--7' long), probably a variety of the
preceding.--Virginia (?) near the mountains and southward. May--Aug.
ORDER 35. SAXIFRAGACEAE. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.)
_Herbs or shrubs, of various aspect, distinguishable from_ Rosaceae _by
having copious albumen in the seeds, opposite as well as alternate
leaves, and usually no stipules; the stamens mostly definite, and the
carpels commonly fewer than the sepals_, either separate or partly so,
or all combined into one compound pistil. Calyx either free or adherent,
usually persistent or withering away. Stamens and petals almost always
inserted on the calyx. Ovules anatropous.
Tribe I. SAXIFRAGEAE. Herbs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite in n. 2
and 6). Fruit dry, capsular or follicular, the styles or tips of the
carpels distinct.
[*] Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) celled with axile placentas, or of as many
nearly distinct carpels.
1. Astilbe. Flowers polygamous, panicled. Stamens (8 or 10) twice as
many as the small petals. Seeds few. Leaves decompound.
2. Saxifraga. Flowers perfect. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Seeds numerous,
with a close coat.
3. Boykinia. Flowers perfect. Stamens only as many as the petals, which
are convolute in the bud and deciduous. Calyx-tube adherent to the
ovary. Seed-coat close.
4. Sullivantia. Flowers perfect. Stamens 5. Calyx nearly free. Seeds
wing-margined.
[*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas alternate with the
stigmas. Sterile stamens none.
5. Tiarella. Calyx nearly free from the slender ovary. Petals entire.
Stamens 10. Placentas nearly basal.
6. Mitella. Calyx partly cohering with the depressed ovary. Petals
small, pinnatifid. Stamens 10.
7. Henchera. Calyx bell-shaped, coherent with the ovary below. Petals
small, entire. Stamens 5.
8. Chrysosplenium. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary. Petals none.
Stamens 10.
[*][*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 3--4 parietal placentas opposite the
sessile stigmas. A cluster of united sterile filaments at the base of
each petal.
9. Parnassia. Sepals, petals and proper stamens 5. Peduncle scape-like,
1-flowered.
Tribe II. HYDRANGEAE. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple. Ovary 2--5-celled;
the calyx coherent at least with its base. Fruit capsular.
[*] Stamens 8 or 10.
10. Hydrangea. Calyx-lobes minute in complete flowers. Petals valvate in
the bud.
[*][*] Stamens 20--40.
11. Decumaria. Calyx-lobes small. Petals 7--10, valvate in the bud.
Filaments subulate. Style 1.
12. Philadelphus. Calyx-lobes conspicuous. Petals 4--5, convolute in the
bud. Filaments linear. Styles 3--5.
Tribe III. ESCALLONIEAE. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple. Ovary
2--5-celled. Fruit capsular.
13. Itea. Calyx 5-cleft, free from the 2-celled ovary, which becomes a
septicidal capsule.
Tribe IV. RIBESIEAE. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple, with stipules
adnate to the petiole or wanting. Fruit a berry.
14. Ribes. Calyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary. Placentas 2,
parietal, many-seeded.
1. ASTILBE, Don. FALSE GOATSBEARD.
Flowers dioeciously polygamous. Calyx 4--5-parted, small. Petals 4--5,
spatulate, small, withering-persistent. Stamens 8 or 10. Ovary 2-celled,
almost free, many-ovuled; styles 2, short. Capsule 2-celled, separating
into 2 follicles, each ripening few seeds. Seed-coat loose and thin,
tapering at each end.--Perennial herbs, with twice or thrice
ternately-compound ample leaves, cut-lobed and toothed leaflets, and
small white or yellowish flowers in spikes or racemes, which are
disposed in a compound panicle. (Name composed of [Greek: a)]- privative
and [Greek: sti/lbe], _a bright surface_, because the foliage is not
shining.)
1. A. decandra, Don. Somewhat pubescent (3--5 deg. high); leaflets mostly
heart-shaped; petals minute or wanting in the fertile flowers, stamens
10.--Rich woods; mountains of S. W. Va. to N. C. and Ga. Closely
imitating Spiraea Aruncus, but coarser.
2. SAXIFRAGA, L. SAXIFRAGE.
Calyx either free from or cohering with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft
or parted. Petals 5, entire, imbricated in the bud, commonly deciduous.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 2-beaked, 2-celled, opening down or
between the beaks, or sometimes 2 almost separate follicles. Seeds
numerous, with a close coat.--Chiefly perennial herbs, with the
root-leaves clustered, those of the stem mostly alternate. (Name from
_saxum_, a rock, and _frango_, to break; many species rooting in the
clefts of rocks.)
[*] _Stems prostrate, in tufts, leafy; leaves opposite; calyx free from
the capsule._
1. S. oppositifolia, L. (MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE.) Leaves fleshy, ovate,
keeled, ciliate, imbricated on the sterile branches (1--2'' long);
flowers solitary, large; petals purple, obovate, much longer than the
5-cleft-calyx.--Rocks, Willoughby Mountain, Vt., and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Stems ascending; leaves alternate; calyx coherent below with the
capsule._
2. S. rivularis, L. (ALPINE BROOK-S.) Small, stems weak, 3--5-flowered;
lower _leaves rounded, 3--5-lobed_, on slender petioles, the upper
lanceolate; _petals white, ovate_.--Alpine region of the White Mts., to
Lab. (Eu.)
3. S. aizoides, L. (YELLOW MOUNTAIN-S.) Low (3--5' high), in tufts, with
few or several corymbose flowers; _leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
fleshy_, distantly spinulose-ciliate; _petals yellow, spotted with
orange, oblong_.--N. Vt. to S. W. New York, N. Mich., and northward.
June. (Eu.)
4. S. tricuspidata, Retz. Stems tufted (4--8' high), naked above;
flowers corymbose, _leaves oblong or spatulate, with 3 rigid sharp
teeth_ at the summit; _petals obovate-oblong, yellow_.--Shore of
L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*][*] _Leaves clustered at the root; scape many-flowered, erect,
clammy-pubescent._
[+] _Petals all alike._
5. S. Aizoon, Jacq. Scape 5--10' high; _leaves persistent, thick,
spatulate, with white cartilaginous toothed margins_; calyx partly
adherent; petals obovate, cream-color, often spotted at the base.--Moist
rocks, Lab. to N. Vt., L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
6. S. Virginiensis, Michx. (EARLY S.) Low (4--9' high); _leaves obovate
or oval-spatulate_, narrowed into a broad petiole, crenate-toothed,
thickish; flowers in a clustered cyme, which is at length open and
loosely panicled; lobes of the nearly free _calyx erect, not half the
length of the oblong obtuse (white) petals_; follicles united merely at
the base, divergent, purplish.--Exposed rocks and dry hillsides;
N. Brunswick to Ga., and west to Minn., Ohio, and Tenn.; common,
especially northward. April--June.
7. S. Pennsylvanica, L. (SWAMP S.) Large (1--2 deg. high); _leaves
oblanceolate, obscurely toothed_ (4--8' long), narrowed at base into a
short and broad petiole; cymes in a large oblong panicle, at first
clustered; lobes of the nearly free _calyx recurved, about the length of
the linear-lanceolate (greenish) small petals; filaments awl-shaped_,
follicles at length divergent.--Bogs, N. Eng. to Va., west to Minn. and
Iowa.
8. S. erosa, Pursh. (LETTUCE S.) _Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse,
sharply toothed_, tapering into a margined petiole (8--12' long); scape
slender (1--3 deg. high); panicle elongated, loosely flowered; pedicels
slender; _calyx reflexed, entirely free, nearly as long as the oval
obtuse (white) petals; filaments club-shaped_; follicles nearly
separate, diverging, _narrow, pointed_, 2--3'' long.--Cold mountain
brooks, Penn. to Va. and N. C.
9. S. Forbesii, Vasey. Stem stout, 2--4 deg. high; _leaves denticulate, oval
to elongated oblong_ (4--8' long); _filaments filiform; follicles short,
ovate_; otherwise as in the last.--Shaded cliffs, near Makanda, S. Ill.
(_Forbes_); E. Mo. (_Lettermann._)
[+][+] _Petals unequal, with claws, white, all or some of them with a
pair of yellow spots near the base; leaves oblong, wedge-shaped or
spatulate; calyx free and reflexed._
10. S. leucanthemifolia, Michx. Leaves coarsely toothed or cut, tapering
into a petiole; stems (5--18' high) bearing one or more leaves or leafy
bracts and a loose, spreading corymbose or paniculate cyme; _petals_
lanceolate, the _3 larger ones with a heart-shaped base_ and a pair of
spots, the 2 smaller with a tapering base and no spots.--Mts. of Va. to
N. C. and Ga.
11. S. stellaris, L., var comosa, Willd. Leaves wedge-shaped, more or
less toothed; scape (4--5' high) bearing a small contracted panicle,
many or most of the flowers changed into little tufts of green leaves,
_petals all lanceolate and tapering into the claw_.--Mt. Katahdin,
Maine, north to Lab. and Greenland. (Eu.)
3. BOYKINIA, Nutt.
Calyx-tube top-shaped, coherent with the 2-celled and 2-beaked capsule.
Stamens 5, as many as the deciduous petals, these mostly convolute in
the bud. Otherwise as in Saxifraga.--Perennial herbs, with alternate
palmately 5--7-lobed or cut petioled leaves, and white flowers in cymes.
(Dedicated to the late _Dr. Boykin_ of Georgia.)
1. B. aconitifolia, Nutt. Stem glandular (6--20' high); leaves deeply
5--7-lobed.--Mountains of southwestern Va. to Ga. and Tenn. July.
4. SULLIVANTIA, Torr. & Gray.
Calyx bell-shaped, cohering below only with the base of the ovary,
5-cleft. Petals 5, oblanceolate, entire, acutish, withering-persistent.
Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked,
many-seeded, opening between the beaks, the seeds wing-margined,
imbricated upward.--A low and reclined-spreading perennial herb, with
rounded and cut-toothed or slightly lobed smooth leaves, on slender
petioles, and small white flowers in a branched loosely cymose panicle,
raised on a nearly leafless slender stem (6--12' long). Peduncles and
calyx glandular; pedicels recurved in fruit. (Dedicated to the
distinguished bryologist who discovered our species.)
1. S. Ohionis, Torr. & Gray.--Limestone cliffs, Ohio to Ind., Iowa, and
Minn. June.
5. TIARELLA, L. FALSE MITRE-WORT.
Calyx bell-shaped, nearly free from the ovary, 5-parted. Petals 5, with
claws, entire. Stamens 10, long and slender. Styles 2. Capsule
membranaceous, 1-celled, 2-valved; the valves unequal. Seeds few, at the
base of each parietal placenta, globular, smooth.--Perennials; flowers
white. (Name a diminutive from [Greek: tia/ra], _a tiara_, or turban,
from the form of the pod, or rather pistil, which is like that of
Mitella, to which the name of _Mitre-wort_ properly belongs.)
1. T. cordifolia, L. Leaves from the rootstock or summer runners
heart-shaped, sharply lobed and toothed, sparsely hairy above, downy
beneath; stem leafless or rarely with 1 or 2 leaves (5--12' high);
raceme simple; petals oblong, often subserrate.--Rich rocky woods,
N. Eng. to Minn. and Ind., and southward in the mountains. April, May.
6. MITELLA, Tourn. MITRE-WORT. BISHOP'S-CAP.