a funnel-form 5-cleft corolla. Stamens 10--12, distinct, or the
filaments united at base. Pods long and narrow, rough-prickly,
several-seeded, 4-valved, i.e., the two narrow valves separating on each
side from a thickened margin.--Perennial herbs, nearly related to the
true Sensitive Plants (Mimosa); the procumbent stems and petioles
recurved-prickly, with twice-pinnate sensitive leaves of many small
leaflets, and axillary peduncles bearing round heads of small
rose-colored flowers. (Named for _F. P. Schrank_, a German botanist.)
1. S. uncinata, Willd. Prickles hooked; pinnae 4--6 pairs; _leaflets
elliptical, reticulated_ with strong veins beneath; pods oblong-linear,
nearly terete-short-pointed, densely prickly (2' long).--Dry sandy soil,
Va. to Fla., west to S. Ill., Kan., and Tex.
2. S. angustata, Torr. & Gray. _Leaflets oblong-linear, scarcely
veined_; pods slender, taper-pointed, sparingly prickly (about 4'
long).--S. Va. (?) to Fla., Tenn., and Tex.
ORDER 33. ROSACEAE. (ROSE FAMILY.)
_Plants with regular flowers, numerous (rarely few) distinct stamens
inserted on the calyx, and 1--many pistils, which are quite distinct, or
(in the last tribe) united and combined with the calyx tube. Seeds
(anatropous) 1--few in each ovary, almost always without albumen. Embryo
straight, with large and thick cotyledons. Leaves alternate, with
stipules_, these sometimes caducous, rarely obsolete or wanting.--Calyx
of 5 or rarely 3--4--8 sepals (the odd one superior), united at the
base, often appearing double by a row of bractlets outside. Petals as
many as the sepals (rarely wanting), mostly imbricated in the bud, and
inserted with the stamens on the edge of a disk that lines the calyx
tube. Trees, shrubs, or herbs.--A large and important order, almost
destitute of noxious qualities, and producing the most valuable fruits.
Very intimately connected with Leguminosae on one hand, and with
Saxifragaceae on the other.
I. Ovary superior and not enclosed in the calyx tube at maturity.
[*] Calyx deciduous, without bractlets, pistil solitary, becoming a
drupe.
Tribe I. PRUNEAE. Trees or shrubs, with simple mostly serrate leaves.
Ovules 2, pendulous, but seed almost always solitary. Style terminal.
1. Prunus. Flowers perfect. Lobes of calyx and corolla 5. Stone of the
drupe bony.
[*][*] Calyx mostly persistent; pistils few to many (rarely solitary).
[+] Calyx without bractlets; ovules 2--many.
Tribe II. SPIRAEEAE. Pistils mostly 5, becoming 2--several seeded
follicles. Shrubs or perennial herbs.
[a.] Calyx short, 5 cleft. Petals obovate, equal.
2. Spiraea. Flowers perfect or dioecious. Pods 1-valved. Herbs or shrubs;
leaves simple or pinnate.
3. Physocarpus. Pods inflated, 2-valved. Shrub; leaves palmately lobed.
[b.] Calyx elongated, 5-toothed. Petals slender, unequal.
4. Gillenia. Herbs; leaves 3-foliolate.
Tribe III. RUBEAE. Pistils several or numerous, becoming drupelets in
fruit. Ovules 2 and pendulous, but seed solitary. Perennials, herbaceous
or with biennial soft-woody stems.
5. Rubus. Pistils numerous, fleshy in fruit, crowded upon a spongy
receptacle.
6. Dalibarda. Pistils 5--10 in the bottom of the calyx, nearly dry in
fruit.
[+][+] Calyx lobes mostly with bractlets; ovule solitary.
Tribe IV. POTENTILLEAE. Pistils few--many, 1-ovuled, becoming dry
achenes. Herbs.
[a.] Styles persistent and elongated after anthesis, often plumose or
jointed.
7. Geum. Calyx lobes usually with 5 alternating small bractlets. Stamens
and carpels numerous, styles becoming plumose or hairy tails, or naked
and straight or jointed.
[b.] Styles not elongated after anthesis, mostly deciduous.
8. Waldsteinia. Petals and calyx lobes 5; small or no bractlets. Stamens
numerous. Achenes 2--6; styles deciduous from the base.
9. Fragaria. Flower as in Potentilla. Receptacle much enlarged and pulpy
in fruit.
10. Potentilla. Petals 5 (rarely 4) conspicuous. Calyx lobes as many,
with an alternating set of bractlets. Stamens and achenes numerous; the
latter heaped on a dry receptacle. Styles commonly more or less
lateral, deciduous or not enlarging in fruit.
11. Sibbaldia. Petals minute; stamens and achenes 5--10; otherwise as
Potentilla.
II. Ovaries inferior or enclosed in the calyx-tube.
Tribe V. POTERIEAE. Pistils 1--4, becoming achenes, completely enclosed
in the dry and firm calyx-tube, which is constricted or nearly closed at
the throat. Herbs with compound or lobed leaves. Petals often none.
12. Alchemilla. Calyx urceolate, bracteolate. Petals none. Stamens 1--4.
Flowers minute, clustered.
13. Agrimonia. Calyx turbinate, with a margin of hooked prickles.
Stamens 5--12. Flowers yellow, in long racemes.
14. Poterium. Calyx lobes petaloid; tube 4-angled, naked. Petals none.
Flowers densely capitate or spicate.
Tribe VI. ROSEAE. Pistils many, becoming bony achenes, enclosed in the
globose or urn-shaped fleshy calyx-tube, which resembles a pome. Petals
conspicuous. Stamens numerous.
15. Rosa. The only genus. Prickly shrubs with pinnate leaves.
Tribe VII. POMEAE. Carpels 2--5, enclosed in and coalescent with the
fleshy or berry-like calyx, in fruit becoming a 2--several-celled pome.
Trees or shrubs, with stipules free from the petiole.
[a.] Cells of the compound ovary as many as the styles (2--5), each
2- (rarely several-) ovuled.
16. Pyrus. Pome containing 2--5 papery or cartilaginous carpels.
17. Crataegus. Pome drupe-like, with 1--5 bony stones or kernels. Usually
thorny.
[b.] Cells of the compound ovary becoming twice as many as the styles,
each 1-ovuled.
18. Amelanchier. Pome usually of 5 carpels; each becomes incompletely
2-celled by a projection from its back; otherwise as Pyrus.
1. PRUNUS, Tourn. PLUM, CHERRY, ETC.
Calyx 5-cleft, the tube bell-shaped, urn-shaped, or tubular-obconical,
deciduous after flowering. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 15--20. Pistil
solitary, with 2 pendulous ovules. Drupe fleshy, with a bony
stone.--Small trees or shrubs, with mostly edible fruit. (The ancient
Latin name.)
Sec. 1. PRUNUS proper (and CERASUS). _Drupe smooth, and the stone smooth or
somewhat rugged; flowers (usually white) from separate lateral scaly
buds in early spring, preceding or coetaneous with the leaves; the
pedicels few or several in simple umbel-like clusters._
1. P. Americana, Marshall. (WILD YELLOW or RED PLUM.) Tree thorny,
8--20 deg. high; _leaves ovate_ or somewhat obovate, _conspicuously pointed,
coarsely or doubly serrate; very veiny, glabrous when mature_; fruit
nearly destitute of bloom, roundish oval, yellow, orange, or red,
1/2--{2/3}' in diameter, with the turgid stone more or less acute on both
margins, or in cultivated states 1' or more in diameter, the flattened
stone with broader margins; pleasant-tasted, but with a tough and acerb
skin.--Woodlands and river banks, common.
2. P. maritima, Wang. (BEACH PLUM.) Low and straggling (1--5 deg.); _leaves
ovate or oval, finely serrate, softly pubescent underneath_; pedicels
short, pubescent; fruit globular, purple or crimson with a bloom (1/2--1'
in diameter); the stone very turgid, _acute on one edge_, rounded and
minutely grooved on the other.--Sea beaches and the vicinity,
N. Brunswick to Va. It varies, when at some distance from the coast
(N. J. and southward), with the leaves smoother and thinner and the
fruit smaller.
3. P. Alleghaniensis, Porter. A low straggling shrub or small tree
(3--15 deg. high), seldom thorny; _leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, often
long-acuminate, finely and sharply serrate_, softly pubescent when
young, glabrate with age; _fruit globose-ovoid, very dark purple with a
bloom_ (less than 1/2' in diameter); stone turgid, a shallow groove on one
side and a broad flat ridge on the other.--Bluffs of the Alleghany Mts.,
Penn.
4. P. Chicasa, Michx. (CHICKASAW PLUM.) Stem scarcely thorny (8--15 deg.
high); _leaves nearly lanceolate, finely serrulate, glabrous_; fruit
globular, _red, nearly destitute of bloom_ (1/2--{2/3}' in diameter); the
ovoid stone almost as thick as wide, rounded at both sutures, one of
them minutely grooved.--Md. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and Tex.
5. P. gracilis, Engelm. & Gray. _Soft-pubescent_, 1--4 deg. high; _leaves
oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute, sharply serrate_, becoming nearly
glabrous above, 1--2' long; _pedicels and calyx pubescent_; fruit less
than 1/2' in diameter; stone rather turgid, suborbicular.--Prairies and
sandy places, S. Kan. to Tex. and Tenn.
6. P. pumila, L. (DWARF CHERRY. SAND C.) Smooth, depressed and trailing
(6'--6 deg. high); _leaves obovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base_,
somewhat toothed near the apex, _pale underneath_; flowers 2--4
together; fruit ovoid, dark red or nearly black when ripe, without
bloom; stone ovoid, marginless, of the size of a large pea.--Rocks or
sandy banks, N. Brunswick to Va., west to Minn. and Kan. Fruit usually
sour and astringent.
7. P. Pennsylvanica, L. f. (WILD RED CHERRY.) Tree 20--30 deg. high, with
light red-brown bark; _leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, finely and
sharply serrate, shining, green and smooth both sides_; flowers many in
a cluster, on long pedicels; fruit globose, light red, very small, with
thin and sour flesh; stone globular.--Rocky woods, Newf. to N. C., west
to Minn. and Mo.
P. SPINOSA, L. (SLOE. BLACK THORN.) Branches thorny; _leaves
obovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, at length
glabrous_; pedicels glabrous; fruit small, globular, black with
a bloom, the stone turgid, acute on one edge.--Var. INSITITIA
(BULLACE-PLUM), is less spiny, the pedicels and lower side of the leaves
pubescent.--Roadsides and waste places, N. Eng. to Penn. and N. J. (Adv.
from Eu.)
Sec. 2. PADUS. _Drupe small, globose, without bloom; the stone
turgid-ovate, marginless; flowers in racemes terminating leafy branches,
therefore appearing after the leaves, late in spring._
8. P. Virginiana, L. (CHOKE-CHERRY.) A tall shrub, with grayish bark;
_leaves oval, oblong, or obovate, abruptly pointed, very sharply (often
doubly) serrate with slender teeth_, thin; petals roundish; fruit red
turning to dark crimson; stone smooth.--River-banks, Newf. to Ga., west
to Minn., E. Neb., and Tex.--Fruit very austere and astringent. A
variety with very short dense racemes and sweeter yellowish fruit has
been found at Dedham, Mass.
9. P. serotina, Ehrh. (WILD BLACK CHERRY.) A large tree, with
reddish-brown branches; _leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong,
taper-pointed, serrate with incurved short and callous teeth_, thickish,
shining above; racemes elongated; petals obovate; fruit
purplish-black.--Woods, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn., E. Neb., and
La.--Fruit slightly bitter, but with a pleasant vinous flavor.
10. P. demissa, Walp. Low but tree-like in habit, 3--12 deg. high, resembling
n. 8 in foliage, but the leaves rather thick and the teeth less slender;
racemes often elongated; fruit purplish-black, sweet and but slightly
astringent.--Central Kan. and Neb. to New Mex., Dak., and westward.
2. SPIRAEA, L. MEADOW-SWEET.
Calyx 5-cleft, short, persistent. Petals 5, obovate, equal, imbricated
in the bud. Stamens 10--50. Pods (follicles) 5--8, not inflated,
few--several-seeded. Seeds linear, with a thin or loose coat and no
albumen.--Shrubs or perennial herbs, with simple or pinnate leaves, and
white or rose-colored flowers in corymbs or panicles. (The Greek name,
from [Greek: speira/o], _to twist_, from the twisting of the pods in the
original species.)
Sec. 1. SPIRAEA proper. _Erect shrubs, with simple leaves; stipules
obsolete; pods mostly 5, several-seeded._
1. S. betulaefolia, Pall., var. corymbosa, Watson. Nearly smooth (1--2 deg.
high); leaves oval or ovate, cut-toothed toward the apex; _corymbs
large, flat_, several times compound; _flowers white_. (S. corymbosa,
_Raf._)--Mountains of Penn. and N. J. to Ga., west to Ky. and Mo.
2. S. salicifolia, L. (COMMON MEADOW-SWEET.) _Nearly smooth_ (2--3 deg.
high); leaves wedge-lanceolate, simply or doubly serrate; _flowers in a
crowded panicle_, white or flesh-color; pods smooth.--Wet or low
grounds, Newf. to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.; also to
the far northwest. (Eu.)
3. S. tomentosa, L. (HARDHACK. STEEPLE-BUSH.) _Stems and lower surface
of the_ ovate or oblong serrate _leaves very woolly_; flowers in short
racemes crowded in a dense panicle, rose-color, rarely white; pods
woolly.--Low grounds, N. Scotia to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn.
and Kan.
Sec. 2. ULMARIA. _Perennial herbs, with pinnate leaves and panicled cymose
flowers; stipules kidney-form; pods 5--8, 1--2-seeded._
4. S. lobata, Jacq. (QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE.) Glabrous (2--8 deg. high);
leaves interruptedly pinnate; the terminal leaflet very large,
7--9-parted, the lobes incised and toothed; panicle compound-clustered,
on a long naked peduncle; flowers deep peach-blossom color, handsome,
the petals and sepals often in fours.--Meadows and prairies, Penn. to
Ga., west to Mich., Ky., and Iowa.
Sec. 3. ARUNCUS. _Perennial herbs, with dioecious whitish flowers in many
slender spikes, disposed in a long compound panicle; leaves thrice
pinnate; stipules obsolete; pods 3--5, several-seeded; pedicels reflexed
in fruit._
5. S. Aruncus, L. (GOAT'S-BEARD.) Smooth, tall; leaflets thin,
lanceolate-oblong, or the terminal ones ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed,
sharply cut and serrate.--Rich woods, N. Y. and Penn. to Ga. in the
mountains, west to Iowa and Mo.
3. PHYSOCARPUS, Maxim. NINE-BARK.
Carpels 1--5, inflated, 2-valved; ovules 2--4. Seeds roundish, with a
smooth and shining crustaceous testa and copious albumen. Stamens
30--40. Otherwise as Spiraea.--Shrubs, with simple palmately-lobed leaves
and umbel-like corymbs of white flowers. (Name from [Greek: phy~sa], _a
bladder_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_.)
1. P. opulifolius, Maxim. Shrub 4--10 deg. high, with long recurved
branches, the old bark loose and separating in numerous thin layers;
leaves roundish, somewhat 3-lobed and heart-shaped; the purplish
membranaceous pods very conspicuous. (Spiraea opulifolia, _L._ Neillia
opulifolia, _Benth. & Hook._)--Rocky banks of streams, N. Eng. to Fla.,
west to Mo., and the Pacific northward. Often cultivated.
4. GILLENIA, Moench. INDIAN PHYSIC.
Calyx narrow, somewhat constricted at the throat, 5-toothed; teeth
erect. Petals 5, rather unequal, linear-lanceolate, inserted in the
throat of the calyx, convolute in the bud. Stamens 10--20, included.
Pods 5, included, at first lightly cohering with each other,
2--4-seeded. Seeds ascending, with a close coriaceous coat, and some
albumen.--Perennial herbs, with almost sessile 3-foliolate leaves; the
thin leaflets doubly serrate and incised. Flowers loosely
paniculate-corymbed, pale rose-color or white. (Dedicated to an obscure
German botanist or physician, _A. Gille_, or _Gillenius_.)
1. G. trifoliata, Moench. (BOWMAN'S ROOT.) Leaflets ovate-oblong,
pointed, cut-serrate; stipules small, awl-shaped, entire.--Rich woods,
N. Y. to N. J. and Ga., west to Mich., Ind., and Mo.
2. G. stipulacea, Nutt. (AMERICAN IPECAC.) Leaflets lanceolate, deeply
incised; stipules large and leaf-like, doubly incised.--Western N. Y.
and Penn. to S. Ind. and Kan., south to Ala. and La.
5. RUBUS, Tourn. BRAMBLE.
Calyx 5-parted, without bractlets. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens
numerous. Achenes usually many, collected on a spongy or succulent
receptacle, becoming small drupes; styles nearly terminal.--Perennial
herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, with white (rarely reddish) flowers,
and edible fruit. (The Roman name, kindred with _ruber_, red.)
Sec. 1. _Fruit, or collective mass of drupes, falling off whole
from the dry receptacle when ripe, or of few grains which fall
separately._--RASPBERRY.
[*] _Leaves simple; flowers large; prickles none; fruit and receptacle
flat and broad._
1. R. odoratus, L. (PURPLE FLOWERING-RASPBERRY.) _Stem shrubby_ (3--5 deg.
high); _branches, stalks, and calyx bristly with glandular clammy
hairs_; leaves 3--5-lobed, the lobes pointed and minutely toothed, the
middle one prolonged; peduncles many-flowered; flowers showy (2' broad);
calyx-lobes tipped with a long narrow appendage; _petals rounded, purple
rose-color_; fruit reddish.--N. Scotia to N. J. and Ga., west to Mich.
2. R. Nutkanus, Mocino. (SALMON-BERRY.) _Glandular_, scarcely bristly;
leaves almost equally 5-lobed, coarsely toothed; peduncles few-flowered;
_petals oval, white_.--Upper Mich., Minn., and westward.
3. R. Chamaemorus, L. (CLOUD-BERRY. BAKED-APPLE BERRY.) _Herbaceous, low,
dioecious; stem simple, 2--3-leaved, 1-flowered_; leaves
roundish-kidney-form, somewhat 5-lobed, serrate, wrinkled; calyx-lobes
pointless; _petals obovate, white_; fruit of few grains,
amber-color.--In sphagnous swamps, highest peaks of White Mts., coast of
E. Maine, and north and west to the Arctic regions. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Leaflets (pinnately or pedately) 3--5; petals small, erect,
white._
[+] _Stems annual, herbaceous, not prickly; fruit of few separate
grains._
4. R. triflorus, Richardson. (DWARF RASPBERRY.) Stems ascending (6--12'
high) or trailing, leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), rhombic-ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely doubly serrate, thin,
smooth; peduncle 1--3-flowered.--Wooded hillsides, Lab. to N. J., west
to Minn. and Iowa. Sepals and petals often 6 or 7. This appears to be
more properly a blackberry.
[+][+] _Stems biennial and woody, prickly; receptacle oblong; fruit
hemispherical._
5. R. strigosus, Michx. (WILD RED RASPBERRY.) _Stems upright_, and with
the stalks, etc., _beset with stiff straight bristles_ (or a few
becoming weak hooked prickles), glandular when young, somewhat glaucous;
leaflets 3--5, oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, whitish-downy
underneath, the lateral ones sessile; petals as long as the sepals;
_fruit light red_.--Thickets and hills, Lab. to N. J., and south in the
mountains to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo.
6. R. occidentalis, L. (BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.) _Glaucous all
over; stems recurved, armed_ like the stalks, etc., _with hooked
prickles, not bristly_; leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely
doubly serrate, whitened-downy underneath, the lateral ones somewhat
stalked; petals shorter than the sepals; _fruit purple-black_ (rarely a
whitish variety), ripe early in July.--Common, especially northward.--An
apparent hybrid (R. neglectus, _Peck_) between this and the last species
occurs, with characters intermediate between the two, and growing with
them.
Sec. 2. _Fruit, or collective drupes, not separating from the juicy
prolonged receptacle, mostly ovate or oblong, blackish; stems prickly
and flowers white._--BLACKBERRY.
7. R. villosus, Ait. (COMMON or HIGH BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby (1--6 deg. high),
furrowed, _upright or reclining, armed with stout curved prickles_;
branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the leaves _hairy and
glandular_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate, pointed, unequally
serrate, the terminal ones somewhat heart-shaped, conspicuously stalked;
_flowers racemed, numerous_; bracts short; sepals linear-pointed, much
shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading petals.--Borders of thickets,
etc., common, and very variable in size, aspect, and shape of
fruit.--Var. FRONDOSUS, Torr., is smoother and much less glandular, with
flowers more corymbose, leafy bracts and roundish petals. With the type,
more common at the north.--Var. HUMIFUSUS, Torr. & Gray, is smaller and
trailing, with peduncles few-flowered. More common southward, and
connecting with the next species.
8. R. Canadensis, L. (LOW BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.) _Shrubby, extensively
trailing, slightly prickly_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5--7), oval or
ovate-lanceolate, mostly pointed, thin, _nearly smooth_, sharply
cut-serrate; flowers racemed, with leaf-like bracts.--Dry fields,
common; Newf. to Va., west to central Minn. and E. Kan.
9. R. hispidus, L. (RUNNING SWAMP-BLACKBERRY.) _Stems slender, scarcely
woody, extensively procumbent, beset with small reflexed prickles_;
leaflets 3 (or rarely pedately 5), _smooth, thickish, mostly
persistent_, obovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, entire toward the base;
_peduncles leafless, several-flowered, often bristly; flowers small_;
fruit of few grains, black.--In low woods or swampy grassy ground,
N. Scotia to Ga., west to Minn. and E. Kan.
10. R. cuneifolius, Pursh. (SAND BLACKBERRY.) _Shrubby_ (1--3 deg. high),
_upright, armed with stout recurved prickles, branchlets and lower side
of the leaves whitish-woolly_; leaflets 3--5, wedge-obovate, thickish,
serrate above; peduncles 2--4-flowered; _petals large_.--Sandy woods,
southern N. Y. and Penn. to Fla., west to Mo. and La.
11. R. trivialis, Michx. (LOW BUSH-BLACKBERRY.) _Shrubby, procumbent_,
bristly and prickly; _leaves evergreen, coriaceous, nearly glabrous_;
leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate-oblong or lanceolate, sharply serrate;
peduncles 1--3-flowered; petals large.--Sandy soil, Va. to Fla., west to
Mo. and Tex.
6. DALIBARDA, L.
Calyx deeply 5--6-parted, 3 of the divisions larger and toothed. Petals
5, sessile, deciduous. Stamens many. Ovaries 5--10, becoming
nearly dry seed-like drupes; styles terminal, deciduous.--Low
perennials, with creeping and densely tufted stems or rootstocks, and
roundish-heart-shaped crenate leaves on slender petioles. Flowers 1 or
2, white, on scape-like peduncles. (Named in honor of _Thomas Dalibard_,
a French botanist of the time of Linnaeus.)
1. D. repens, L. Downy; sepals spreading in the flower, converging and
enclosing the fruit.--Wooded banks; common northward. June--Aug.--In
aspect and foliage resembling a stemless Violet.
7. GEUM, L. AVENS.
Calyx bell-shaped or flattish, deeply 5-cleft, usually with 5 small
bractlets at the sinuses. Petals 5. Stamens many. Achenes numerous,
heaped on a conical or cylindrical dry receptacle, the long persistent
styles forming hairy or naked and straight or jointed tails. Seed erect;
radicle inferior.--Perennial herbs, with pinnate or lyrate leaves. (A
name used by Pliny, of unknown meaning.)
Sec. 1. GEUM proper. _Styles jointed and bent near the middle, the upper
part deciduous and mostly hairy, the lower naked and hooked, becoming
elongated; head of fruit sessile in the calyx; calyx-lobes reflexed._
[*] _Petals white or pale greenish-yellow, small, spatulate or oblong;
stipules small._
1. G. album, Gmelin. _Smoothish or softly pubescent; stem slender_ (2 deg.
high); root-leaves of 3--5 leaflets, or simple and rounded, with a few
minute leaflets on the petiole below; those of the stem 3-divided
or lobed, or only toothed; hairs upon the long slender peduncles
ascending or spreading; _receptacle of the fruit densely
bristly-hirsute._--Borders of woods, etc.; common. May--Aug.
2. G. Virginianum, L. _Bristly-hairy, especially the stout stem_; lower
and root-leaves pinnate, very various, the upper mostly 3-parted or
divided, incised; petals inconspicuous, shorter than the calyx; heads of
fruit larger, on short stout peduncles hirsute with reflexed hairs;
_receptacle glabrous_ or nearly so.--Borders of woods and low grounds;
common. June--Aug.
[*][*] _Petals golden-yellow, conspicuous, broadly-obovate, exceeding
the calyx; stipules larger and all deeply cut._