Capston; for if the Cables are stiff, or have lain long in Oazy Ground,
unless that Part of the Cable heaving in, be hawled away hard by the
Capston, the Voyal will surge or slip back, therefore must be hawled
away as fast as it comes in, so as that it may keep close about the
Whelps; and this Work is called holding off, and may be done by Hand
with a small Cable; but in all great Ships, they hold off with Nippers,
and in small Craft they bring the Cable to the Jeer Capston, or about a
Windlass.
Hood
Is made of Copper, to go on the Top of the Chimney, (which is placed
on the Fore-castle for carrying the Smoke out of the Cook Room) and to
shift as the Wind does, that it may always fly out to leeward.
Hooks
When the Edges of Planks are fayd into one another thus, ᒥᒪᒥᒪᒥ it is
said to be Hook and Butt.
Hooks
Boat
Are for fending or setting off Boats.
Cann
Are for hoisting Casks out or into the Ship.
Cant
Are for turning or canting large Masts, having at one End a Ring for
a Hand-spike to go through, and at the other a Claw, which penetrates
into the Masts when they are made Use of to turn them for Survey, _&c._
Fish
Is to take hold of the Shank of the Anchor when to be hove up to the
Bow.
Flesh
With which the Cook takes the Beef and Pork out of the Furnaces.
Gamming
Used when Gammoning the Bowsprit.
Kettle
To hang the Kettles or Pots on over the Fire.
Laying
Are used by the Rope-makers when laying of Cordage.
Port
Are drove into the Ship's Sides, on which the Ports hang.
Puttock
For the Plates to hook upon.
Rave
Used by the Caulkers for picking the old Ocham out of the Seams of
Ships, _&c._
Sheer
Are great Hooks let into, or put on the Main and Fore Yard Arms of
Fireships, in order to fasten into an Enemy's Shrouds, Sails or
Rigging.
Spinning
Are drove into the Rails for the Rope-makers to hang their Threads on,
as they spin them.
Tackle
Spliced into the Straps of Blocks or Ends of Rope.
Hook Pinns
Are Bolts made with a shoulder at one End, and used by the House
Carpenters in frameing, which they drive through the Mortice's and
Tennants of the Work prepared for Building or Wharfing.
Hoops Iron
Anchor Stock
Capston
Masts
Are drove round them in order to their greater Strength and Security.
Hoops Wood
Mast
Nailed round them on each Side of the Wooldings.
Top
Fastened and nailed round the Rims of the Top.
Horse
Is a Rope in a Ship made fast at each Yard Arm, and on which the Men
stand to furl the Sails; and is also a Frame of Wood the Riggers make
use of to woold Ships Masts, which hath a Rowl fixed in it, whereon
several Turns are taken for heaving the Rope taught round the Mast
before the Nails are drove through the Rope.
Horse Irons
Used by the Caulkers, when they cannot come at a Seam with their common
Irons.
Hounds
Are that shouldered Part of all Masts over which the Shrouds are put;
and all above that is called the Mast-head.
Housed in
When the Breadth of a Ship's Bearing is brought in too narrow to her
upper Works, or pinched in too much, she is Housed-in.
Hull
Is the main Body of a Ship without either Masts, Yards, Sails, or
Rigging.
Hullock
Is some small Part of a Sail, let loose in a great Storm; it is chiefly
used in the Mizon to keep the Ship's Head to the Sea when all the rest
of the Sail is made up, except a little at the Mizon Yard Arm.
Hummers
Used by the Scavengers for rakeing up the Filth that comes off from the
Ships Bottoms upon their being scrub'd, which settles at the Bottom
of the Dock, or upon the Apron near the Gates; are made of Wood, not
unlike a Rake.
Jeer
Is a large Rope reeved through treble or double Blocks, lashed at the
Mast-head and on the Yard, which are to hoist or lower the Low-Yards.
Jewel
Made not unlike the Ring of an Anchor, and of Substance, that its
Weight may carry it down, to purchase any Thing that is heavy under
Water, when two Parts of a Cable or Rope are put through it, and as
they heave, the Jewel slides down, jams the Bite, so as that it may not
slip off the Purchase the Rope is about.
Jews Harp
Are made of Iron, and of such Substance and suitable Strength, as to
be sufficient to hold the Pendant Chain where the Moaring Cable is
bent to the Ring, and secured by a Forelock; the other End, which is
round, takes the two short Pendant Chains the Rings of the Anchors are
fastened to; as is the Wood Buoy and Chain.
Iron
Orground, _Stockholm_ and _Spanish_, used by the Smiths for making
Anchors, Bolts, Hoops, and for all other Services where it is proper to
be used in building Ships, or about the Docks, Wharfs, and Yard, _&c._
Iron Sick
A Ship or Boat is said to be Iron-sick, when her Bolts or Nails are
so eaten with Rust, and so worn away, that they make hollows in the
Planks, so as to make the Ship Leaky.
Junk
Is old Cables cut into short Lengths, and issued to Boatswains for
making Swabs, Platts and Nippers; to Carpenters of Ships, and to poor
People to be picked into Ocham, for Caulking Ships Sides, Decks, _&c._
Jury Mast
Whatever is set up in the Room of a Mast lost in a Fight, or by a
Storm, and fastened into the Partners, and fitted with a lesser Yard,
Sails and Ropes, is called a Jury Mast, _&c._
Jutty heads
Platforms standing on Piles which are made near the Docks, and project
without the Wharfs for the more convenient docking and undocking Ships.
Keckle
When the Cables of a Ship gaul in the Hawse, they wind old Rope about
them, which is called Keckling.
Kedging
When a Ship is brought up or down in a narrow River, and the Wind
contrary to the Tide, and yet is to go with the Tide, they use to set
their Fore Course, or Fore-top-sail and Mizon, that so they may flat
her about; and if she happens to come over too near the Shore, they
have a small Anchor in a Boat with a Warp fastened to it from the Ship,
which Anchor they let fall, in order to wind and turn her Head about;
and this Work is called Kedging.
Keel
The principal Piece of Timber first laid when a Ship is to be built,
her whole Length from the lower Part of her Stem to the lower Part
of the Stern Post; into this are all the lower Futtocks fastened and
bolted Fore and Aft; to the under Part of which, a false Keel is
brought on.
Keelers
Are small Tubs, which hold Stuff for the Caulkers to grave Ships
Bottoms, on their being hawled on the Ways, or into the Dock.
Keelson
A principal Piece of Timber fayd within Side of the Ship, cross all
the Floor Timbers, and it being adjusted exactly over the Keel with
suitable Scarphs, it thereby strengthens the Bottom of the Ship.
Kerfe
The Furrows made by a Saw in Timber, Plank, Deals, _&c._
Kersey
Is allowed to make Waste Cloths, Top Armours, or other Accommodations
on board a Ship, Lining entering Ropes, _&c._
Kettles
Double
With two Covers, for dressing Provisions in, when a Ship's Company is
small.
Fish
Small
Are single, and used for several Services on board, and for the Mens
Provisions.
Kevels
Are Pieces of Plank fayd against the Quickwork on the Quarter Deck, in
the Shape of a Semi-circle, for belaying the running Rigging to.
Kinks
When Cables or Cordage is new, or too hard laid, it is stubborn, and
very apt when handed to be coyled to take in Turns, which is called
Kinking.
Knee of the Head
Is commonly called the Cut-water, it supports the Lyon, and all the
Rail-work, _&c._ of the Head.
Knees
Iron
Serve as Standards in some Parts of the Ship; and are also used in
Boats, to keep the Thauts fast to the Side of the Boats.
Wood
Crooked Timbers which brace and bear the End of the Beams, _&c._ to
the Ship's Side, and are called either Hanging, Lodging, Raking, or
Square, and fixed to every Beam where they carry Guns.
Knettles
Two Pieces of spun Yarn put together untwisted.
Knight Heads
Are two Pieces of Timber to which the Halyards and the Top Ropes are
belayed.
Knots
There are two Sorts of Knots used at Sea; one they call a Bowline Knot;
by this the Bowline Bridles are fastened to the Cringles, and will not
slip. The other is a Whale Knot, which is a round Knob or Knot made
with three Strands of a Rope, and serves for the Topsail Sheats and
Stoppers. The Divisions also of the Logline are called Knots, and are
usually seven Fathom asunder; and then as many Knots as the Logline
runs out in Half a Minute, so many Miles the Ship sails in an Hour.
Labour
When a Ship tumbles or rowls at Anchor, or under Sail at Sea, she is
said to Labour.
Ladders
Those made of Wood are for going from one Deck to another; and those of
Ropes, hung over the Stern of the Ships, are to enter out of the Boat,
when the Weather is foul and the Sea high; as are those at the Side
called Accommodation.
Ladles Pitch
Are used at Sea by the Carpenters of the Ships, to hold Stuff, to pay
the Seams when caulked.
Land Fall
Signifies to fall in with the Land; thus, when a Ship out at Sea,
expects to see Land in a little Time, and it so happens that she doth,
they say, they have made a good Landfall.
Land Laid
When a Ship is just got out of Sight of the Land.
Land Lock'd
A Ship rides Land Lock'd when at an Anchor in such a Place, where there
is no Point open to the Sea, so that she is safe from the Violence of
Wind or Tide.
Land shut in
Is when another Point of Land hinders the Sight of that which a Ship
came from.
Land to
Is when a Ship lies so far off from Shore that they can but just see
Land.
Lanterns
Poop
Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, and placed at the Ship's Stern.
Top
Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass; stands on a Crank at the Main-top
when an Admiral or Commodore is on board.
Braces
Are to steady the Lanterns.
Girdles
Go round them.
Hand
Are allowed the Boatswain and Carpenter.
Powderroom
Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, placed at the Bulk-head of the
Magazine, and stands over a Wood Cistern lined with Lead, which is
kept full of Water.
Storeroom
A triangular Light placed at the Bulk-head of the Boatswain and
Carpenter's Store-Rooms.
Lanyards
Are Ropes reeved through dead Eyes of all Shrouds and Chains which are
to slacken or set up the Shrouds. The Stays are also set taught by
Lanyards; and those which fasten the Stoppers to the Cables, are called
Lanyards.
Larboard
The Left Hand Side of the Ship when you stand with your Face to the
Head.
Large
A Ship goes or sails Large, when she goes neither before the Wind or
upon a Wind, but as it were, quartering between both; wherefore Large,
Quartering, Veering or Lasking, are all of the same Signification.
Lashed
Signifies made fast.
Lashing
Is twice laid Cordage made out of old Rigging, and used for Lashing
Booms, and other uses on board; and by the Boatswain of the Yard for
rafting Timber, Masts, _&c._
Lasking
When a Ship sails neither by, nor directly before the Wind, she is
said to go Lasking, which is much the same as Veering, or going with a
quarterly Wind.
Latchetts
Small Line (made like Loops) is sewn to a Bonnet or Drabler for lacing
them together.
Laths
Are used by the Bricklayers on the Roofs and Ceiling of Houses.
Launch
Is to put out; thus they say, Launch the Ship off the Stocks, or out
of a Dock, Launch the Boat, Launch the Davit in or out, Launch out
the Capston Bars; also when they have hoisted up a Yard high enough,
they say in another Sense, Launch ho; that is, hoist no more; also
in stowing any Thing in the Hold of a Ship, they cry, Launch Aft, or
Launch forward on.
Leads
Deepsea
Hand
Are bent to Lines for finding the Depth of Water.
Lead
Pipes
Large
Are used for the Pisdales on board a Ship, and for conveying the
Water from the Cistern to the Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.
Small
Are joined to the large Pipes as Branches to the Officers Houses, and
Jutty Heads.
Mill'd
Is used for covering Houses, Gutters, lining the Ship's Furnaces, and
several other Uses both a-float and a-shore.
Scuppers
Are let through the Ship's Sides for carrying the Water from off the
Decks.
Leather
Buckets
Are fixed with Lanyards on board a Ship, to be ready in Case of Fire;
and also are placed in the Officers Houses for that Purpose.
Hoses
Are for starting Water at the watering Places into Casks; and for the
like Use on board Ships.
Licquor'd
Is for leathering Pump Chains.
Scuppers
Are nailed over the Holes of the Lead Scuppers, not only for carrying
the Water down the Ship's Sides, but also prevents its washing in on
the Gun-deck.
Ledges
Are square Pieces of Timber, reaching from Carling to Carling thwart
Ships, and the Decks are fastened to these, as well as to the Carlings
and Beams.
Lee
A Word diversly used at Sea; they mean generally by it, the Part
opposite to the Wind.
Lee Fangs
Are Ropes reeved into the Cringles of Yachts and Hoys Sails.
Lee Latch
A Word of Command to the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel, spoken by
him that Conds, to take Care that the Ship don't go to leeward of her
Course.
Lee Shore
Is that on which the Wind blows; and therefore to be under the Lee of
the Shore, is to be close under the Weather Shore, or under the Wind.
Leeward Ship
One that doth not keep her Wind, or doth not sail so near the Wind, nor
make her Way so good as she should.
ALee the Helm
They mean put the Helm to the Leeward Side of the Ship.
To lay a Ship by the Lee, or to come by the Lee, is to bring her so
that all her Sails may lie flat against her Masts and Shrouds, so that
the Wind may come right upon her Broadside.
Leech of a Sail
Signifies the outward Skirt of the Sail from the Earing to the Clew, or
Middle of the Sail between the two.
Leech Lines
Are Ropes fastened to the Leech of the Topsails (only) and then reeved
into a Block at the Yard, just by the Topsail Runners; their Use is to
hawl in the Leech of the Sail, when the Topsails are to be taken in,
which is always first done, and then the Sail can be taken in with the
greater Ease.
Lett Fall
The Word at Sea for putting out a Sail when the Yard is Aloft, and the
Sail is to come down from the Yard; but when the Yards are lowered,
then the Sail is loosed below, before they hoist the Yard: Neither is
it said properly of Topsails, because the Yards lie on the Cap, and
therefore the Word for them is, Heave out your Topsails; nor can it be
applied to the Mizon; for to it, the Word is, Strike the Mizon and set
it, so that in Strictness it belongs only to the Main and Fore Courses,
when their Yards are hoisted up.
Level
An Instrument used by Carpenters, Bricklayers and Masons, and made of a
long Piece of Wood at Bottom, and with an upwright Piece in the Middle,
to hold a Thread and Plummet, which plays about a perpendicular line
there drawn, and when it falls exactly on it, then is the Bottom Piece
in a true Level or horizontal Position.
Lewis's
Are made of Iron, and put into the Holes the Masons cut beveling in
large Stones for purchasing them, which spread themselves (by having a
Wedge put into the Middle) like a Dovetail, so that there is no Danger
of the Stones falling when hoisted up, in order to be laid in its bed
of Mortar.
Lie
A Ship lies under the Sea, when her Helm being made fast a Lee, she
lies so a-hull that the Sea breaks upon her Bow, or her Broadside.
Lieutenant
Is a Commission Officer next to the Captain, who, upon the Death or
Absence of the Commander, has the entire Charge and Conduct of the
Ship, and stands accountable for the whole Duty as Commander of her;
and the youngest is to exercise the Seamen, and to see that the Small
Arms are kept in good order.
Lifts
Are Ropes made fast to the Yard Arms, and their Use is either to hoist
or top the Yard, that is, to make the Ends of the Yards hang higher or
lower, as occasion serves. The Topsail Lifts serve as Sheats to the
Top-gallant Yards, as well as Lifts for the Topsail Yards. And they at
the Spritsail Yard are standing and running Lifts.
Limber Boards
Are Pieces of Plank fayd from the Foot Waaling to the upper Edge of
the Keelson, to prevent the Ballast stopping the free Course of the
Buildge-water to the Pumps, which runs through Holes made in the
Timbers for that Purpose, and are called Limber Holes.
Limber Irons
Are to clear the Holes so as that the Water may pass without
Interruption to the Well.
Linch Pins
Are made of Iron, and go through the Axle-trees of Carts, Timber
Carriages, _&c._ to keep on their Wheels or Trucks.
Lines
Cabbin
Are for lacing the Officers Bed Places.
Deepsea
Bent to a Lead, in order to sound the Depth of Water.
Logg
Are wound about a Reel, to keep an Account of the Ship's Way through
the Sea; this Line for about ten Fathom from the Logg, hath, or ought
to have, no Knots or Divisions, because so much should be allowed for
the Logg's being clear out of the Eddy of the Ship's Wake, before they
turn up the Glass; but then the Knots or Divisions begin, and ought to
be at least fifty Feet from one another, though the common Practice at
Sea is to have them but seven Fathom.
Sail
Are used by the Sail-makers in their Work.
Sash
Are used for hoisting or lowering Sashes.
Tarr'd
Are used for seizing Ropes and Blocks.
White
Are bent to Hand Leads for sounding the Depth of Water.
Links
Are made use of by the Men when they work at Night, either on docking
the Ships, or repairing Wharfs, Jutty Heads, _&c._
List
If a Ship heels either to Starboard or Port, they say, she hath a List
that Way; and they say so, if it be occasioned only by the shooting of
her Ballast, or by the unequal stowing of Things in her Hold; though it
is more properly said of a Ship, when she is inclined to heel any way
upon the Account of her Mold or Make.
Lockers
Are a Kind of Box or Chest made in the Officers Cabbins to put or stow
any Thing in.
Locks
Brass
Are allowed Flag Ships.
Casement
Chest
Cupboard
Hanging
Plate
Spring Double
Spring Single
Stock
Are used by the Master, House Carpenter, Master Joiner, and Carpenters
of Ships, for such uses as they are proper for.
Logg
Is a Piece of Wood or Board about seven or eight Inches long, of a
triangular Figure, and with as much Lead cast into it at one End, as
will serve to make it swim upright in the Water; at the other End of
which the Logline is fastened.
Loggerheat
Is made with a large round Ball of Iron at one End of a Handle, and is
to heat Pitch on board a Ship.
Loof of a Ship
Is that Part of her Aloft which lies just before the Chess-tree.
Loom
If a Ship appears big at Sea when seen at a Distance, they say she
Looms, or appears a great Ship.
Loom Gale
Is a gentle easy Gale of Wind, in which a Ship can carry her Topsails a
Trip.
Loop hole
Are Holes made in the Comings of the Hatches of Ships, and in their
Bulk-heads to fire Muskets through, in a close Fight.
Luff
Is a Term used in conding a Ship; thus Luff up, is to bid the Man at
the steering Wheel, keep nearer the Wind. To Luff into an Harbour, is
to sail into it, close by the Wind. To spring the Luff, is when a Ship,
that before was going large before the Wind, is brought close, or claps
close by the Wind. When a Ship sails upon a Wind as they say, that is,
on a Quarter Wind, the Word of him that Conds is, Luff; keep your Luff;
Veer no more; keep her too; touch the Wind; have a Care of a Lee Latch.
All which Words signify much the same Thing, and bids the Man at the
Wheel to keep the Ship near the Wind. But on the contrary, if the Ship
is to go more large or right before the Wind, the Word is, Ease the
Helm; no near! bear up.
Luff Hook
Is to succour the Tackles in a large Sail, that all the Stress may not
bear upon the Tack; sometimes also it is used when the Tack is to be
seized the surer.
Luff Tackle
Is a Tackle in a Ship, which serves to lift or hoist all small Weights
in or out of her.
Lying under the Sea
When in a Storm the Ship is a-hull, and the Helm so fastened a-lee,
that the Sea breaks upon her Bow or Broadside, _&c._
Lyme
Is to make Mortar for the Use of the Bricklayers and Stone Masons.
Lyon
Is a carved Figure fixed on the Knee of the Head.
Mails
Are made of Iron, and interwoven, not unlike a Chain; they are for
rubbing off the loose Hemp which remain on Lines or white Cordage after
it is made.
Mallets
Buildge
Are used by the Caulkers for driving in the reeming irons, to open the
Seams before caulked.
Driving
Are used by the Riggers to splice Cordage.
Serving
Are used by the Riggers and Sail-makers after they have put on
Parsling of old Canvas, for serving the Ship's Shrouds, or Clews of
Sails.
Mandrels
The Smiths set Hoops round, on them.
Manger
Is a Place partitioned off in the Bow of the Ship, to keep the Water
that may come in at the Hawse Holes from running Fore and Aft on the
Deck, and has two large Scuppers fixed on each Side to vent the Water
that comes in.
Marline
Is small Line made with two Strands laid slack, that it may be the more
pliable, out of Hemp flyings; its use is to seize the End of Ropes,
Straps of Blocks, _&c._ And marling a Sail is fastening it to the
Boltrope by a Logline put through the Eye-let Holes at the two lower
Clews, when served and marled before finished for Service.
Marline Spikes
Are made tapering of Iron, for spliceing together small Ropes, _&c._
Marking Yarn
Is white Yarn spun the wrong Way, and put into all Cordage of three
Inches and upwards, as the King's Mark.
Master
Appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, and is to obey his
Commander's Orders for the dispatching the Ship in fitting her out; to
inspect the Provisions and Stores sent on board; to take Care of the
Ballast that the Hold be carefully stowed, the Rigging and Stores duely
preserved, and to navigate the Ship, _&c._
Master at Arms
Appointed by Warrant from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty,
and are to be Men well skilled in Martial Discipline, who are daily to
exercise at Small Arms the Petty Officers and Ship's Company; to place
and relieve Centinels; to mount the Guard; to see the Firelocks and
other Arms be clean; observing the Orders of the Lieutenant at Arms;
to see that the Fire and Candles be put out in proper Season; to visit
all Vessels and Boats for preventing the Seamen going from the Ship;
to acquaint the Officer of the Watch with all Misdemeanors: And the
Corporals are to act and perform the same Duty under him.
Master Sailmaker
Is appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, who, with his Mate and
Crew, are to examine all Sails brought on board; attend all Surveys and
Conversions; inspect into their Condition, and timely to repair and
keep them fit for Service; to see they are perfectly dry when put into
the Store-room, and there secured from Drips, Damps and Vermin; and to
attend the Delivery of them into Store.
Masts
Of the Growth of _New England_ and _Riga_, are generally wrought into
sixteen Squares, and are received into Store by their Diameter in
Inches; the former are worked up for Fore or Main-masts, and the latter
generally for Mizon-masts. _Norway_ and _Gottenbro'_ are brought from
thence rough as they grow; are measured by girting them, and received
by Hands, that is, four Inches make a Hand; are used for Top-masts or
Yards.
Masts made
[Illustration: 1st Rates Main
Main Top
Main top gallant
Bowsprit
_Proportionably drawn by a Scale of 15^{inch} to 100 Feet statute
measure._]
For a Ship are the Sprit-top-mast, Fore, Fore-top, Fore-top-gallant,
Main, Main-top, Main-top-gallant, Mizon and Mizon-top; and amongst
which may be reckoned her Bowsprit; and the low ones are generally
made out of _New England_ Growth, and the Topmasts and Top-gallant
Masts, out of those brought from _Riga_, _Gottenbro'_ or _Norway_.
Matts
Are made out of Junk, old Rope Yarns, _&c._ for preserving the Yards
from galling or rubbing in hoisting or lowering them.
Mauls
Doubleheaded
Are allowed the Carpenters for such Uses as are requisite.
Top
Are for driving the Iron Fids in or out of the Heel of the Top-masts.
Messengers
Are allowed to great Ships, and a Cable-laid Rope which are made use of
in the same Manner as the Voyals are, though not so big, brought round
the main Capston, and are a Sort of Succour to the Voyal, but are never
made use of, after the Anchor is a Peek.
Midshipman
His Station on Duty is on the Quarter Deck, Poop, _&c._ to mind the
Braces, look out and give the Word of Command from the Captain and
other superior Officers, and to assist on all occasions both in sailing
the Ship, and in stowing her Hold, _&c._
Mizon Course
When the Tack is taken off from the Mast forward, it is called a
Bon-adventure Mizon.
Moar
Signifies the laying out the Anchors of a Ship so, as is best and
safest for her riding.
Moarings
Are laid out in Harbour, and consists of Claws, Pendant Chains, Cables,
Bridles, Anchors, Swivel, Jews-harp, Buoys, and Chains for Ships to
ride at, either when under Orders of fitting for the Sea, or are laid
up in Ordinary.
Monkey
A Block made of Iron with a Catch, made use of in Ginns for driving
Piles.
Monk Seam
Sewing the Edges or Selvedges of Sails together, over one another on
both Sides, to make it the Stronger.
Mooter