Cringles

Are small Pieces of Rope spliced into the Body Rope of Courses and

Topsails, and are,

_First_, The Bowline Cringle, to which the Bowline Bridle is fastened.

_Second_, Leech Cringle, where the Leechlines and Clewgarnets are made

fast.

_Third_, Reef Cringle, to which is fastened the Reef-tackle Tye.

There are also Cringles made of Iron, which are Rings to go round the

Stays of Hoys or Yachts, and are seized to their Fore-sails and Jibbs

for the more easy hoisting them.

Crossjack

Is a Yard flung at the upper End of the Mizon Mast under the Top; it

hath no Halyards belonging to it; its Use is to spread and hawl Home

the Mizon-top-sail Sheats.

Crosspiece.

Is a great Piece of Timber which goes a-cross the Bitts of a Ship, and

about which several Turns of the Cable are taken when she Rides at

Anchor.

Crosstrees.

Are Pieces that go a-cross the Tressle-trees at each of the standing

Mast-heads; there are two and three to a Top-mast.

Crotches

Are very crooked Pieces of Timber in the Hold or Bread-room, from the

Mizon Step Aft, fayd cross the Keelson to strengthen the Ship in the

Wake of the half Timbers.

Crotches Iron

Are used on board Sloops or Long Boats, which go with Shoulder of

Mutton Sails, for their Boom to lodge upon.

Crows

Are made with a Claw at one End, and a sharp Point at the other, and

used for heaving or purchasing great Weights.

Crowfoot

Are small Ropes put through the Holes of dead Eyes, and divided into

several Parts, and spreads from the Rim of the Tops, pointways to a

Tackle on the Stays, for preventing the Topsails getting foul of them.

Cuddy

Is a Place upon the Quarter Deck Afore the Captain's Cabbin. When an

Admiral is on board, it is divided into Partitions for the Secretary's

Office.

Culm

Is used for burning _Plymouth_ Marble Stone, or Chalk, to make Lime.

Davit

A Piece of Timber in a Ship having a Notch at one End, in which, by a

Strap, hangs a Block called the Fish Pendant Block, the Use of which

is, to hawl up the Flook of the Anchor, in order to fasten it to the

Ship's Bow; this Davit is shiftable from one Side to the other as

occasion serves.

Dead Eyes

Are a Kind of Blocks having three Holes in them, and through them the

Lanyards go, which make fast the Shrouds below to the Chains; the Fore,

Main and Mizon Stays of a Ship are set taught by dead Eyes, but they

have only one Hole through which the Lanyards have several Turns passed

through them.

Crowfoot

Has a great many Holes bored through them, wherein is reeved the

Crowfoot for the Top.

Ironbound

Serves (in Case a Chain Plate gives way) with being hooked to a Shroud

Ess as a Chain Plate.

Dead

Reckoning

Is that Estimation, Judgment or Conjecture which is made where a Ship

is, by keeping an Account of her Way by the Logg, in knowing the

Course they have steered by the Compass, and by rectifying all the

Allowance for Drift, Leeway, _&c._ according to the Ship's Trim, so

that this reckoning is without any Observation of the Sun, Moon and

Stars, and is to be rectified as often as any good Observation can be

had.

Riseing

Are Pieces of Timber put on the Keel one upon another Afore and Abaft;

there is more or less according as the Ship is either full or lean; if

the latter, the dead Wood is so put that the Floor Timbers would be

within a Square.

Water

Is the Water just behind the Stern of a Ship, and if a great Eddy

follows her, they say, she makes much Dead-water; this is called so,

because it doth not pass away so swiftly as the Water running by her

Side.

Deals Ordinary

Are used by the House Carpenters and Joyners for Flooring, making

Bulk-heads, _&c._

Deals Prusia

For Ships upper Works, or laying their Decks.

Deck

Is a planked Floor, on which the Guns lye, and Men walk. In great Ships

there are three Decks, Upper, Middle and Gun, besides a Quarter Deck,

which reaches from the Bulk-head of the Round-house, to very near the

Main-mast.

Diall

A Square Piece of Wood, framed and made not unlike the Dial Plate of

a Clock, whereon the Hours are painted, fixed to the Mizon-Mast, and

after the Ship's Bell being struck, they put the Hand of it to the Hour.

Dipping Needle

A Magnetical Needle, so hung, that instead of playing horizontally, and

pointing out _N_° and _S_°, one End dips and inclines to the Horizon,

the other Points to a certain Degree of Elevation.

Division

Or Squadron, being Part of a Fleet, commanded by a Flag Officer or

Commodore.

Dock

Is made by the Side of the Harbour for taking in Ships, and Men to work

in, in order to build or repair them.

A Dry-Dock, the Water is kept out by Gates, 'till a Ship is built or

repaired, but after that, can easily be let in to Float and Launch her.

A Wet-Dock is a Place where a Ship lies a Float at all Times of Tide to

be repaired in.

Dogger

A small Vessel built after the _Dutch_ fashion, with a narrow Stern,

and commonly but one Mast.

Doggs

Fire

To burn Wood on.

Timber

Are drove into Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the

Saw-pits.

Drabler

Made of Canvas, to be added to a Bonnet when there is need of more Sail.

Drags

Are for clearing the Aprons of the Docks of the Filth, that the Gates

may the better, and without Difficulty, open and shut.

Drift Sail

Used under Water, veered Right out a-head, upon the Sea in a Storm,

being to keep the Ship's Head Right upon the Sea.

Drive

A Ship is said to drive, when her Anchors will not hold her fast; to

prevent which, they Veer out more Cable, (for the more she has out, the

surer and safer she Rides) or else they let go more Anchors.

Earing

Is that Part of the Boltrope which at the four Corners of the Sail is

left open in the Form of a Ring; the two uppermost of which are put

over the Yard-Arms to fasten the Sail to the Yard: And into those at

the Foot, the Tacks and Sheats are seized or bent to the Clews.

Ease the Ship

Done by slackening the Shrouds when they are too stiff set up.

Eddy

When the Water turns back contrary to the Tide.

End for End

When a Rope is all run out of the Block, _&c._

Engines Water

Are for extinguishing any Fire that may happen on board a Ship, when

Breaming, Cleaning, or Graving, on which occasion a Number stand ready

filled with Water on each Side of the Dock, and Mann'd, to prevent any

fatal Accident of Fire.

Esses

Kettle

For a Kettle or Pot to hang on in the Cook-Room.

Shroud

To hook into an Iron-bound dead Eye, to serve as a Chain-plate in Case

of Need.

Eye

The Compass or Ring left in the Strap of any Block, which is called the

Eye of the Strap.

Fagg

The End of those Strands which do not go through the Tops, when a Cable

or Rope is closed, are called Faggs.

Fake

Is one Round or Circle of a Cable or Hawser coyled up out of the Way.

Fall

That Part of the Rope of a Tackle which is hauled upon, is called a

Fall. Also when a Ship is under Sail, and keeps not so near the Wind as

she should do, they say, She Falls off: Or when a Ship is not flush,

but hath riseings of some Parts of her Decks more than others, it is

called Falls.

Fashion Pieces

Are two Compassing Pieces of Timber, into them are fixed on each Side,

the Transom.

Fathom

A Line of small Rope cut six Feet long, and used for measuring the

Length of Cables and Cordage.

Fend

For defending or saving a Boat from being staved against the Rocks,

Shore, or Ships Sides.

Fenders

Signifies any Pieces of Junk or old Cable, hung over the Ship's

Sides, to keep others from rubbing against her. Boats have also the

same.—Those made of Iron are for the Hearth in the Cook-Room.

Fidds

Spliceing

Are used to splice or fasten Ropes together, and are made tapering at

one End; and so are those made of Wood, which are used for spliceing

Cables. So there is also one goes through the Heel of the Top-mast,

which bears upon the Chess-trees, and are called

Topmast

Top-mast Fidds.

Files

Are for wheting Saws, and used by the Smiths in their Works.

Fire

Fork

Shovell

Tongs

For the Use of the Cook-Room.

Fishes

Are Pieces of Timber put upon the Masts and Yards if sprung, or for

strengthening them, least they should fail in Stress of Weather.

Fishing Geer

A Sett which consists of Nets, Lines, Hooks, _&c._ is allowed to each

Ship which goes to the _East_ and _West Indies_, _Virginia_, _Guinea_,

_New England_, _New York_, _St. Helena_, and the _Cape_, and _South

Carolina_.

Fish Pendant

Hangs at the End of the Davit, by the Strap of the Block, to which the

Fish Hook is spliced, by which means the Flook of the Anchor is hawled

up to the Ship's Bow or Chanwaal.

Flareing

When a Ship is a little housing in, near the Water, and the upper Work

hangs over, or is broader aloft.

Flatts

Is a Midship, and as many Timbers Afore and Abaft, that has no more

riseing than the Midship Flatt, are all called Flatts.

Flitting

Altering or removing a dead Eye in the Low or Top-mast Shrouds and

Backstays, either to lengthen or shorten them, is called Flitting.

Float

Is an Instrument used by the Smiths to make their Work smooth, instead

of a File.

Floor

Are those Timbers lying transverse to the Keel, being bolted through

it; they are the first laid in the Order of building, and where the

Floor sweep begins, there the Streight one Ends; and when there is

a great many Flatts, that has little or no rising, than we say, She

carries her Floor a great Way Fore and Aft. And strictly taken, is so

much only of her Bottom as she rests upon, when lying a-ground.

Flown Sheats

A ship sails with Flown Sheats when they are not hauled Home, or close

to the Blocks; they say when in a Gust of Wind, Let fly the Sheats, for

fear the Ship should overset or spring her Top-masts.

Flush

When the Deck of a Ship has no Bulk-heads from Stem to Stern, they say,

Her Decks are Flush Fore and Aft.

Foot waaling

Is all the Inboard Planking, from the Keelson upwards to the Orlop

Clamps.

Fore Castle

Is that Part where the Fore-mast stands, and it is divided from the

Rest of the Floor by the Bulk-head, in which generally the Cook-Room is

built; as are the Boatswain, Carpenter and Cook's Cabbins.

Fore Foot

Is the foremost Part of the Keel, that first takes the Ground.

Forelocks

Are little flat Wedges made of Iron, used at the Ends of Bolts to keep

them from flying out of the Holes.

Fore reach

A Ship fore reaches upon another, when both sailing together, one Sails

better, or out goeth the other.

Forks

Breeming

Used by the Caulkers, to hold the Furz Faggots, when on fire, for

cleaning Ships bottoms, when to be graved.

Flesh

For taking Pieces of Beef or Pork, when dressed by the Cook, out of

the Furnaces.

Foul

When a Ship has been long untrimmed, so that Grass, Weeds, or Barnacles

stick, or grow to her Sides under Water, she is then said to be Foul;

also a Rope is Foul when it is either tangled in its self, or hindered

by another, so that it cannot run or be over hawled.

Foul Water

A Ship is said to make Foul-water, when being under Sail, she comes

into such Shoal Water, that though her Keel do not touch the Ground,

yet she comes so near it, that the Motion of the Water under her,

raiseth the Mud from the Bottom.

Founder

A Ship is said to Founder, when by any extraordinary Leak, or by a

great Sea, breaking in upon her, she is filled with Water, that she

cannot be freed of it, nor able to swim under it, but sinks with the

Weight thereof.

Free

The Pump Frees a Ship when it throws out more Water than Leaks into

her; but on the contrary, when it cannot throw out the Water so fast as

it Leaks in, they say, The Pump cannot Free her; also bailing or lading

Water out of a Boat, is called freeing the Boat.

Freeze

When Ships Quarters and upper Works are painted with Trophies, _&c._

then it is said they are freezed.

Fresh Shot

Signifies the falling down of any great River into the Sea.

Funnels

Copper

Are used as a Chimney, where Commanders have a Stove in the Great

Cabbin.

Lead

Are fixt in the Galleries of Ships.

Furl

For wrapping up and binding any Sail close to the Yard, which is done

by hauling upon the Clew-lines, Bunt-lines, _&c._ which wraps the Sail

close together, and being bound fast to the Yard, with the Gaskets, the

Sail is furled.

Furnaces

Copper

For dressing the Ship's Companies Victuals in, or heating Tar at the

Rope Yard.

Iron

For heating Pitch, Tar or Turpentine for the Caulkers paying Ships

Bottoms or Sides.

Furring

Is the regular fashioning out any Part when the main Piece of the

Material is scanty, either by Defects, Wains, or want of Thickness,

then a Piece of the same is put behind it, to make good its Thickness,

which is called a Furr.

Furz Faggots

For Breeming Ships when in the Dock to be cleaned, or under Repair.

Futtocks

There are lower, second, third and fourth, and these Timbers being put

together, make a Frame-bend.

Gage

When one Ship is to windward of another, she is said to have the

Weather Gage of her.

Gages

Are used by the Smiths, for gageing Bolts, so as to make them of a true

and right Size.

Gale

When the Wind blows not so hard but that a Ship can carry her Topsails

a Trip, (that is, hoisted up to the Highest) then they say it is a

Loom Gale. When it blows very strong, they say, it is a stiff, strong,

or fresh Gale. When two Ships are near one another at Sea, and there

being but little Wind blowing, one of them finds more of it than the

other, they say, that the Ship Gales away from the other.

Gallery

Is that beautiful Frame, which is made at the Stern of a Ship

without-board, into which there is a Passage out of the Admiral's or

Captain's Cabbin, and are for stately Shew and Ornament to the Ship.

Gally

Is a Place in the Cook-Room, where the Grates are set up, and in which

they make Fires, for boyling or roasting the Victuals.

Gammoning

Are several turns of Rope taken round the Bowsprit, and reeved through

Holes in the Knee of the Head, for the greater Security of the Bowsprit.

Gang

To man the Boat, is to put a Gang of Men (which is a Company) into her,

who are called the Boat's Crew.

Gangway

A Deal Plat-form, about three Feet wide in great Ships, ranging in the

Wast from the Quarter Deck to the Fore Castle, over the upper Deck

Guns, for a free Passage for the Officers and Men, in working the Ship

either at Sea or in an Engagement; and so is the Walk made from the

Ladder to the Quarter Deck, called the Gangway, and lies even with the

Gunwale.

Garboard Strake

Is the Plank next the Keel, one Edge of which is run into the Rabit

made in the upper Edge of the Keel on each Side.

Garnet

Is a Tackle in a Ship having a Pendant coming from the Main-mast, with

a Block well seized to the Main-stay, just over the Hatchway, to which

a Guy is fixed to keep it steady; and at the other End is a Long Tackle

Block, in which the Fall is reeved, that so by it any Goods or Casks

may be hauled and hoisted into, or out of the Ship; when this Garnet is

not used, it is fastened along by the Stay.

Gaskets

Made out of Junk or Rope Yarns, are for fastening the Sails to the

Yards when furled up.

Gin

Is a Machine made for driving Piles fitted with a Windlass and Winches

at each End, where eight or nine Men heave, and round which a Rope is

reeved, (that goes over a Wheel at the Top) whose End is seized to an

Iron Monkey, that hooks to a Beetle of different Weights, according

to the Pile they are to drive, being from Eight to Thirteen Hundred

Weight, and when hove up to a cross Piece near the Wheel, it unhooks

the Monkey, whereby the Beetle falls on the upper End of the Pile, and

forces the same into the Ground, and the Monkey's own Weight over-halls

the Windlass, in order for its being hooked again to the Beetle.

Girding-girt

A Ship is Girt, or hath a Girding Girt, when her Cable being so tight

or strained upon the Turning of the Tide, she cannot go over it, but

lies a-cross the Tide.

Glasses

Watch

Being four Hours, governs them at Sea, for changing the Watch.

Half Watch

Runs two Hours.

Half Hour

For keeping the Time of Day and Night.

Half Minute

Quarter Minute

By them they count the Knots, when they heave the log, in order for

finding what Way the ship makes through the Sea.

Glew

Used by the Joyners and House Carpenters in their Works.

Goreing

A Sail is cut Goreing, when it is cut sloping by Degrees, and is

broader at the Clew than at the Earing, as all Topsails and Topgallant

Sails are.

Gooseneck

A Piece of Iron fixed on the End of the Tiller to which the Lanyard of

the Whipstaff, or the Wheel Rope comes, for steering the Ship.

Goosewing

When a Ship Sails before, or with a Quarter Wind in a fresh Gale, to

make the more Haste, they Launch out a Boom and Sail on the Leeside, to

give the Ship more Way, and a Sail so fitted is called a Goosewing.

Grapnells

Boat

Are a Kind of Anchors being made with four Flooks for Boats to ride by.

Fire & Chain

Hand & Chain

Are made with barbed Claws instead of Flooks; are used to be thrown

into an Enemy's Ship, to catch hold of Rigging or any other Part of the

Hull, in order for boarding her.

Grates

Are put up in the Cook-Room to make Fires in for dressing Victuals.

Grateings

Are a Kind of Lettice-work formed of Ledges and Battins, the square

Holes of which being three or four Inches wide, are for the current

footing of Men over the Hatchways, to give Air alow, and Vent for the

Smoke in an Engagement.

Grate Irons

Are to loosen the Mud and Sullage of the Docks, which lodge in the

Grates of the Drains.

Graving

Is bringing a Ship a-ground, and then burning off with Furz, Reed, or

Broom, all the Filth and Foulness that Sticks to her Bottom without

board, in order to pay her anew.

Gripe

Is a Piece of Timber fay'd against the lower Piece of the Stem, from

the Fore-mast End of the Keel, reconciling with the Knee of the Head;

its Use is to defend the lower Part of the Stem from any Injury, but is

often made the larger to make the Ship keep a good Wind.

Gromets

Are small Rings formerly fastened with Staples to the Yards, to make

fast the Gaskets, but now never used.

Ground-tackle

Is a Ship's Anchors, Cables, _&c._ and in general whatever is necessary

to make her ride safe at an Anchor.

Grounding

Is bringing a Ship on Ground to be clean'd, trim'd, or have a Leak

stop'd.

Ground toes

Are what come from the Hemp when dressed at the Hatchel for the

Spinners, and out of which Deepsea, Hamburgh, or Cabbin Lines, Marlin,

and white Ocham are made.

Gudgeons

Are the Eyes drove into the Stern-post, into which the Pintles of the

Rother go to hang it.

Gunner

Has the Charge of all the Ordnance, Ammunition, Small Arms, and other

Stores allowed the Ship in his Province.

Gunwale

Is the Top of the Side in the Wast of all Ships, _&c._ on the

Fore-castle, where there are no Ports, is a Plansheer, over which the

Guns are fired, but in Boats all Fore and Aft.

Guy

Is any Rope, used for keeping off Things from bearing or falling

against the Ship's Side, when they are to be hoisted in; that Rope also

which is made fast to the Fore-mast at one End, and seized to a single

Block at the Pendant of the Garnet, is also called the Guy of the

Garnet.

Haile

Is either to call to a Ship, to know from whence she is, where bound,

salute her, or to wish her Health.

Hair Loose

Used by the Bricklayers in their Mortar, and by the Caulkers to lay on

Sheathing Board.

Hair Spunn

Used by the Caulkers for Caulking the Seams of Ships.

Halberts

For the Use of the Warders, that do Duty at the Yard Gate, and Jetty

Heads.

Hallyards

Are those Ropes by which they hoist up all the Topsail Yards; the Cross

Jack and Spritsail Yard have none, because they are always slung.

Hammacoes

Are made of Canvas for the Seamen to lie in.

Hammers

Clench

Are made with hardened Edges, to clench Bolts, _&c._

Fidd

Their Handle is made tapering in the Form of a Fidd.

Hack

Are for notching the Edges of Hacksaws to saw Bolts.

Picking

Are used by the House Carpenters for dressing Grindstones, and

Bricklayers on slateing and tyleing.

Sett

Are used by the Mast-makers for setting up Iron Hoops on Ships Masts,

Yards, _&c._

Hances

Falls or Descents of the Fife Rails which are placed from the Stern

down to the Gangways.

Hand Cuffs

Are for securing Pirates when taken Prisoners.

Hand Hooks

Are used by the Smiths to turn or twist square Iron.

Hand Screws Double}

Single}

Used for canting Timber, or other weighty Stores.

Handsplices

Used by the Smiths to drive in any Work that is hooped up, to cant or

turn it.

Handspikes

Are used, at Sea to traverse the Ordnance, or heave withal at a

Windlass in small Ships or Vessels to weigh the Anchor; and in the

Yard, are used by the Labourers, in stowing or canting Timber, _&c._

Harbour

Where Ships may ride safe at an Anchor.

Harpings

Are the foremost Waal Pieces, rounding from the Stem Aft, either in

Boat or Ship.

Hasps

For making fast Doors.

Hatchbarrs

Are for barring down the Hatches in Time of Fight.

Hatchells

Are made use of in the Rope Yard, being set with Teeth for dressing and

preparing the Hemp to make it fit for spinning white Yarn.

Hatchets

Are allowed for cutting Rigging, or other Ropes and Services which they

are proper for.

Hatchways

There are three, all on the Gun Deck, the Fore, Main, and After.

Hawl

Is the same Thing as what we call pulling a-shore.

Hawse

Bags

Are made of Canvas, tapering, stuffed full of Ocham, and are generally

allowed small Ships, to prevent the Seas washing in at the Hawse Holes.

Pieces

Are large Pieces of Timber in the Bow of the Ship, in which are made

two large Holes on each Side for the Cables to pass through.

Plugs

Are to put into the Holes for preventing the Water washing into the

Manger.

Hawser

Is a Rope consisting only of three Strands, and used for Shrouds,

_&c._ and there is a Kind of small Cablet, which consists of nine

Strands, which is vulgarly called a Hawser, being generally used for

transporting or warping Ships, _&c._

Head Sails

Are those Sails which belong to the Foremast and Bowsprit, because they

govern the Head of the Ship, and make her fall off, or keep out of the

Wind, and are in quarter Winds the chief drawing Sails.

Head Sea

Is when a great Wave or Billow of the Sea comes right a-head of a Ship

when in her Course.

Hearth Staves

Are to clear the Smith's Fires, or raise the large Cinders.

Heave

Signifies to throw or fling any Thing over-board; also turning about

the Capston, is called heaving at the Capston; likewise when a ship

being at Anchor, riseth and falleth by the Force of the Waves, she is

said to heave and set.

Heel

That Part of the Foot of any Mast, which is cut away in order for

steping, is called the Heel of the Mast; but the Heels of Topmasts are

square, through which they put the Fidd; also if a Ship lie on one

Side, whether she be a-ground or a-float, they say she heels.

Helm

Is a Piece of Timber, fastened into the Rother Head, and comes as

forward as the Bulk Head of the Gun Room, and he that steers the Ship,

holds the Whipstaff in his Hand, which is fastened into the Helm, but

lately they are left off, and Steering Wheels are made use of.

The Terms of Art belonging to the Helm are,

1 _Port the Helm_,—

That is, put the Helm over to the left Side of the Ship.

2 _Starboard the Helm_,—

That is, put it to the Right Side of the Ship.

3 _Right the Helm, or Helm a Midship_,—

That is, keep it even with the Middle of the Ship.

4 _Bear up the Helm_,—

That is, let the Ship go more large before the Wind.

5 _Bear up round_,—

That is, let the Ship go directly before the Wind, in the Middle

between her two Sheats.

Helve

A Handle for Axes, Hammers or Mauls.

Hemp

Is brought from Riga, _Queenbro'_, _Russia_, _Petersburgh brock_, or

_Konninsburgh_, is received into the Rope Yard, and wrought up into

Cordage, Lines or Twine.

Hencoops

Are for keeping Fowls in.

Hinges

Butt

Are used by the Joyners for hanging Table Leaves, _&c._

Casement

Used for hanging them.

Dovetail

Ess

For light Doors or Lockers.

Garnet Cross

For hanging large Doors or heavy Scuttles.

Ditto Dozen

For hanging small Scuttles.

Locker joynts

Are used for small Lockers.

Port

For hanging Ships Ports.

Riseing

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Scuttle

For Scuttles.

Side

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Hitch

Is a Word to catch hold of any Thing with a Hook or Rope, and to hold

it fast; thus when a Boat is to be hoisted in, Hitch the Tackles into

the Ring Bolts of the Boat; so Hitch the Fish Hook to the Flook of the

Anchor when they are about to weigh.

Hoist

Is for hawling up any Thing into the Ship, or getting up a Topmast,

Yard, _&c._

Hold

Is all that Part of a Ship which lies between the Keelson and lower

Deck, wherein are Bulk-heads, and they divided, are the Steward Room,

Powder Room, Bread Room, and Boatswain and Carpenter's Store Rooms.

Hold Fasts

Are made of Iron, used by Joyners, House Carpenters, or Carvers; goes

through their Benches to hold fast such Work as cannot be finished by

its being held in the Hand.

Hold Off