rough from the Merchant) makes them smooth, and of proper Sizes, before
they are drove through the Plank used on Ships Sides, Decks, Wharfs,
_&c._
Mortar
A Preparation of Lyme, Sand, _&c._ mixed up with Water, and used in
Buildings.
Mouse
Is a large Knot artificially made by the Riggers on the Ship's Stays.
Nails
Brads
Battin
Used by the House Carpenters and Joyners.
Filling
Used on Ships Bottoms when ordered to the _West Indies_, between the
Spaces of the Sheathing Nails.
Flooring
Used by the House Carpenters
Keelband
Used by the Boat Builders.
Clamp
Used by the Shipwrights.
Filling
Used on Ships Bottoms ordered to the _West Indies_.
Lead
For nailing Lead.
Port
Double
Single
Used by the Shipwrights, and are drove into the Beams for the Mens
Hammacoes to hang on.
Rother
Used by the Shipwrights to nail on the Rother Irons.
Rove & Clench.
Used by the Boat Builder on Boats.
Scupper
Has a broad and flat Head, and used for nailing the Leather Scuppers
to the Ship's Sides.
Sharp of Sorts
Used by Shipwrights, House Carpenters and Joyners.
Sheathing
Used For nailing on the Sheathing Board.
Spikes
Used By the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Tacks
Used By the Joyners and Oar-makers for fining Oars.
Timber
Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Weight
Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Wherry
Used by the Boat Builders.
Woolding
Drove through the Ropes that Woold the Ship's Masts.
Needles
Boltrope
Sail
Are allowed the Boatswains for repairing the Ship's Sails when at Sea.
Navel Hoods
Are large Pieces of Stuff fayd against the Hawse Holes, and fills out
to the outer Edge of the Cheeks, to keep the Cable from rubbing them.
Naveline
Is a Rope reeved through a Block made fast to the middle Rib, and
another Block being made fast at the Mast-head, the Line goes through
them, which makes a Tackle to hoist the Parrel.
Navigation
The Art of sailing or conducting a Ship or Vessel the safest and most
commodious Way from one Place to another.
Neap
When a Ship wants Water to float her, so that she cannot get out of a
Harbour, off the Ground, or out of the Dock, she is neaped, and are
those Tides which happen seven Days after the Moon's Change or Full.
Netting
Is twice laid Cordage bigger than Lashing, and is used for Stantion
Ropes, _&c._
Nettings
Are a Sort of Grate made with small twice laid Rope, and seized
together with Rope Yarn or Twine, and are fixed on the Quarters and in
the Tops.
Nippers
Are made of Rope Yarns, and several Turns are taken round the Cable and
Voyal when heaving at the Main or Jeer Capston, in order to weigh the
Anchor.
Oars
Barge
Are made out of _New England_ or _Dantzick_ Rafters.
Boat
Are made out either of _English_ Ash, or Firr Rafters from _Norway_.
Ship
Are generally cut out of Firr Timber.
Oazy Ground
Such as is soft, slimy or muddy.
Ocham
Black
Is picked out of old Cables or Junk, in order to caulk the Seams,
Tree-nails and Bends of a Ship, for preventing Leaks.
White
Comes from the flyings of dress'd Hemp, and used for caulking the
Seams of Ships.
Offin
Is a good Distance from the Shore where there is deep Water, and no
Need of a Pilot to Conduct the Ship. Thus if a Ship from Shore be seen
sailing out to Seaward, they say, She stands for the Offin; and if a
Ship having the Shore near her, have another a good Way without her, or
towards the Sea, they say, That Ship is in the Offin.
Offward
If a Ship, being a-ground by the Shore, doth Heel towards the Water
Side, they say, She Heels Offward.
Orlop
A Platform under the Gun-deck for stowing the Cables, and where the
Officers Store-rooms, _&c._ are built.
Over Rake
When the Waves break in upon a Ship riding at Anchor, and the Head Sea
washes over her, then the Waves Over-Rake her.
Oven Lids
Are made of Iron to stop the Mouth of the Oven on board a Ship.
Out licker
Is a Piece fayd down to the upper Rail, and to the cross Piece in the
Head, to carry the Foretack farther from the Middle of the Ship.
Owler
A Master of a Ship, or other Person that conveys Wool, or other
prohibited Goods in the Night to the Sea Side, in order to Ship off,
contrary to Law.
Oyl
Is used for sundry Services on board a Ship, by the Boatswains in
mixing it with Blacking or Tar.
Palleting
The Floor of the Bread-room and Magazine of Powder, generally wrought
of ordinary Deal, and is laid above the Keelson, for keeping the Bread
and Powder dry, in Case there should be more Water in Hold than usual.
Palms
Are round Pieces of Iron, stamp'd full with round Impressions; are
sewed to Leather, which comes into the Palm of the Sail-makers Hand,
and are made use of by them to prevent the Needles running into them,
when sewing the Seams or Boltropes on the Sails.
Pannel
In Joynery, _&c._ a square Piece of thin Wood, sometimes carved,
framed, or groved in a larger Piece between Stiles.
Parbuncle
Is the Name given a Rope Contrived almost like a Pair of Slings; it is
seized both Ends together, and then put double about any heavy Thing
that is to be hoisted in or out of a Ship, and by having a Hook of a
Runner or Tackle hitched into it, they hoist up any Cask or Box.
Parsling
Are Pieces of old Canvas cut about four Inches broad, and wrapped round
Shrouds, Stays, Straps for Blocks, _&c._ before served with spun Yarn.
Parrells
Are made of Ribs and Trucks, and Ropes reeved through them, which
having both their Ends fastened round about the Masts, the Yards by
their Means go up and down the Masts with greater Ease; these also with
the Breast Ropes fasten the Yards to the Masts.
Partners
Are Pieces of thick Stuff, through which Holes for the Masts and
Capstons are cut on each Deck; they are wrought considerably thicker
than the Plank of the Deck, so far as between the respective Beams
where they are placed.
Paunch
Are those Mats made of Sinnet, which in a Ship are made fast to the
Main and Fore Yards, to keep them from galling against the Masts.
Pawle
Is made of Iron, bolted at one End to the Beams through the Deck close
to the Capston, but yet so easily as that it can turn about. Its Use is
to stop the Capston from turning back, by being made to catch hold of
the Whelps, therefore they say, Heave a Pawl; that is, heave a little
more for the Pawl to get hold of the Whelps, and this they call Pawling
the Capston; and droping Pawls are bolted to the Beams, and fall on
the Drum-head, where, on the Top, are Holes cut for receiving the Iron
Pawl.
Paying
Laying over the Seams of a Ship a Coat of hot Pitch, is called Paying
her; or when she is a graving, and her Soil burned off, and a new Coat
of Tallow, Pitch, Rozin and Brimstone boiled together, is put upon her,
that is also called Paying of a Ship.
Peek
Used in these Senses: An Anchor is said to be a Peek, when the Ship
being about to weigh, comes so over her Anchor, that the Cable is
perpendicular between the Hawse and the Anchor, and to bring the Ship
thus, is called heaving a Peek.
Also Peek the Mizon, that is, put the Mizon Yard right up and down by
the Mast.
A Ship is said to ride a Peek when she lies with her Main and Fore
Yards hoisted up, and then having one End of the Yards brought down to
the Gunwale, the other is raised up an End.
The Reason why they thus Peek up their Yards is, least lying in a
River (and they hardly ever use it but then) with their Yards a-cross,
another Ship should come foul of them and break their Yards.
Pendants
Short Ropes, one End of which is fastened either to the Head of the
Mast, End of the Yards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rother; and
at the other End hath a Thimble spliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall
through.
Pendants of Tackles
Are of the same Size as the Main and Fore Shrouds, made with an Eye at
the upper End, to go over the Head of the Mast when single, but when
double, are put over Head by a Hitch, with a single Block at their
lower End for the Runners to be reeved through.
Pentecontore
A Vessel with Fifty Oars.
Pillars
Some are turned in the Form of a Column, and others are square, and
placed generally under the Beams to support them, and the Decks.
Piles
Are large Stakes drove into the Earth for a Foundation to build on, or
to make Dams, _&c._
Pilot
Is he which directs the Men at the Wheel how to steer.
Pillow
The Piece of Timber whereon the Bowsprit resteth close by the Stem.
Pins
Block
For the Shives to run on.
Turn'd
To belay Ropes to.
Tyle
Used by the Bricklayers in Slates and Tyles.
Pintles
Are those Hooks by which the Rother hangs to the Stern Post.
Pirate
A Person or Vessel that robs on the High Seas, or makes Descents on the
Coasts, _&c._ without Permission or Authority of any Prince or State.
Pitch
For paying Seams, and all out-board work after caulked.
Pitches
When a Ship falls with her Head too much into the Sea, or beats against
it so as to endanger her Top Masts, they say, She will Pitch her Masts
by the Board.
Plain Sailing
Is the Art of finding all the Varieties of the Ship's Motion.
Plank
Is sawed out of the strongest Beech, Elm, and Oak Timber, brought on
to the Ship's Sides, and the latter used for laying their Decks, is
cut from four Inches to one Inch and an Half thick; all above four
Inches is called thick Stuff; and that cut out of Timber which grows
compassing two Ways, is called Croaky; and such whose Edges happen to
be circular, is called Snying.
Plates
Backstay
Chain
Has a dead Eye, Iron bound at one End, through which the Lanyards of
the Shrouds and Back Stays are reeved; and the other End has an Eye
through which the Chain Bolt is drove into the Ship's Sides.
Puttock
Are for Fore-top-mast Shrouds, as the Chain are for the low Shrouds,
but with this difference, the dead Eyes are bound into the Plates, and
they have Hooks at the End of them.
Top
Are square and small, nailed on the Rim, through which the Puttock
Plates go, and prevent their wearing the Top away.
Platts
Are made flat, out of Rope Yarn, and waved one over another, their Use
is to save the Cable from galling in the Hawse.
Pointing
Is when the Strands of a Cable, or Rope about two Feet, are untwisted,
and afterwards made less towards the End, in a tapering Manner, where
it is made fast, with Marline wove into the Yarns; the Design of which
is, to keep the Rope from raffling out, or that none may be cut off and
stole away.
Pointers
Are Pillars in an oblique Position from the Floor Rider-heads on each
Side, (pointing) or meeting each other at the Middle of the Gundeck
Beams.
Poop
Is the Floor or Deck over the Round-house, being the highest or
uppermost Part of the Hull of a Ship.
Ports
Are those Holes in a Ship's Side through which her Guns are put out.
Port the Helm
Signifies to put the Helm to the Left or Larboard Side; but they never
say, Larboard the Helm, but always Port; though it is proper to say,
Starboard the Helm, when it is put to the Right Side. A Ship is also
said to heel a Port, when she swims not upright, but leans to the Left
Side.
Port Last
The same as the Gunwale of a Ship; therefore a Yard is down a Port
Last, when it lies down on the Gunwale.
Potts
Are allowed the Boatswains for dressing their Victuals in, and to the
Carpenters for heating Pitch.
Preventers
Are Ropes of different Sizes, cut into short Lengths, and knotted at
each End, to be ready in Case a Shroud should be shot or broke, that
they may be seized to them.
Puddenings
Are seized round the Mast, and tapers to each End from the Middle,
where it is swelled pretty large for the Low-yards (when lowered down)
to rest on; and the Rings of the Anchors are also puddened, to prevent
the Galling of the Cable.
Pumps
Lead
Some Ships have one fixed, whose Pipe goes down the Knee of the Head,
and is there placed for washing the Decks.
Hand
Hangs over the Side, and lashed there for washing the Decks, and
sometimes are put down into the Well, for freeing the Ship when she
makes more Water than the Chain Pumps can throw out.
Pump Bolt
Goes through the Head, and the Brakeworks on it.
Pump Hand
Boxes Lower
Are small and short, having a Flap, and a large Staple drove into it,
to draw it up on Occasion.
Ditto Upper
Are fixed to the Spear.
Brake
Is the Handle.
Hook
A long Rod of Iron with a Hook at the End, to draw up or put down the
lower Box.
Stave or Spear
Is a long Rod of Iron with an Eye at the upper End, which Hooks to the
Brake, and to the lower End of which the upper Box is fixed.
Pumps Chain
Are placed in the Well, and works with Chains.
Ditto Axletrees
Are fixed in the Center of the Wheels, which are turned round with
Winches put on at each End.
Pumps Chain
Bolsters
A round Piece of Iron with a Hole in the Middle, and are for opening
an Ess or Hook when any want shifting.
Burrs
Are round thin Pieces of Iron, very little less than the Bore of the
Pump, which are placed between every Length of the Chain, and on each
of them the Leather is put for bringing up the Water.
Chains
No Ship goes to Sea without a Spare one, which is kept ready leathered
in case those in the Pumps should be wore out.
Dale
Is a round hollow Trunk, which conveys the Water through the Ship's
Sides.
Esses
Are for repairing the Chains in Case any break or give way.
Fidds
Are for opening an Ess or Hook when old ones are to be taken out, or
new put into the Chain.
Hooks
For repairing the Chains when any are wanting.
Rowles
Are put into the lower End of the Pump for the Chain to work on.
Sprockets
Are made not unlike a large Horse Shoe, drove into the Wheel, and the
Chain works on them.
Swivels
Are for repairing the Chains when wanting.
Wedges
Are drove in on all sides of the Axle-tree, to keep the Wheels fast on
it.
Wheels
Are turned out of Elm, in which the Sprockets are drove, and when so
fitted, the Chains work round them.
Winches
Are the Handles put on each End of the Axle-tree, by which the Men
work the Pump.
Purchase
The same as draw, but when they cannot haul any Thing with the Tackle,
they say, The Tackle will not Purchase.
Purser
Is the Officer charged with all Sorts of Provisions allowed the Ship.
Puttock Shrouds
Are short Shrouds which go from the Fore, Main, and Mizon Shrouds to
the Top, where the Plates are fixed with dead Eyes in them, through
which the Lanyards are reeved for setting up the Top-mast Shrouds.
Puttock Staves
Go a-cross the lower Shrouds, and the Ends of the Puttock Shrouds are
hitched round them.
Quarter
Is the After-part of the Ship without-board Aloft.
Quartering
Is when a Ship sails upon a Quarter Wind.
Quarter Pieces
Are two Pieces of carved Work reconciled to each End of the Tafferel,
and when regularly suited to the same with a just Disposition of
Figures, compleats the beautiful Symetry of the whole Stern and
Gallery.
Quarter Tackle Pendants
Fastened on the Quarters of the Yard, and are used for taking in or
hoisting Provisions, _&c._ out of the Hold, or upon Deck.
Rabbet
Is letting in a Ship's Plank to her Keel, which in the Run of her are
hollowed away, and is called the Rabbet of her Keel.
Racks
Stand in the Cook-Room, at each End of the Grates, for the Spits to lye
on to roast Victuals.
Rafters
Are brought from _New England_ and _Dantzick_, and being Ash, Barge,
Pinnace and Wherry Oars, are made out of them.
Rails
Are generally composed of some regular Members of Architecture, they
lye over and under the Banisters and Lights of the Stern and Galleries;
are also ranged along the Side under several Denominations, as Sheer
Rail, Plansheer Rail, Drift Rail, _&c._ they are also the principal
Ornament in composing the Head of a Ship.
Rake
Is so much of a Ship's Hull as over-hangs the Stem and Stern; that Part
of it Afore is called her Rake Forward, and that Abaft at the Stern
Post, is called her Rake Aft.
Ranges
Are a Sort of Cleats, to which they belay or fasten the Spritsail,
Fore, Main or Mizon Sheats.
Ratlings
Are small Ropes which make the Steps to get up the Shrouds, therefore
are called Ratlings.
Reach
The Distance of two Points of Land which bear in a right Line to one
another.
Reckonings
In Navigation, the estimating of the Quantity of the Ship's Way, or of
the Run between one Place and another.
Reef
When there is a great Gale of Wind, they commonly Roll up Part of the
Sail at the Head, by which Means it becomes Shoaler, and so draws not
so much Wind; and this contracting or taking up the Sail they call
Reefing, which is done with the Reef Tackle Pendants, Tyes, and Falls.
Reeming Irons
Are used by the Caulkers for opening the Seams of the Planks of Ships
on the Stocks before caulked.
Reeve
Is to put a Rope through a Block; and, to pull a Rope out of a Block,
is called Unreeving.
Reflux
Of the Sea, the Ebbing of the Water, or its Return from the Shore.
Rends
In a Ship, are the same as the Seams between her Planks.
Rhombs
The Points of the Compass.
Ribbs
Are the Timbers when the Planks are off, so called, because are bending
like the Ribs of a Carcase; also those which belong to the Parrels are
called Parrel Ribs.
Ride
A Ship is said to Ride, when her Anchors hold fast, so that she drives
not away by the Force of Wind or Tide; and a Ship is said to Ride well
when in a Head Sea, so as that the Waves do not wash over her.
Ride
Betwixt Wind and Tide
When the Wind hath equal Force over her one Way, and the Tide another;
but if the Wind hath more Power over her than the Tide, she is said to
Ride Wind Rode.
A Cross
When she Rides with her Fore and Main-Yards hoisted up.
Hawse-full
When in Stress of Weather she falls so deep into the Sea with her
Head, that Water runs in at her Hawses.
A Peek
When one End of the Yards are peeked up, and the other hangs down;
this is also said of a Ship, when in weighing she is brought directly
over her Anchor.
Portoise
When her Yards are struck upon the Deck, or when are down a Portlast.
A Thwart
When her Side lies a-cross the Tide.
Riders
Are Timbers of a large Scantling fay'd within Side of the Foot Waaling;
the Floor Riders are wrought over the Keelson; and the lower Futtock
Riders Scarphs to the Floor Riders from the Keelson to the Orlop Beams.
Rigging
Are all the Ropes whatsoever belonging to a Ship's Masts, Yards, or any
Part about her; and she is well rigg'd when all her Ropes are of their
fit Length and Size, in Proportion to her Burden.
Right the Helm
A Sea Phrase used by him that Conds to the Men at the Helm or Steering
Wheel, ordering them to keep the Helm even in the Middle of the Ship.
Right Sailing
Is when a Voyage is performed on some one of the four Cardinal Points.
Rings
Hatch
Are drove into the Hatches to open or shut them.
Port
Are drove into the Ports, and to which the Ropes are fastened to open
or shut them.
Rings & Forelocks
Are put on the Ends of Bolts to prevent their starting out.
Riping Chissels
Are used by the Shipwrights in breaking up old Ships.
Riseing Timbers
Are large Pieces of Timber fay'd to the Keel, to the Stem Afore,
and from the Keel to the Stern Post Abaft; its Use is to fashion
out the lower Part of the Ship Afore and Abaft; and also to fasten
the half Timbers into it; it is bolted to the Keel, Stem, and Stern
Post respectively; there is also a thinner Piece of dead Wood in the
Midships, fay'd on the Keel for the Breach of the Floor Timbers to be
let into.
Road
A place of Anchorage at some Distance from the Shore, and sheltered
from Winds, where Vessels usually Moar to wait for a Wind or Tide
proper to carry them into Harbour, or set sail.
Rock Staff
With which the Smiths blow their Bellows.
Ropes
Of a Ship are, in general, all her Cordage; but those which have
particular Names given them are as follows:
Auning
Are for spreading the Aunings.
Bell
Made fast to the Crank for striking it.
Boat
By which the Boats at the Ship's Stern are towed.
Bolt
Are laid white, stoved in an Oven, and then tarr'd; are the Head and
Body Ropes sewed round the Sails.
Breast
Made fast to the Shrouds in the Chains, to support the Man that heaves
the Lead.
Bucket
To hawl up Water.
Canhook
Seized to each Hook, to hoist Butts, Hogsheads, and other Casks on
board.
Catt
For hoisting up the Anchors, in order to be stowed at the Bow.
Davit
Reeved through a Hole which is made at each End, for hauling the Davit
to either Side of the Fore Castle.
Entering
To take hold of, for going up the Ship's Side.
Luffhook
Is for bousing the Tack aboard, when it blows hard, and is a Sort of a
Preventer to the Tack.
Grapnel
Being bent to a Grapnel, either the Long-Boat, Pinnace or Yawl rides
by it.
Guess
Is for keeping the Long-Boat, Pinnace or Yawl from steeving, or going
too much in and out when towing.
Parrel
Is reeved through the Ribs and Trucks, which, with the Breast Ropes,
lashes the Parrel to the Masts.
Rother
Reeved through a Hole in the Boat's Rother.
Slip
For triseing up the Bites of the Cable to the Rails of the Head.
Stantion
Reeved through the Eyes of the Stantions.
Swabb
Serves as a Handle to them.
Top
Are those with which the Top-masts are set or struck; they are reeved
through an Iron-bound Block, which hooks under the Cap, and then
reeved through the Heel of the Top-mast, where a Brass Shiver is
placed athwart Ships; the other Part of them comes down to the Top
Tackle Falls, which has double Blocks Iron-bound, and hooks to Ring
Bolts upon the Deck.
Tiller
To keep the Tiller steady, that it may not fly from Side to Side.
Wast
For Boats to make fast to, along-side.
Wheel
Goes round the Spindle of the Steering Wheel, and from thence to the
Tiller, and are generally white Rope.
Ropebands
Are made out of old Rope, Junk, _&c._ reeved through the Head Holes of
the Sails, which make them fast to the Yards, and are vulgarly called
Robins.
Rope Yarn
Is the Yarn of any Rope untwisted, but commonly made out of Junk; its
Use is to make Sinnet, Mats, _&c._
Roves
Are small square Pieces of Iron, with a Hole punched in the Middle of
them, through which the Nail goes, where it is clenched, and fastens
the Boards of Pinnaces, Yawles, or Wherries to one another.
Rother
A Piece of Timber suitably formed, and hung with Irons called Pintles
and Braces to the Stern Post; its Use is to traverse and govern the
Ship under Sail.
Rother Irons
Are the Cheeks of Iron which is fastened to the Stern Post of Ships or
Boats, and into which the Pintles go.
Rother Tackles
Are for Succour in Case the Tiller should break, and the Pendants are
spliced to short Chains at the Back of the Rother, and the Falls come
in on each Quarter of the Ship.
Round House
When the Poop is made so long as to come near, or to the Mizon Mast,
there is (besides the Cabbins Abaft) an outer Apartment, which is
called the Round House.
Rowle
Is a round Piece of Wood wherein the Whipstaff goes, being made to turn
about, that it may carry over the Staff the easier from Side to Side.
Rowlucks
Are spaces left on the Gunwale, where two Thoals are let in at such a
Distance from each other, as to admit the Oar at the End of the Loom to
lie on, for rowing the Boat.
Rowse
The Cable or Hawser, that is, take it in or out.
Rozin
Is used for Paying the Ship's Sides, Boats, Blocks, _&c._
Rufftrees
Are slight Rails let into Iron Stantions, generally on the Quarter Deck
and Fore Castle, against which a Weather Sail is fixed for Shelter to
the Men; and likewise to keep and prevent them from tumbling over-board
at Sea.
Run
So much of the After-part of a Ship as is under Water, is called her
Run.
Rundlets
Are allowed the Boatswains to keep Oyl in.
Runner
Is a Rope reeved in a single Block seized to the End of a Pendant, and
has at the one End a Hook to hitch into any Thing, and at the other
End a long Tackle Block, into which is reeved the Fall of the Tackle
or Garnet, by which Means it Purchases more than a Tackle Fall can do
alone, and they, with the Halyards, hoist up the Topsail Yards, as the
Ties do the Top-gallant Yards.
Rungheads
The Floor Timber Heads.
Saddles
Are used by the Smiths to turn Thimbles hollow on.
Sail
Every Yard in a Ship hath its proper Sail, (except the Cross Jack)
and takes its Name from the Yard; and those which are not bent to
the Yards, are, the Flying Jibb, Fore, Fore-top, Main, Main-top,
Main-top-gallant, Mizon and Mizon Top-mast Stay Sails, Main and
Main-top Studding Sails.
Salvagees
Are made with three flat Strands breeded, or by a small Turn put into
several Rope Yarns cut into proper Lengths, and are used when a Shroud
or Back Stay wants setting up, which is done by taking a Turn with
the Salvagee round the Rope, to which they hook a Tackle Fall, and by
bousing thereon, brings down the Shrouds or Back Stays to their proper
Position.
Sand
Is used by the Bricklayers for making Mortar, and at the Kilns for
stoving Plank.
Saucers
Are round thick Pieces of Iron, on which the Spindle of the Capstons
work.
Saws
Hack
Are made of Scythes, and jag'd at the Edges, and are for cutting and
sawing off Bolts.
Mill'd
Are used by the Masons to saw Stones.
Two hand & Whip