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Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
A carat character is used to denote superscription. A
single character following the carat is superscripted
(example: D^o). Multiple superscripted characters are
enclosed by curly brackets (example: 15^{inch}).
A
Naval Expositor,
_Shewing and Explaining
The Words and Terms of Art belonging to
the Parts, Qualities and Proportions of Building,
Rigging, Furnishing, & Fitting a Ship for Sea_.
Also
_All Species that are received into the Magazines,
and on what Services they are Used and Issued._
Together with
_The Titles of all the Inferior Officers belonging to a Ship,
with an Abridgment of their respective Duties._
_By Thomas Riley Blanckley._
_LONDON Printed by E. Owen, in Warwick Lane, and
Engraved by Paul Fourdrinier at Charing Cross._
MDCCL.
_To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for Executing the
Office of Lord High Admiral of_ Great Britain _and_ Ireland, _and of
all His Majesty's Plantations_, &c.
As the following Sheets have been published by your Lordships
Approbation, they are, with the greatest Submission and Gratitude,
dedicated to your Lordships,
_By,
My Lords,
Your Lordships
Most Obedient,
Most Dutiful,
and
Most Humble Servant_,
Thomas Riley Blanckley.
A LIST OF THE SUBSCRIBERS.
A.
Right Honourable the Lords of the _Admiralty_ (as a Board.)
Joseph Allin, _Esq_; _Surveyor of His Majesty's Navy_.
Governors and Company of the _Royal Exchange Assurance Office_.
Capt. Mariot Arbuthnot.
Capt. Thomas Andrewes.
George Atkins, _Esq_;
William Allix, _Esq_;
Charles Alexander, _Esq_;
Michael Atkins, _Esq_;
Roger Altham, _Esq_;
William Allix, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Six-penny Office_.
Mr Gabriel Acworth.
Mr John Andrews.
Mr Elias Arnaud.
Mr Thomas Adney.
Mr Charles Allen.
Mr Samuel Allin.
Mr Williams Arthur.
Mr D. H. S. Augier.
Mr George Allen.
Lieutenant John Angier.
Mr William Atwick.
Mr James Atkins.
Mr Edward Allin.
B.
His Grace the Duke of Bedford, _Principal Secretary of State_.
Right Honourable Lord Viscount Barrington, _Lord of the Admiralty_,
6 Books.
Charles Brown, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Navy at Chatham_.
Capt. Wm. Bladwell, 2 Books.
Capt. Patrick Baird.
Capt. Henry Barnfley.
Capt. Mathew Buckle.
Sir William Baird, _Bart_.
George Bellas, _Esq_; 14 Books.
James Bankes, _Esq_;
Edward Busby, _Esq_;
Robert Bennett, _Esq_;
Charles Burley, _Esq_;
Mr Edward Bentham.
Mr Richard Bowers.
Mr John Barker.
Mr James Bucknall.
Mr William Bruce.
Mr Jonas Botting.
Mr Bryan Bentham.
Mr John Baynard.
Mr William Bately.
Mr John Bately.
Mr John Bannick.
Mr Jonas Benjamin.
Mr Thomas Barnfield.
Mr Owen Bird.
Mr Richard Burry.
Mr Daniel Baverstock.
Lieut. Thomas Burnett.
Mr Pentecost Barker.
Mr Nathaniel Bishop.
Mr Robert Bogg.
Mr Charles Bowes.
Mr Thomas Brewer.
Mr Francis Benson.
Mr John Bromfall.
Mr Richard Brett.
C.
Right Honourable Lord Viscount Cobham.
Right. Hon. Lord Colville.
Thomas Corbett, _Esq_; _Secretary of the Admiralty_, 2 Books.
John Clevland, _Esq_; _Secretary of the Admiralty_, 2 Books.
Capt. John Cokburne.
Capt. Alexander Campbell.
Lieut. Col. Mordaunt Cracherode.
Richard Owen Cambridge, _Esq_; 2 Books.
Robert Chapman, _L. L. D._
Claude Crespigny, _Esq_;
Philip Crespigny, _Esq_;
John Spencer Colepeper, _Esq_;
John Carter, _Esq_;
Edmund Clark, _Esq_;
Thomas Colby, _Esq_;
John Crookshanks, _Esq_;
Lieut. Christopher Coles.
Lieut. John Clark.
Mr Francis Colepeper.
Mr John Cogswell.
Mr Ulick Cormick.
Mr Edward Collingwood.
Mr William Cookson.
Mr George Crisp.
Mr Thomas Crabtree.
Mr John Cæfar.
Mr Richard Cheslyn.
Mr Robert Calland.
Mr Joseph Champion.
Mr Raphael Courteville.
D.
His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.
Rt. Hon. Ld. Viscount Duncannon, _Lord of the Admiralty_, 6 Books.
Capt. Digby Dent.
Capt. James Douglass.
Capt. Cotton Dent.
Capt. Thomas Dove.
Andrew Coltee Ducarell, _L. L. D._
Jacob Dias, _Esq_;
Arthur Dobbins, _Esq_;
Lieut. John Dunkley.
Mr Windham Deverell.
Mr Elias Dunsterville.
Mr Thomas Dobbins.
Mr Henry Daniel.
E.
Hon. Capt. Geo. Edgcumbe.
Capt. John Evans.
Capt. Michael Everitt.
Mr John Elliott.
Mr John Holland Ecles.
Mr John Etherington.
F.
Hon. John Forbes, _Esq_; _Rear Admiral of the White Squadron of His
Majesty's Fleet_.
Thomas Fox, _Esq_; _Rear Admiral_.
Capt. Thomas Frankland.
Capt. John Fawler.
Capt. William Fortescue.
Capt. Thomas Foley.
Josias Farrer, _Esq_;
Lieut. Robert Frankland.
Mr Thomas Fellowes.
Mr Joseph Fletcher.
Mr James Forrester.
Mr Henry Farrant.
G.
Right Hon. Lord Viscount Gallway.
Hon. George Grenville, _Esq_; _Lord of the Treasury_.
Tho. Graves, _Esq_; _Rear Admiral_.
John Gascoigne, _Esq_; _Rear Admiral_.
Capt. Francis Geary.
Capt. William Gordon.
Capt. James Gambier.
Capt. Robert Grant.
Capt. Samuel Graves.
Samuel Grubb, _Esq_;
Lieut. Thomas Graves.
Mr John Greenway, 2 Books.
Mr William Gray.
Mr Philip Gilbert.
Mr John Grover.
Mr Thomas Grant.
Mr John Golding.
Mr James Grove.
H.
Right Hon. the Earl of Hallifax, _First Lord of Trade and Plantations_.
Right Hon. Lord Hobart.
Mons. Hasselaer, _Burgomaster of Amsterdam, and President of the
Admiralties in Holland_.
Mons. Hop, _Envoy from the States of the United Provinces_.
Hon. Sir Edward Hawke, _Knight of the Bath, and Vice Admiral of the
Blue Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet_.
Sir William Hewett, _Bart._
Colonel —— Haldane.
George Hay, _L. L. D._
Capt. Joseph Hamar.
Capt. Charles Holmes.
Capt. Edmund Home.
Capt. John Hale.
Nathaniel Hills, _Esq_;
John Hooke, _Esq_;
Thomas Hill, _Esq_;
Frederick Hill, _Esq_;
George Hinde, _Esq_;
William Hotham, _Esq_;
John Houlton, _Esq_;
Lieut. James Hume.
Mr William Hawes.
Mr Richard Hay.
Mr William Hicks.
Mr Richard Hogg.
Mr William Hickes.
Mr Thomas Hickes.
Mr Thomas Haselden.
Mr Joseph Hughes.
Mr James Henshaw.
Mr Nicholas Hinton.
Mr Lancaster Hull.
I.
Capt. Thomas Innes.
Mr George Jackson.
Mr Francis Jones.
Mr Peter Jope.
K.
Charles Knowles, _Esq_; _Rear Admiral of the Red Squadron of
His Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. Charles Knowler.
Capt. Thomas Knowler.
Capt. Thomas Knackston.
Mr Richard Kee.
Mr John Kerly.
L.
Right Hon. the Earl of Leicester, _Post-Master General_.
Right Hon. Mr. Legge, _Treasurer of the Navy_.
George Lyttelton, _Esq_; _Lord of the Treasury_.
Colonel Lyttelton.
Capt. Julian Legge.
John Lock, _Esq_;
Edward Linzee, _Esq_;
Lieut. Louis Lasinby.
Mr John Lee.
Mr John Lyne.
Mr John Lucas.
Mr David Lucas, _jun._
Mr Joseph Lock.
Mr James Leake.
Mr John Lievre.
M.
Mathew Michell, _Esq_;
Capt. John Montagu.
Capt. Christopher Middleton.
Capt. Jarvis Maplesden.
Robert Michell, _Esq_;
M. Mendez, _Esq_;
Lewis Mendez, _jun._ _Esq_;
Roger Mainwaring, _jun._ _Esq_;
Butler Morn, _Esq_;
Lieut. John Moore.
Lieut. Thomas Morse.
Lieut. Henry Moyle.
Lieut. Hugh Mackay.
Mess. Mount and Page, 6 Books.
Mr John Millan, _Bookseller_, 4 Books.
Mr John Major.
Mr Henry Major.
Mr Charles Massey.
Mr Peter Martin.
Mr William Morland.
Mr Lewis Morris.
Mr Samuel More.
Mr William Mathews.
Mr Richard Maddocks.
Mr John Merrifield.
Mr Edward May.
Mr Thomas Miers.
Mr Samuel Milton.
Mr Richard Maidman.
Mr Milburn Marsh.
Mr George Marsh.
N.
Honourable the Principal Officers and Commissioners of His
Majesty's _Navy_, (as a Board.)
Capt. Abraham North.
John Nickleson, _Esq_;
Mr Henry Nelson.
Mr William Nobbs.
O.
Sir Chaloner Ogle, _Knight_, _Admiral of His Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. Lucius O Brien.
James Oswald, _Esq_;
Lieut. John Osborn.
Mr Edward Owen.
Mr John Ommanney, _sen._
Mr John Ommanney, _jun._
P.
Capt. Cha. Wager Purvis.
Capt. Edward Pratten.
Capt. Charles Powlett.
Capt. William Parry.
Henry Partridge, _Esq_;
Andrew Phillips, _Esq_;
William Player, _Esq_;
Mr James Page.
Mr Thomas Skrine Pritchard.
Mr Manesty Pell.
Mr William Davis Philips.
Mr Robert Parker.
Mr John Parlby.
Mr Robert Patterson.
Mr John Purling.
Mr John Price.
R.
Capt. Geo. Brydges Rodney.
Nathaniel Rich, _Esq_;
Edward Rushworth, _Esq_;
Richard Riggs, _Esq_;
William Rickman, _Esq_;
Mr John Rickman.
Mr Newland Rice.
Mr Joseph Rossington.
Mr John Rosewell.
Mr Boswell Russell.
Mr John Robinson, _of Portsmouth_.
Mr John Read.
Mr Jonas Rowley.
Mr John Robinson, _of Chatham_.
S.
James Steuart, _Esq_; _Admiral of the White Squadron, of His
Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. Edmund Strange.
Capt. Charles Saunders.
Capt. Thomas Sturton.
Capt. Edward Spragge.
Capt. Thomas Stanhope.
Capt. Abel Smith.
Capt. Molineux Shuldham.
Capt. Ambrose Seccombe.
Capt. Cornelius Smelt.
Society of Navy Surgeons, 5 Books.
Samuel Seddon, _Esq_;
Samuel Shepherd, _Esq_; 2 Books.
Richard Shubrick, _Esq_;
Thomas Stanyford, _Esq_;
Edmund Stephens, _Esq_;
William Scobie, _Esq_;
John Sargent, _Esq_;
Henry Stevens, _Esq_;
John Smith, _Esq_;
Lieut. Alexander Skene.
Lieut. Charles Stuteville.
Lieut. Alexander Schomberg.
Mr William Snelgrave.
Mr George Stanyford.
Mr John Stuart.
Mr Thomas Slade.
Mr Jeffery Sall.
Mr William Shephard.
Mr Ambrose Stapleton, 2 Books.
Mr Henry Streek.
Mr John Shepherd.
Mr Tyrringham Stephens.
Mr Henry Stuteville.
Mr Thomas Stone.
Mr Francis Smith.
Mr James Samson.
Mr Samuel Smith.
T.
Isaac Townsend, _Esq_; _Admiral of the Blue Squadron of His
Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. Edmund Toll.
Thomas Tickell, _Esq_;
William Tash, _Esq_;
Edward Timewell, _Esq_;
Bryan Taylor, _Esq_;
Lieut. Michael Taylor.
Mr Thomas Tomlinson.
Mr William Tattum.
Mr George Tollett.
Mr Charles Tollett.
Mr Thomas Tyndall.
Mr John Turner, _jun._
Mr Richard Trotten, _jun._
Mr Benjamin Tucker.
V.
Right Hon. Lord Vere, Baron of _Hanworth_.
Philip Vanbrugh, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Navy at Plymouth_.
Commissioners for Victualling His Majesty's _Navy_, (as a Board.)
Capt. John Vaughan.
Mr Thomas Vaughan.
W.
Hon. Sir Peter Warren, _Knight of the Bath, and Vice Admiral of
the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet_.
Capt. John Weller, _sen._
Capt. Temple West.
Capt. Rupert Waring.
Capt. John Wickham.
Capt. John Willyams.
Capt. Thomas Ward.
Capt. John Wynne.
William Wood, _Esq_; _Secretary of the Customs_.
Lieut. James Wilson.
Mr John Ward.
Mr John Walton.
Mr William Wilcox.
Mr Thomas Wyatt.
Mr Robert Woollett.
Mr John Wilkes.
Mr Daniel Whitewood.
Mr John Wright.
Y.
William Young, _Esq_; _Commissioner of the Six-penny Office_.
Mr James Young.
ERRATA.
Page 3, Line 7, _instead of_ Is a Platform, _read_, Are Platforms.—p.
4. l. 1. _instead of_ Is, _read_, Are made of.—p. 8. l. 13, _instead
of_ Is a long Bolt, _read_, Are long Bolts.—l. 14. _instead of_ goes
round, _read_, go round.—p. 38. l. 15. _instead of_ Is the Flag,
_read_, Are Flags.—p. 83. l. 1. _instead of_ Are made, _read_, Is
made.—p. 135. l. 12. _instead of_ steeving, _read_, staving—p. 148.
l. 9. _instead of_ stands, _read_, stand.—p. 181. l. 1. _instead of_
pretuberant, _read_, protuberant.
Names of each particular Part of a new Ship, as they are put together
(in a progressive Manner) for Frameing and Finishing the Structure
Building on the Stocks.
Page
Keel — — — 85
Stem — — — 160
Sternpost } Framed { 161
Transoms } and raised{ 174
Fashion Pieces} together { 54
Dead Rising — — — 49
Floor — — — 57
Timbers — — — 171
Keelson — — — 85
Futtocks — — — 61
Hawse Pieces — — — 72
Top Timbers — — — 172
Waals — — — 181
Harpings — — — 71
Plank — — — 120
Clamps — — — 35
Sleepers — — — 153
Foot Waaling — — — 57
Beams — — — 6
Knees — — — 87
Bitts — — —} 10
Cross Pieces}
Carlings — — — 29
Ledges — — — 93
Waterways — — — 183
Spirketing — — — 156
Upper Deck — — — 50
String — — — 165
Quarter Deck — — — 50
Forecastle — — — 58
Partners Mast — —} 116
Capston —}
Comeings — — — 40
Breast Hooks — — — 22
Fore Step — — — 160
Riders — — — 132
Pointers — — — 121
Crotches — — — 47
Steps Main — — —}
Mizon }160
Maain Capston }
Decks Lower the } 50
Flat or Plank }
Orlop — — — 113
Capstons — — — 28
Pillars — — — 118
Channels — — — 32
Navel Hoods — — — 110
Knee } of the Head{ 86
Cheeks } { 33
Lyon — — — 102
Trailboard — — — 173
Gallery — — — 62
Taffarel — — — 168
Quarter Pieces — — 127
Brackets — — — 21
Well — — — 185
Pumps — — — 124
Limber Boards — — 97
Garboard Strake, or } 63
Plank }
Blkheads — — — 23
Ports — — — 122
Cathead — — — 30
Chestrees — — — 34
Hatchways — — — 72
Scuttles — — — 143
Grateings — — — 66
Ladders — — — 88
Manger — — — 103
Pallating Magazine }
and }114
Bread-room }
Gunwales — — — 68
Rails — — — 128
Gangways — — — 63
Cleats — — — 35
Kevels — — — 86
Ranges — — — 129
Knight Heads — — — 87
Rother — — — 137
Tiller — — — 170
Scuppers — — — 143
Standards — — — 158
Rufftrees — — — 139
Poop Lanterns — — — 89
Cradle } For { 44
or }Launching {
Buildgeways } { 23
N. B. _All the foregoing Particulars, upon any Emergency, may, by a
sufficient Number of Men, be taken in Hand very nearly together._
A
_Naval Expositor_.
A-Baft
Are those Parts which are towards the Stern of a Ship.
Amain
A Sea Term, to strike a Main, is to lower at once.
Anchors
The Parts of an Anchor are, _First_, The Ring unto which the Cable is
bent or fastened.
_Secondly_, The Shank, which is the longest Part of the Anchor; and at
the End where the Ring goes through, is called the Eye, and wrought
Square with two Nutts on it, which are let into the Stock.
_Thirdly_, The Arm is from the Crown to the Flook.
_Fourthly_, The Flook, by some called the Palm, being that broad Part
brought on upon the Arm, like an Arrow Head, the sharpest Part of
which is called the Bill, and fastens into the Ground.
The Anchors on board a Man of War are the Sheat, Spare, Best and Small
Bower, which by the Establishment, are all of one Weight, the Stream
one Fourth, the Kedge one Eighth, of the large ones; and the First and
Second Rates are allowed a small warping one, one Half the Weight of
the Kedge.
When the Cable is Perpendicular between the Hawse and the Anchor, it
is then said to be a Peek; when hangs right up and down by the Ship's
Side, it is said to be a Cock Bill, upon the Ship's coming to an
Anchor; when a Ship drives by the Violence of Wind or Tide, and the
Anchor cannot hold her, then it's said to come Home. Those which have
lost one of their Flooks, are made use of for Moarings.
Anchor Stock
A Piece of Wood fastened together with Iron Hoops and Treenails upon
the Square near the Ring, serving to guide the Flook, so as it may fall
right and fix in the Ground.
Ditto Tackle
Are for Loosing too the Stock, so as to be clear of the Bends.
Anchoring
Is Ground fitting to hold a Ship's Anchor, so as she may safely ride it
out in a Storm; stiff Clay, and hard Sand, is esteemed the best to be
chose for that Purpose.
Anvils
Are used by the Smiths for working all Sorts of Iron-work on.
Aprons
Is a Plat-form raised a little above the Bottom of a Dock at its
Entrance, against which the Gates shut.
Arm'd
A Ship is said to be arm'd when fitted in all Respects for War.
Avast
Signifies to stop, hold, or stay.
Auger Bitts
Made of several Sizes, and when shut to a Shank, are for boreing Holes
through the Plank and Timbers, that the Treenails may go through them,
for fastening both together.
Aunings
Is old Canvas spread by Ropes over the Upper Deck, Quarter Deck, or
Poop; and some Ships have them fitted with thin slit Deal, over the
Steering Wheel on the Quarter Deck; and all are to keep off the Sun,
Rain or Wind.
Axes
Are used for cutting up Junk, or cleaving Wood.
Backstays
Are sort of Shrouds, which go up to the Topmasthead, hath Lanyards
reev'd through dead Eyes, and Backstay Plates at the Ship's Side, are
called standing or shifting, and are for succouring the Topmasts.
Bail or Bale
Casting or throwing the Water out of a Boat, which when done she is
freed.
Ballast
Is in great Ships generally Beach Stones, and in small Iron, laid in
the Hold next the Keelson, in order to keep the Ship stiff, so that she
may bear the more Sail.
Barrels Press
Are emptied Tar Barrels filled with Clay, to be put on the Drags and
Sledges when closeing Cables in the Rope Yard.
Barrecoes
Small Casks of Twenty one Inches long, bound with four Iron Hoops, were
formerly allowed to Ships bound on Foreign Voyages for fetching Water.
Bars
Capston
Goes into the Drum-head, at which the Men heave when weighing an
Anchor, or purchasing a great Weight.
Port
Each End goes through a Ring Bolt, and with Wedges, barrs in the Ports.
Baskets
Are made use of for carrying Officers Stores in, and several other Uses.
Bason
Is for Ships to lye in to be repaired, before or after taken out of the
Dock.
Baulks
Small rough Firr Timber, used for Shoreing Ships when in the Dock, and
other such like uses.
Beak Head
The foremost End of the Forecastle, fronting the Head, and limitting
the Length of it, and is a becoming Part or Grace of a Ship.
Beak Irons
Are for turning square, round, and all Sorts of Hoops; and also used by
Plumbers, as Anvils are by the Smiths.
Beams
Large Pieces of Timber cross the Ship, the Ends of which are lodged on
the Clamps to support the Decks, and also keeps her out to her Breadth,
and likewise to bear the Weight of her Ordnance.
Beeswax
Is used by the Sail-makers for waxing the Twine before they sew the
Seams of Canvas for making Sails.
Beetles Reeming
Used by the Caulkers for driving in their Irons into a Ship's Bottom,
in order for Caulking.
Bear
A Ship bears her Ordnance when she carries her Guns well, when having
her Sails abroad in a Gale of Wind she don't heel. When sails towards
the Shore, she is said to bear in with the Land. When a Ship that was
to Windward comes under another's Stern, and gives her the Wind, she
is said to bear under her Lee. If sails into an Harbour with the Wind
large or before the Wind, she is then said to bear in with the Harbour.
When a Ship keeps off from any Land, she is said to bear off from it.
When they would express how any Cape or Place lieth from another, they
say it bears off so, or so,—In Conding also, they say, bear up to the
Helm, (_i. e._) let her go more large before the Wind, and bear up
round, that is, let her go between her two Sheets, directly before the
Wind.
Bells
Cabbin
Allowed all Ships, for the Use of Admirals, and Commanders, to call
their Servants.
Watch
For striking the Hour at each Box in the Yard at Night, and also are
allowed all Ships for that Service both in the Day and Night.
Belay
Signifies the same as fasten.
Bench Stakes
Are used by the Smiths for cold Work on a Vice Bench.
Bend
In a Ship, there are several, as the Midship-bend, and others called
frame Bends, which shews the Shape of her at the respective Places
where they are placed. They say Bend the Cable, when it is seized and
made fast to the Ring of the Anchor. To Unbend the Cable is to loosen
it from the Ring of the Anchor, in order to be returned into Store, or
cut up for inferior Uses.
Bilbows
Is a long Bolt on which are put generally six or seven Shackles,
which goes round a Man's Leg when he has committed any Fault, and for
securing him in Case his Offence is so great as to deserve further
Punishment.
Bildge
The flatest Part of a Ship's Bottom, and when she strikes on a Rock,
they say she is Bildged.
Birth
Is a due and proper Distance observed between Ships lying at an Anchor
or under Sail; so also the raising or bringing up the Sides of a Ship
is called Birthing up; also the proper Place aboard for a Mess to put
their Chests, _&c._ is called the Birth of that Mess; also a convenient
Place to Moar a Ship is called the Birth.
Bittacle
Is a Sort of Locker framed with Deal to hold the Compass, a Glass and
Candle, and stands on the Quarter Deck just before the Steering Wheel,
by which, he that Steers the Ship is enabled to keep her in her right
Course.
Bite
Is any Turn or Part of a Rope that lies compassing; and therefore when
they cannot take the End of a Rope in Hand, they say, Give me the Bite,
or hold by the Bite.
Bitter
Any turn of a Cable about the Bitts, is called a Bitter, so as that the
Cable may be let out by little and little. And when a Ship is stopped
by a Cable, they say, She is brought up by a Bitter. Also that End of
the Cable which is wound or belayed about the Bitts, is called the
Bitter-end of the Cable.
Bitts
Are two perpendicular Pieces of Timber in the Fore-part of the Ship,
bolted to the Gun-Deck and Orlop Beams, their lower Ends stepping in
the Footwaaling, the Heads of which are braced with a Cross-piece, and
when several turns of the Cable are taken over them, is for securing
the Ship at an Anchor; there are generally two Pair of them; besides
there are others upon the Upper Deck, which are fixed by the Main and
Foremast, and called the Topsail Sheat and Jeer Bitts.
Blacking
Is in small Barrels, and used by the Boatswains for making the Yards
Black.
Blocks
Are fitted with Shivers and Pins for Running Rigging to go through,
and of the different Natures following.
Blocks Double
Has two Shives, and are used for Jeers, Topsail-Runners, Main
Bowlines, Mizon Sheats, and Winding Tackle Falls.
Double Ironbound
The Toptackle Falls for all Ships are reeved through them, the upper
ones hook into a Thimble at the End of the Toprope Pendant; and the
lower ones has a Swivel in the Iron binding, and hooks either to an
Eye or Ring-bolt upon Deck; and so are those for the Catt Falls for
Ships from 70 Guns downwards, but with a large Hook, which takes the
Shank of the Anchor.
Longtackle
Has one large and one small Shive, one above another, and are used for
all single Tackles.
Single
Has only one Shive.
Clewgarnet & Clewline
Are made with a Shoulder, and Holes bored through the same, for the
Strap to go through, in order for Lashing the former about the Yards.
Racks
Are lashed to each Side of the Gammoning in the Head, and has
several Shives one above another, through which the Spritsail-lifts,
Buntlines, Clewlines, and Sprit Topsail Sheats go.
Sheat
Spritsail
Are turn'd, and has Holes for the Pendants (which serve as a Strap)
to go through.
Topsail
Are made with Shoulders, and lashed to the Low Yard Arms, in order
to hall Home the Topsail Sheats.
Snatch
Has a Hole bored at the Tapering-end, and a Notch cut in the upper
Part, for a Bite of a Rope to be put in.
Top
Are bound with Iron, and a Hook turned from the same to hang in the
Eye-bolt of the Cap; has a Brass Shive and an Iron Pin, through which
Block, the Pendant of the Toprope goes for getting up the Topmasts.
Voyal
The Shive has a Brass Coak let into it, which works on an Iron Pin,
by reason of the great Strain-hove by the Voyal (brought round the
Capston) when purchasing the Anchor.
Warping
Made in the same manner as the Snatch are, but lighter, with a long
Iron Pin, which serves the Man that warps off the Yarn from the
Winches, for a Handle to hold by.
Treble
Has three Shives, are used for Fore and Main Jeers for Ships from 100
to 80 Guns; for the Foretop Bowlines of all Rates; Mizon Jeers from
100 to 60 Guns, and Winding Tackle Falls from 100 to 40 Guns.
D^o. Ironbound
With a large Hook for the Catropes, and allowed to Ships from 100 to
80 Guns.
Bluffheaded
A Ship is said to be so, when she is built with small, or too upright
Rake forward on.
Board
Elm
Is used for several Services about the Yard, on board Ships, and
repairing Boats, _&c._
Firr
For sheathing Ships Bottoms, flooring their Cabbins, and making
Moulds, _&c._
Board Wainscot
For building Barges, Pinnaces and Wherries; and other Uses relating to
the Joyners.
Boats
Barge
Rows with twelve Oars; are allowed to the Flag Officers, as Pinnaces
are to Captains.
Launces
Made use of by the Master's Attendant for transporting Ships,
are built of a great Breadth, and low to the Water for the more
conveniently coyling transporting Hawsers in.
Longboat
Is the largest Boat belonging to a Ship, and the strongest built,
being used for carrying Water, or Officers Stores to and from the Ship.
Pinnace
All Ships are allowed one, for the Use of the Commanders.
Wherry
Are allowed to some of the Yard Officers.
Yawl
Are the inferior and smallest Boats allowed Ships.
BoatTackle Pendants
Are fastened with an Eye pretty near the Ends of the Fore and
Main-Yards, with Longtackle Blocks, and through them pass the Falls
which are used for hoisting in the Boat upon the Booms, or out of the
Ship.
Boatswain
Is the Officer, who receives into his Charge all the standing and
running Rigging, Cables, Cordage, Anchors, Sails, Boats, and other
Stores by Indenture.
Bollards
Are large Posts set into the Ground, on each Side of a Dock, and to
them (on docking or undocking Ships) are lashed large double or treble
Blocks, through which are reeved the Transporting Hawsers to be brought
to the Capstons.
Bolsters
The Smiths lay them on their Anvils, when they stretch or open Holes
with Pins.
Bolts
Chain
Goes through an Eye of the Chain-plate to be drove into the Ship's
Side.
Clench
When drove, are to be clench'd at each End, to keep them from starting
or flying out.
Drawn
Are of a superior Length, to be cut, upon occasion, of different
Lengths, as wanted.
Drive
Are used to drive out other Bolts.
Eye
Are drove into Ships Decks or Sides, for Tackle Hooks to hook in, when
a great Purchase is depending.
Fender
Made with thick Heads, to be drove into Waals, to save the Ship's
Sides from Bruises.
Forelock
Has a small Eye at one End, in which the Forelock is driven, to
prevent starting out.
Hatch-barr
Are small ones, for fastening the Bars down on the Hatches in Time of
Fight.
Ragg
Are full of Jaggs or Barbs on each Side, to keep them from flying out
of the Timber into which they are drove.
Ring
Serve for bringing to the Ports, when the Bars are put through their
Rings, _&c._
Sett
Are for bringing Planks or other Works close to one another.
Wrain
Has a Ring at one End for a Staff to go through, and small Holes made
toward the other End for Forelocks, and are used on Frames of Ships
for bringing Planks, _&c._ to the Sides.
Bolt Staves
Square Bars of Iron, cut into different Lengths, just put into the
Fire, and their Edges rounded off, preparative to their being forged
into Bolts of any Diameter or Size, as may be wanted in Haste.
Bonnets
Are small Sails to be laced on upon the Main or Foresails, and Jibbs of
Sloops, Yachts or Hoys, when fair, or to be taken off in foul Weather.
Boom
When a Ship makes all the Sail she can, they say she comes Booming;
also those Poles with Bushes or Baskets on the Top, which are placed
near Lakes, to direct how to steer into a Channel, are called Booms.
Booms
Fire
Are made out of long Sparrs, and fitted with a Spud of Iron at the
End, and ferril'd; their Use is to prevent Fire-ships boarding, or
fending off any others that may fall on board them.
Flying Jib
Runs up the Bowsprit, from which the flying Jib sail is hoisted.
Studdingsail
Goes along the Yards, through Irons fixed on them, that when they sail
before the Wind, the studding Sail being set, causes the Ship to go
through the Sea with greater Swiftness.
Boom Irons
Are made with two Rings, the large one clips the Yard, and the Booms go
through the small one.
Boothose Tops
Are laid on about three Strakes of Plank below the Waters Edge with
Tallow, and are generally given Ships when ordered on a Cruize.
Bowles
Are allowed the Boatswain, for the Use of the Men to put their
Provision in.
Bowsprits
Of the Growth of _New-England_ or _Riga_, are always wrought into
sixteen Squares, before brought from thence, and are received into
Store by their Diameter in Inches.
When on board, they lie steeving on the Head of the Stern, having
the lower End fastened to the Partners of the Fore-mast, and a
Gammoning reeved several Times through the Knee of the Head, and
farther supported by the Fore-stay. It carries the Sprit-sail-yard,
(Sprit-top-mast in three Deck Ships) Jack Staff and flying Jib Boom.
Bowline
Is a Rope fastened in three or four Parts of the Leech of the Sail,
which is called the Bowline Bridle, but the Mizon Bowline is fastened
at the lower End of the Yard.—All Sails have it except the Spritsail
and Sprit-top-sail, and therefore those Sails cannot be used close by
a Wind; for the Use of the Bowline is to make the Sails stand sharp,
close, or by a Wind.
Bowline Knot
Is a Knot that will not slip, by which the Bowline Bridle is fastened
to the Cringles.
Bowse
Signifies as much as hawl or pull, thus, hawling upon the Tack is
called bowsing upon the Tack, and when they would have the Men pull
altogether, they say, Bouse away.
Braces
All the Yards in a Ship, except the Mizon, has two; there is a Pendant
made with an Eye, which goes round the Yard Arms, at whose other End
there is a Block, through which the Brace is reeved, and their use is
to square, traverse, or right the Yard, that is, to bring it so, that
it shall stand at Right Angles with the Length of the Ship. The Main
Brace comes to the Poop, the Main-top-sail Brace to the Mizon Top, and
thence to the Main Shrouds; the Fore and Fore-top-sail Braces come
down by the Main and Main-top-mast Stays, and so all the rest: But the
Mizon Bowline serves for a Brace to that Yard, and the Cross Jack
Braces are brought forward to the Main Shrouds, and the Mizon-top-sail
Braces go through Blocks at the Mizon Peek.
Brackets
Are Pieces fayd on the Outside of the Timbers in the Head, and between
the Stern and Gallery Lights, and were formerly carved.
Brails
Small Ropes reeved through Blocks, which are seized on either Side of
the Mizon Course, a little Distance off upon the Yards, so that they
come down those Sails, and are fastened at the Skirt of them to the
Cringles. Their use is for furling the Mizon, to hawl up its Bunt, that
it may the more readily be taken up or let fall. These Brails belong to
Yachts, and Hoys Main-sails.
Brasses for Wheels
Are let into the Heads of Laying or Spinning Wheels at the Rope Yard,
for the Whirls to work on.
Breast Hooks
Are crooked Pieces of Timber lying transverse to the Stem, which being
bolted on both Sides, and also through the Stem, they thereby brace
both Bows together.
Breeming
Is burning off the Weeds, Filth, _&c._ (which a Ship contracts under
Water,) with Furze, Faggots or Reed, before her Bottom is caulked and
graved, and this is done when in the Dock, on the Carreen, or on the
Ground ashore.
Brimstone
Being mixed with Oyl, is used by the Master Caulker for paying Ships
Bottoms.
Brooms
For cleaning the Ships, Store-houses, or Yards, _&c._
Brushes
Blacking
Used by the Boatswain for blacking the Ship's Yards, _&c._
Large
For cleaning Admirals, Captains and Lieutenants Cabbins on board a
Ship.
Brushes Tarr
For paying Rigging, Masts, or Blocks, _&c._
Buckets
Used for drawing Water to clean the Decks, _&c._
Bucklers
Are to prevent the Water washing in at the Hawse-holes.
Buildgeways
A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside of a Ship under her Buildge, for
the more securely and commodiously launching her.
Bulk of a Ship
Is her whole Content in the Hold for Stowage.
Bulkhead
Is a Partition that goes athwart the Ship, as at the great Cabbin,
Steerage and Forecastle, _&c._
Bunt
Is the middle Part of the Sail, when formed into a Kind of Bag or
Cavity, that the Sail may receive the more Wind, and is chiefly used in
Top-sails.
Buntlines
Are small Ropes, made fast to the Bottom of the Sails, in the middle
Part of the Boltrope to a Cringle, and so are reeved through a small
Block, seized to the Yard; their Use is to trice up the Bunt of the
Sail, for the better furling of it up.
Buoys
Cann
Are hooped with Iron, and made very strong, in Shape of a Cann; their
Use is to lie on Shoals or Sands for Marks.
Nunn
Are made tapering at each End, and filled with Rhine Hoops and some
Iron, which being strapped with Ropes, are fastened to the Buoy-rope,
so as to float directly over the Anchor.
Wood
Are made out of old Masts, _&c._ and hath a large Hole made at one
End, through which the Buoy-rope is reeved, and serves for the
aforesaid Uses: From hence the Word Buoyant, signifies any Thing that
is floatable.
Burden or Burthen
Of a Ship, is her Content, or the Number of Tuns she will carry, to
compute which, (according to the Rule of Shipwrights Hall) is to
multiply the Length of the Keel, by her Breadth and half Breadth, and
divide by 94, gives the Number of Tuns.
Burton
Is a small Tackle, to be fastened any where at Pleasure, fitted with
two single Blocks, and its Use is to hoist small Things.
Ditto Pendants
Short Ropes, which at one End is fastened either to the Head of the
Mast, End of the Yards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rudder; and
at the other End hath a Thimble spliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall
through.
Butt
Is the End of any Plank which joins to another on the Outside of a Ship
under Water; and therefore when a Plank is loose at one End, they call
it springing a Butt, to prevent which, they are usually bolted at the
Ends.
Buttock
That Part of the Ship's Stern under the Wing Transom, whether round or
square.
Bow
Is the Round of a Ship's Side forward, reckoned from the After-bitts
(on the Gundeck) to the Stem; if she hath a broad Bow, they call it a
Bold-bow; if a narrow thin Bow, its called a Lean-bow.
Cables
Allowed a Ship for Channel Service, are distributed in this Manner,
two being spliced together are called the Sheat-shot; three, the
Best-bower; one the Small-bower, and one Spare; but if they go a
Foreign Voyage, then they are allowed another, which is either bent
to the Spare or Small-bower, and are all of one Size; and all Ships
are likewise allowed a Stream, which being bent to their respective
Anchors, holds the Ship fast when she rides. To serve round, or Plat
the Cable, is bind about it old Rope, Canvas, _&c._ to keep it from
gawling in the Hawse, _&c._ Splice the Cable, is to make two fast
together, by working the several Strands one into the other. Coyl the
Cable, is to roll it up round in a Ring, of which the several Rolls one
upon another are called the Cable Tire. Pay or Veer more Cable, is let
more out from the Ship. When two or three Cables are spliced together,
it is called a Shot.
Callipers
Are for taking the Diameter of Timber, Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits,
before received into Store.
Caulking
Is driving in Ocham, spun Hair, or Hemp, into the Seams of the Planks,
to prevent the Ship's Leaking.
Cambring
A Deck lies Cambring, when it lies not level, but higher in the Middle
than at either End: Also if the Keel is bent in the Middle upwards,
they say, She is Camberkeeled.
Candles
Are used in the several Offices, by the Artificers to work at Night, in
Ships Holds, for taking out their Ballast, and are allowed Quarterly to
the Officers of the Ships in Ordinary.
Canvas
Used for making Sails, Awnings, Tarpawlings, _&c._
Canvas Hoses
Are for starting Water into or out of Casks.
Cap
Is a square Piece of Timber put over the Head, or upper End of the
Mast, having a round Hole to receive the Mast; by them the Top-masts
and Top-gallant-masts are kept steady and firm in the Tressle-trees,
where their Feet stand, as those of the lower Masts do in their Steps.
Capstons
Are of two Kinds in a Ship, the Jeer and the Main. The Jeer Capston
is placed between the Main and Fore-mast, and its Use is chiefly to
heave upon the Jeer, or to heave upon the Voyal, when the Anchor is
weighing. The Main is placed Abaft the Main-mast, its Foot, or lower
End standing in a Step on the lower Deck, and its Head is between the
two upper Decks. Its several Parts are thus called, the main Substance
or Post is the Barrel or Spindle; the Brackets set upon the Body are
called Whelps; the thick Piece of Elm at the End of the Barrel, in
which the Barrs go, is called the Drum-head. The Pawl is a Piece of
Iron bolted at one End to the Beams, or upon Deck, close to the Body of
the Capston, to stop it from turning back, and this they call Pawl the
Capston; the Use of them are to weigh the Anchors, hoist up or strike
down Top-masts, heave any weighty Thing, or to strain any Rope that
requireth a main Force. The Terms are, Come up Capston, (_i. e._) slack
the Voyal which you heave by, in which Sense also they say, Launch or
Pawl, that is, stop it from going back.
Capston Pins & Chains
Goes into the Drum-head of the Capston, and through the Barrs to
prevent them flying out of the Holes.
Carreen
A Ship is said to be brought on a Carreen, when the most Part of her
Lading, _&c._ being taken out, she is laid along-side of the Hulk,
which being lower than her, is hawled down as low as Occasion requires,
in order to trim her Bottom, to caulk her Seams, or to mend any Thing
that is at fault under Water.
Carlings
Are square Pieces of Timber ranging from Beam to Beam Fore and Aft the
Ship, which being supported by Scores in their respective Beams, they
thereby contribute to strengthen the Deck.
Carpenter
Is the Officer charged with the Masts, Yards and Stores proper to his
Province.
Carvel Work
In Boats, the Boards are fayd to lye fair to one another, so as that
the Seams of Longboats and Pinnaces may be caulked without Difficulty.
Catharpings
Are small Ropes running in little Blocks from one Side of the Shrouds
to the other, near the Deck; their Use is to force the Shrouds taught,
for the Ease and Safety of the Masts when the Ship rowls; they are also
used at the upper Part of the Shrouds, but there, worn Rope, from three
and an half, to two and an half Inches is used, and do not run through
Blocks, but has several turns taken in them, and are made fast.
Cathead
Pieces of Timber projecting over the Ship's Bow from the Fore-Castle
at the After-end of the upper Rail of the Head, so far as to clear the
Flook of the Anchor from the Ship's Side, in order to lodge it on the
fore Channel, that it may the more freely be let go again to Anchor the
Ship in any Road or Harbour. At one End of which Shivers are let in, in
which is reeved a Fall which passes through a large Iron bound treble
or double Block; and at the End of a Pendant a large Hook is fixed,
and called the Fish Hook, and is to trice up the Anchor from the Hawse
to the Top of the Fore-Castle.
Chafe
A Rope Chafes when it galls or frets by rubbing against any Thing that
is rough or hard.
Chains
Buoy
Are used for rideing the Cann Buoys on the Shoals or Sandheads.
Pendant
Are large, one End of them being made fast to a Claw ashore, and the
other to the Moaring Cable; the Ships in Harbour Ride by them.
Shankpainter
Goes round the Shank of the Anchor to support it, when hove up at the
Bow.
Top
Are for slinging the Yards in Time of Fight.
Channels
Are Fore, Main and Mizon, which is Plank placed an Edge, against the
upper Edge of the Waal, and of a convenient Length for such a Number of
dead Eyes the Ship requires, and so broad as to keep the Shrouds from
touching the upper Rails.
Channel Waals
Are wrought thicker than the Plank, and goes Fore and Aft; are placed
in the Midship against the upper Deck, and shews the Sheer of the Ship;
besides, is a great Strengthening to her Sides, as well as Benefit of
shoreing her in a Dock.
Chambers for Pumps
Are Cast in Brass, which were used formerly, and put into the lower
Part of the Pump, to prevent the Chain, when working, from galling the
Pump.
Carts
Dung
Runs on two Wheels, is made close for carrying Earth, Ballast, _&c._
Rave
Runs on two Wheels, and is made open, not unlike a Waggon.
Scandaroon
Runs on two solid Truck Wheels, and is for carrying Timber.
Timber
Runs on four solid Truck Wheels, fitted with Iron Axle Trees and Brass
Coaks; and on them the Timber is put out of the Hoys, to be carried to
its respective Births about the Yard.
Charcoal
Used by the Plumber for melting Sodder, and by the Sail-maker for
stoving Boltropes.
Chase
Signifies Pursuit.
Cheeks of the Head
Are small Knees fayd on each Side of the Knee of the Head, bracing it
securely to both Bows.
Ditto for Masts
Are two pieces of Oak fayd to the Head of the Mast on each Side, to
make good the Want of Firr, and also makes them stronger than if they
were made out of the same Tree.
Chestrees
Are Pieces of Timber fayd perpendicularly up and down the Ship's Sides,
not quite so far forward as the Fore-castle; their Use is for the Main
Tack to be hawl'd through.
Chests
To hold
Arms
Small Arms.
Colour
The Boatswain's Colours, _&c._
Compass
The Compasses.
Nail
The Carpenter's Nails.
Powder
The Gunner's Powder.
Chimneys
Are made of Copper, and placed on the Fore-castle for carrying Smoak
clear out of the Cook-Room.
Chyrurgeon
Is to take Care of the sick, maimed or wounded Seamen on board.
Clamps
Strakes of Plank in great Ships, on the Gundeck, eight or nine Inches
thick, fayd to the Sides, to support the Ends of the Beams.
Ditto Hanging
May be fixed to any Place about the Ship's Sides for fastening Ropes
to, to hold Stages for the Men to work on, _&c._
Claws
For Moarings are framed of Wood, piled and Land tyed with a Piece of
thick Timber a-cross next the Water's Edge, in which is an Iron Shackle
let in, for the Pendant Chain to be fixed to.
Clay
Made use of by the Scavel Men and Labourers, for filling up Dams to
keep out Water, from running into the Docks, _&c._
Cleats
Are to belay small Rigging to; likewise all Yards have a Pair in
the Slings to stop; the Parrell and Jeer Blocks, and a Pair at each
Yard-Arm to stop the Straps of the Topsail Sheat Blocks from sliding
any further on.
Clencher Work
The Boards are laid landing one upon the Edge of the other, not unlike
Weather boarding, and worked so, on Deal Yawls.
Clew
Of the Sail, is the lower Corner which reaches down to the Earing,
where the Tacks and Sheats are fastened, so that when a Sail is cut,
goreing, or slopeing by Degrees, it is said to spread a great Clew.
Clew garnet
Is a Rope fastened to the Clew of the Sail, and from thence runs in a
Block, seized to the Middle of the Fore or Main Yard; its Use is to
hawl up the Clew of the Sail, close to the Middle of the Yard, in order
to its being furl'd.
Clewline
Is the same to the Top-sails, Top-gallant-sails and Sprit-sails, as the
Clew-garnet is to the Fore and Main Courses, and is of the very same
Use in a Gust of Wind; when a Topsail is to be taken in, they first
hawl home the Lee Clewline, and then the Sail is taken in the easier.
Clinch
Is that Part of a Cable which is bent to the Ring of the Anchor, seized
or made fast.
Coach
Is before the Bulk-head of the Round-house or Captain's Cabbin on the
Quarter Deck, when a Flag Ship, and made use of for dining in, as the
Steerage is.
Coaks
Are made of Brass, and let into the Shives of Voyal Blocks through
which the Iron Pin goes; and also into the Wheels of Timber Carts
wherein the Iron Axle-trees work.
Coats
Are Pieces of tarr'd Canvas which are put about the Masts at the
Partners, and are also used at the Rotherhead, and there called a
Helm-coat.
Cocks
Furnace
Are soddered on to the Furnaces to let their liquor out, _&c._
Stop
Are used at the Cistern the Men Pump the Water into, with which they
can stop any Branch or Pipe that goes to the Officers Lodgings, or the
Jetty Heads for watering Ships.
Water
Are used at the Officers Lodgings, _&c._
Bosses
Are square Pieces of Brass into which the Cocks are sodder'd.
Cockpit
Is a Plat-form on the Orlop Abaft, where the Steward Room, Purser and
Chirurgeon's Cabbins are built.
Cold Chissels
Are for cutting off any Bolt.
Collar
Of the Forestay is seized round the Bowsprit, the Main fastened about
the Beak-head, and the Mizon about the Main-mast, having dead Eyes
fixed in them, through which the Lanyards go, as well as those at the
End of the Stays.
Collers
Are used by the Smiths to work Anchors in.
Colours, Ensigns
Is the Flag hoisted at the Stern of a Ship, in the Canton of which the
Union is placed.
Colours
Flags
Are Colours which the Admirals of the Fleet are allowed. The Admiral
carries his at the Main-top-mast-head; the Vice-Admiral at the Fore,
and the Rear-Admiral his at the Mizon-top-mast-head; beside there is
allowed to each Flag a Proportion of Signal Colours.
Lord High Admiral
Is a red Flag, which has the Anchor and Cable in yellow Bewper, placed
in the Center of it.
Pendants
Are of different Lengths, cut pointing towards the End, and there
divided into two Parts, and are hoisted on a Spindle at the
Top-mast-head; and those for Yard Arms are called Distinction
Pendants, and used for Signals.
Jacks
Are hoisted on a Staff at the Bowsprit End, and made in the same
Manner (those for Men of War) as the Union Flags are; and those for
Naval Vessels have the Arms of the Office the Vessel belongs to,
placed in them.
Standard
Hoisted at the Main-top-mast-head when His Majesty is on board; when
the Admiral of the Fleet hoisteth it at the Mizon-top-mast-head it is
for all Flag Officers. When in the Mizon Shrouds the _English_ Flags
only; and when put abroad at the Mizon-top-mast-head and a Pendant at
the Mizon Peek, then the Flags and Land General Officers; when on the
Ensign Staff, the Vice or Rear Admirals of the Fleet, or those that
Command in the second or third Posts, are to come aboard.
Vanes
Are allowed Boatswains to put at the other Mastheads, where the
Pendant don't fly.
Comeings
Are Comeing Carlings, that go Fore and Aft on the middle and upper
Deck, as far as where the Grateings are; the Midship Edge has a Rabbit
for the Grateings to lodge in, and the Edge is as much above the Deck,
as the Deck is thick, to stop the Water. The Hatchways on the Gun Deck
has Comeings round them, but Comeing Carlings is only Plank sayd flat
on the Deck, so thick as to turn the Water.
Commanders
Are used by the Riggers or Seamen, with which they drive in the Fidds
for Spliceing Cables, _&c._
Compasses
Azimuth
Is an Instrument made in a large Brass Box, with Imbers and a broad
Limb, having Ninety Degrees diagonally divided, with an Index and
Thread to take the Sun's Amplitude or Azimuth, in order to find the
Difference between the Magnetical Meridian and the Sun's Meridian,
which shews the Variation of the Compass.
Brass Box
They stand in the Bittacle, that the Men at the Steering Wheel may see
to keep the Ship in her right Course.
Hanging
Flag Officers are generally furnished with them to hang up in their
great Cabbins.
Cond
Is to Guide or Conduct a Ship in her right Course; he that Conds gives
the Word of Direction to the Men at the Steering Wheel how to Steer.
Cook
Is a Warrant Officer that dresses the Ship's Companys Victuals.
Cookroom
Is variously seated, generally in the Fore-Castle, but in some great
Ships it is on the Middle Deck, and in lesser on a Plat-form under the
Deck.
Cordage
Is in general all the Ropes belonging to the Standing or Running
Rigging of a Ship, and is also distinguished by,
Cablelaid
Is made with nine Strands, (_i. e._) the first three Strands are laid
slack, and then three of them being closed together makes a Cable or
Cablet; the same for Tacks, but they are laid tapering.
Hawserlaid
Is made only with three Strands.
Stays
Are Cablelaid, but made with four Strands as Cables are with three,
with an Addition of an Heart which goes through the Center of them.
Counter
Is the arching Part of the Stern above the Wing Transom, and the lower
is from the Wing Transom to the Upper Deck, and the other is from the
Upper Deck to the lower Edge of the Ward-room or Great Cabbin, the
Projecture of which, is lower almost the Quadrant of a Circle.
Course
The Point of the Compass on which a Ship Steers.
Courses
In a Ship are her low Sails, and when she Sails under them only, they
say she goes under her Courses.
Coxswain
Is the Person who sits in the Box at the Boat's Stern, Steers her, hath
the Direction and Command of the Boat's Crew.
Coyle
When Cables or Ropes are placed in a round or oval Ring, one fake (or
turn) upon one another, so that they may the more easily be stowed out
of the Way, and also run out free and smooth without Kinks as they call
them, _i. e._ without twisting or doubling, then they are said to be
coyled up.
Crabb
An Engine of Wood with three Claws placed on the Ground like a Capston,
and is used at launching or heaving Ships into the Dock.
Cradle
A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside of a Ship under her Buildge, for
the more securely and commodiously Launching her.
Craft
Are small Vessels, such as Ketches, Hoys, Smacks, _&c._ they call all
such small Craft.
Cramps
Short Pieces of Iron, whose Ends being turned down, are let into
Stones, and melted Lead being run into the Holes, binds two Stones fast
together.
Cranes
Are placed on the Wharfs for hoisting up Anchors, Timber, and other
bulky Weights.
Cranes Chimney
For hanging a Kettle or Pot on in the Cook Room.
Cranes Gangway
Are hung in the Wast of the Ship, and when Deals are laid on them, make
a Gangway from the Quarter Deck to the Fore-Castle.
Crank
A Term for a Ship that cannot bear her Sails for fear of overseting, or
cannot be brought on Ground without Danger of injureing her Body.
Cranks
Bell
Made fast to the Stock, for ringing it.
Lantern
Supports the Lanterns, either at the Ship's Stern, or at the Round Top.
Creeper
Made like a Grapnel, but without Flooks, the Use of which is to recover
sunken Stores that may be lost over-board.