We have seen already (Lesson 1) that the words which end in "-as"
express the idea of "doing" (action) or of "being" (state), and that
they assert that this action or state is going on, or is a custom, at
the present time, as "Mi vidas", I see; "Sxi estas", She is; "Ili
suferas", They suffer, they are suffering.
To say that the action or state took place at some "past" time, "-is" is
used, as "Mi vidis", I saw; "Sxi estis", She was; "Ili suferis", They
suffered, they were suffering.
To say that the action or state will take place at some time to come, in
the future, "-os" is used, as, "Mi vidos", I shall see; "Sxi estos", She
will be; "Ili suferos", They will suffer, they will be suffering.
(Words which assert something, or which express the idea of doing or of
being, are called VERBS).
(The root only of the verbs will now be given in the Vocabulary without
the termination).