_genus dicendi (scribendi); oratio_[1]—style.
_genus dicendi grave_ or _grande, medium, tenue_[2] (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6.
21)—elevated, moderate, plain style.
_fusum orationis genus_—a running style.
_inconditum dicendi genus_ (Brut. 69. 242)—a rough, unpolished style.
_inflatum orationis genus_—a bombastic style.
_oratio altius exaggerata_—a bombastic style.
_elatio atque altitudo orationis_—the exalted strain of the speech.
_exsurgere altius_ or _incitatius ferri_—to take a higher tone
(especially of poets and orators).
_magnifice loqui, dicere_—(1) to speak vehemently, passionately; (2)
to speak pompously, boastfully.
_magniloquentia, granditas verborum_—pathos; passion.
_tragoediae_—tragic pathos.
_expedita et facile currens oratio_—an easy, fluent style.
_oratio aequabiliter fluens_—an easy, fluent style.
_flumen_[3] _orationis_ (De Or. 2. 15. 62)—flow of oratory.
_siccitas, sanitas orationis_—the plain style.
_verborum tenuitias, oratio subtilis_—the plain style.
_oratio exilis, ieiuna, arida, exsanguis_—the dry, lifeless style.
_ornatus orationis, verborum_—well-chosen language, grace of style.
_elegantia orationis_—tasteful description.
_oratio pura, pura et emendata_—pure, correct language.
_integritas, sinceritas orationis_ (not _puritas_)—purity of style.
_oratio inquinata_[4] (De Opt. Gen. Or. 3. 7)—incorrect language.
_orationes Catonis antiquitatem redolent_ (Brut. 21. 82)—Cato's
speeches sound archaic.
_ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent_—there is a flavour of
Atticism about his discourse.
_oratio soluta_ (not _prosa_) or simply _oratio_—prose.
_oratio numerose cadit_—his style has a well-balanced cadence.
_numeris orationem astringere, vincire_—to make a speech rhythmical.
_lumina, flores dicendi_ (De Or. 3. 25. 96)—flowers of rhetoric;
embellishments of style.
_sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire_—to explain one's sentiments.
_sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae_ (Brut. 97. 274)—profound
sentiments.
_ubertas_ (not _divitiae_) _et copia orationis_—a full and copious
style of speech.
_crebritas_ or _copia_ (opp. _inopia_) _sententiarum_ or simply
_copia_—richness of ideas.
_sententiis abundans_[5] or _creber_ (opp. _sententiis inanis_)—rich
in ideas.
_adumbrare aliquid_ (Or. 14. 43)—to roughly sketch a thing.
_exprimere aliquid verbis_ or _oratione_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 3, note
_adumbrare..._)—to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of
a thing.
_exponere aliquid_ or _de aliqua re_—to give an account of a thing
(either orally or in writing).
_sententiae inter se nexae_—the connection.
_perpetuitas verborum_—the connection.
_contextus orationis_ (not _nexus, conexus sententiarum_)—the
connection.
_ratio sententiarum_—the connection of thought.
_ratio, qua sententiae inter se excipiunt._—the connection of thought.
_vitam alicuius exponere_—to give an account of a man's life.
_vitam alicuius depingere_—to make a sketch of a man's life.
_de ingenio moribusque alicuius exponere_—to make a character-sketch
of a person.
_summo colore aliquid illustrare_—to depict a thing in lively colours.
_ante oculos ponere aliquid_—to bring a thing vividly before the eyes.
_oculis_ or _sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid_—to represent a
thing vividly.
_rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio_ (De Or. 3. 53. 202)—graphic
depiction.
_perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid_—to scrutinise, examine closely.
_sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur)_—to
represent a thing dramatically.
_aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud
aliquem disputans)_—to introduce a person (into a dialogue)
discoursing on...
_in uno conspectu ponere aliquid_—to give a general idea of a thing.
_sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid_—to give a general idea of a thing.
_in brevi conspectu ponere aliquid_—to make a short survey of a thing.
_uno conspectu videre aliquid_—to have a general idea of a thing.
_breviter tangere, attingere aliquid_—to touch briefly on a thing.
_strictim, leviter tangere, attingere, perstringere aliquid_—to make a
cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not _obiter_ or _in
transcursu_).
_quasi praeteriens, in transitu attingere aliquid_—to make a cursory
mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not _obiter_ or _in
transcursu_).
_res summas attingere_—to dwell only on the main points.
_summatim aliquid exponere_—to dwell only on the main points.
_multa verba facere_—to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully.
_multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re)_ (De Or. 2. 4. 17)—to go deeply
into a matter, discuss it fully.
_pluribus verbis, copiosius explicare, persequi_[6] _aliquid_—to give
a full, detailed account of a thing.
_fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re_—to speak
at great length on a subject, discuss very fully.
_breviter, paucis explicare aliquid_—to explain a matter briefly, in a
few words (not _paucis verbis_).
_rem paucis absolvere_ (Sall. Iug. 17. 2)—to explain a matter briefly,
in a few words (not _paucis verbis_).
_rebus ipsis par est oratio_—the circumstances are described in
language worthy of them.
_rebus verba respondent_—the circumstances are described in language
worthy of them.
_copiam quam potui persecutus sum_—I have exhausted all my material.
_verbis non omnia exsequi posse_—to be unable to say all one wants.
_in medium proferre aliquid_—to bring a subject forward into discussion.
_in medio ponere (proponere)_—to publish, make public.
_silentio praeterire_ (not _praetermittere_) _aliquid_—to pass over in
silence.
_significare aliquem_ or _aliquid_—to allude to a person or thing (not
_alludere_).
_significatione appellare aliquem_—to allude to a person or thing (not
_alludere_).
_describere aliquem_ (Cael. 20. 50)—to allude to a person or thing
(not _alludere_).
_leviter significare aliquid_—to hint vaguely at a thing.
_ordine narrare, quomodo res gesta sit_—to detail the whole history of
an affair.
_dicendo ornare aliquid_—to embellish a narrative.
_rhetorice, tragice ornare aliquid_ (Brut. 11. 43)—to add rhetorical,
dramatic embellishments to a subject.
_digressus, digressio, egressio_—a digression, episode.
_quod ornandi causa additum est_—a digression, episode.
_includere in orationem aliquid_—to interpolate, insert something.
_inserere orationi aliquid_—to interpolate, insert something.
_interponere aliquid_ (De Am. 1. 3)—to interpolate, insert something.
_dicendo augere, amplificare aliquid_ (opp. _dicendo extenuare
aliquid_)—to lend lustre to a subject by one's description.
_in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid_—to exaggerate a thing.
_in maius accipere aliquid_—to overestimate a thing.
_digredi (a proposito)_ (De Or. 2. 77. 311)—to digress, deviate.
_studio alicuius rei provectus sum_—my zeal for a thing has led me too
far.
_longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere_ (either absolute or _ab
aliqua re_)—to go a long way back (in narrative).
_oratio longius repetita_ (De Or. 3. 24. 91)—a rather recondite speech.
_accedere ad cotidiani sermonis genus_—to adopt the language of
everyday life.
_ad vulgarem sensum_ or _ad communem opinionem orationem accommodare_
(Off. 2. 10. 35)—to express oneself in popular language.
[1] Not _stilus_, which means the writing instrument, the stylus,
hence the expression _stilum vertere_ (Verr. 2. 3. 41), to erase what
has been written. Metaphorically it denotes—(1) the action of writing,
e.g. _stilus optimus est et praestantissimus dicendi effector et
magister_; (2) the manner of writing, mode of composition, e.g. _unus
enim sonus est totius orationis et idem stilus_.
[2] Speeches belong according to their subject-matter to _genus
deliberativum_ (συμβουλευτικόν), _genus iudicale_ (δικανικόν), or
_genus demonstrativum_ (ἐπιδεικτικόν), cf. Cic. de Inv. 1. 5. 7;
Arist. Rhet. bk. iii.
[3] On the other hand, _oratio fluit_ (De Or. 3. 49. 190) = the
language has no rhythm.
[4] Not _impura_, which means unchaste, obscene.
[5] Not _dives_ which Cicero uses only absolutely and almost always of
persons, cf. however _animus hominis dives_ (Parad. 6. 44), _divitior
mihi et affluentior videtur esse vera amicitia_ (De Am. 16. 58).
[6] _persequi_ is often used in the meaning to expound, treat of
either orally or in writing, e.g. _alicuius vitam, alicuius laudes
versibus, res Hannibalis_.