some hours by small force of Federals, which was finally defeated, 1864
(Civil W.).
=Monongahela=, river, branch of Ohio. 40N. 79W. Terrible defeat of
Braddock by French and their Indian allies, 1755, in which encounter
Washington took part as a boy. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac.')
=Monroe's Creek=, Virginia. Bp. James Monroe, President of U.S.
(1758-1831).
=Montana=, U.S. 47N. 110W. Organised as separate territory, 1864;
admitted to Union, 1889.
=Monte Caseros=, Uruguay. Overthrow of Rosas, 1851. (See Uruguay).
=Monterey=, Upper California. 36N. 121W. First town f. by Spaniards,
1770; destroyed by French buccaneers; capital of California till 1847,
when the country was annexed by U.S.
=Monterey=, Mexico. 25N. 100W. Taken by U.S. forces after three days'
assault, 1846.
=Monte Video=, Uruguay. 34S. 56W. Hill so named by Magelhaes when
off coast, 1520; town f., 1726; taken by English but shortly after
evacuated, 1807; revolt under Artigas against Spanish viceroy, 1811;
siege of by Artigas, 1811-14; Spanish fleet destroyed and surrender
of fortress to anti-Royalists, 1814; Portuguese take possession of,
1817; expelled, 1822; sanguinary war with Buenos Ayres (1843-52), when
Garibaldi and his Italian legion gave help to the Montevideans, and
during which the town was blockaded for several years; besieged by
Flores with his Brazilian and allied forces, 1864; Flores enters and
proclaims himself president, 1865; revolutionaries prepare to attack
and forced to retire, 1870; in hands of revolutionaries, 1875; mutiny
of garrison, 1899. (See Uruguay.)
=Montmorenci=, river, Quebec. 46N. 71W. Heights of assaulted by English
under Wolfe, 1759.
=Montreal= (on site of Indian village of Hochelaga). 45N. 73W.
Discovered by Cartier, 1535; Pontgravé and Champlain at, 1603; f. by
French settlers in 1642; massacre by Indians, 1689; taken in turns by
English and Americans, and again by England, 1760, 1775, 1776.
=Montserrat=, island, W. Indies. 16N. 62W. Discovered by Columbus,
1493; colonised by English, 1632; twice taken by French, and twice
restored to England, by Treaty of Breda, 1667, and by Treaty of
Versailles, 1783.
=Moore's Creek Bridge=, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Loyalist Scotch defeated,
1776 (W. of Ind.).
=Moron=, Argentine Republic. 34S. 58W. Rosas defeated, 1851.
=Morristown=, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. Washington's headquarters, 1777-8
and 1779-80 (W. of Ind.).
=Motupe=, Peru. 5S. 80W. Pizarro at, 1532.
=Mountain Meadow=, Utah. 40N. 35W. Massacre of immigrants by Mormons
and Indians, 1857.
=Mount Auburn=, near Boston, Mass. 42N. 71W. Graves of J. L. R.
Agassiz, the great naturalist (1807-73), of Longfellow, Lowell,
Prescott, Motley, Holmes, and many other eminent men.
=Mount Hamilton=, near San Francisco. Lick Observatory at.
=Mount Vernon=, Fairfax Co., Virginia. 38N. 77W. Home and grave of
Washington.
=Mumfordsville=, Kentucky. 38N. 85W. Taken by Confederates, 1862 (Civil
W.).
=Murfreesboro=, Tennessee. 35N. 86W. Fierce battle, Dec. 31-Jan. 2,
1862-3, in which success was at first to Confederates, who were finally
forced to retreat (also known as battle of Stone River) (Civil W.).
=Napo=, river, Peru. 2S. 74W. Gonzalo Pizarro and his famished
companions follow its course to where it joins the Amazon, during his
expedition, 1540-2.
=Nashville=, Tennessee., 36N. 86W. Surrendered to Federals, 1862;
Confederates defeated, 1864. (See Battle of Franklin.)
=Nassau= (formerly New Providence), Bahamas. 25N. 77W. Destroyed by
French and Spaniards, 1703; resettled, 1718; used as a harbour for
blockade runners, 1861-5 (Civil W.).
=Natchez=, Mississippi. 31N. 91W. F. by Bienville, 1716; garrison
murdered by Indians, 1729; taken by Capt. Willing of Philadelphia, 1778
(W. of Ind.). The town is named after the Indian tribe immortalised by
Chateaubriand.
=Nauvoo=, Illinois. 40N. 91W. F. by the Mormons, 1840, who some years
later were expelled.
=Nebraska=, U.S. 42N. 100W. Reached by the expedition sent by the
viceroy Mendoza from Mexico under Coronado, 1540; organised as a
territory, 1854; admitted to Union, 1867.
=Nevada=, U.S. 39N. 117W. Ceded to U.S. by Mexico, 1848; created a
territory, 1861; admitted to Union, 1864.
=Nevis=, island, Lesser Antilles. 17N. 62W. Discovered by Columbus, who
christened it Nieves; colonised by English, 1628; taken by French and
restored to English by Treaty of Versailles, 1783. Bp. Alex. Hamilton,
statesman (1757-1804).
=New Amsterdam= (see Manhattan). Name given to the Dutch settlement on
Manhattan Island by Governor Stuyvesant, 1647; surrendered to English,
1664. (See New York.)
=Newark=, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. F. by Puritans, 1666. Bp. Aaron Burr,
Vice-President of the U.S. (1756-1836).
=Newark=, Ohio. 40N. 82W. Fine remains of prehistoric mound builders.
=Newbern= (New Berne), Neuse R., N. Carolina. 35N. 77W. Confederates
defeated, 1862 (Civil W.).
=New Brunswick=, Canada. 47N. 67W. Discovered by Cartier, 1534;
colonised by French in 17th century; ceded to England by Treaty of
Utrecht, 1713; became part of Canada, 1867.
=Newburyport=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Bp. W. Lloyd Garrison, poet, orator, and
abolitionist (1805-79), and grave of George Whitefield.
=New England=, U.S. 44N. 71W. Norse settlement in, end 10th century
(see the Vinland of old saga 'Eric the Red'); Sir H. Gilbert off coast,
1583; Gosnold, 1602; later exploring expeditions under Pring, 1603.
George Weymouth, 1605; grant of to Plymouth Company, 1606; expedition
of John Smith, 1614, to whom the name is due; landing of Pilgrim
Fathers, 1620 (see New Plymouth); George Fox in, 1665; Indian war,
1674-6; war with New France, 1690; spiritual revival under Whitefield,
1740. (See Maine, Massachusetts.)
=Newfoundland=, N.A. 48N. 56W. Discovered by Norsemen end 10th century
(see the Helluland of old saga of 'Eric the Red'); coasted by Cabots,
1497, 1498-9; the Cortereals off, 1500, 1501; coast explored by
Cartier, 1534; Sir H. Gilbert took possession of in name of Elizabeth,
1583; he and his vessel, the 'Squirrel,' were lost off the same year;
colony settled by Lord Baltimore, 1623; Lord Falkland, 1633; Sir D.
Kirk, 1754; finally ceded to England by Treaty of Utrecht, 1713.
=New Granada=, S.A. 4S. 69W. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499; colony settled
in by Spaniards, 1510; threw off Spanish yoke, 1811; became part of the
state of Colombia, 1819; became an independent republic, 1833; united
with other states which became the United States of Colombia, 1861;
known as the Republic of C. since 1886.
=New Hampshire=, U.S. 42N. 70W. One of the 13 original states of the
Union; coast probably discovered by Martin Pring, 1604; explored by
John Smith, 1614; known as Laconia to early settlers; settlement
at Little Harbour, 1623; first permanent English colony planted,
1629; joined the Massachusetts colony, 1641-79, when it became again
independent; organised as a state, 1776.
=New Haven=, Conn. 41N. 72W. Colonised by English under Eaton,
Davenport, and others, 1638; annexed to Connecticut, 1662; Yale College
f. at Saybrook, 1701, removed to New Haven, 1717; plundered by English,
1779 (W. of Ind.).
=New Jersey=, U.S. 40N. 74W. One of the 13 original states; so named in
honour of its first governor, who had been governor of Isle of Jersey;
Hudson off coast, 17th century; first colonised by Dutch, who settled
at Bergen in early 17th century; later English colonists were driven
away by Dutch; New Netherland, of which N.J. was considered a part,
became English property, 1664; bought by Penn, 1674.
=New London=, Conn. 41N. 72W. Attacked and burnt by Benedict Arnold and
the British, 1781 (W. of Ind.); blockaded by Sir T. Hardy, 1813-15.
=New Madrid=, Missouri. 36N. 89W. Besieged, and evacuated by
Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).
=New Mexico=, U.S. 35N. 105W. Cabeza de Vaca in, with the scattered
remains of Narvaez's expedition, about 1537; Coronado in, 1540,
followed by other Spanish explorers; country taken from Spaniards by
Indians, 1680; recovered by former, 1698; Santa Fé captured by U.S.
forces, 1846; ceded to U.S., 1848; organised as a territory, 1850.
=New Netherland= (now New York). So named by Dutch explorers, 1614;
Stuyvesant appointed governor, 1645; New Amsterdam surrendered to
English, 1664, and name changed to New York; Amsterdam (Fort James)
retaken by Dutch, 1673, and Dutch name of colony restored. (See New
York.)
=New Orleans=, Louisiana. 30N. 90W. F. by French, 1718; English
defeated by Americans, 1815; surrender of town to Federal fleet, 1862.
(See Louisiana.)
=New Plymouth=, Mass. 41N. 70W. Landing of Pilgrim Fathers from the
'Mayflower,' Dec. 1620; first English colony planted in America;
incorporated with Massachusetts, 1692.
=Newport=, Rhode Island. 41N. 71W. Verrazano in harbour, 1524; f.
1638; taken by English, 1776 (W. of Ind.). Bp. William Ellery Channing
(1780-1842).
=New Providence=, Bahamas. 25N. 77W. Discovered by Columbus, 1492, who
named it Fernandino; colonised by English, 1629; present name given by
Sayle, who was wrecked off coast, 1667; buccaneers became masters of in
17th century; taken by Americans, 1776; restored to England, 1783.
=New Spain=, original name given to Mexico.
=New York=, state. 42N. 77W. One of the 13 original states. Verazzani
in bay, 1524; Champlain discovers lake which bears his name, 1609;
Hudson on river named after him, 1609; region explored by Dutch
navigator Block, 1614; early Dutch settlements in (see New Netherland,
Manhattan); first governor Cornelius May, 1624; colony received present
name, 1664, when taken possession of by English; Dutch in power again,
1673-4; province formally surrendered to English by treaty, and Andros
made governor, 1674; independence proclaimed, 1776; Erie Canal opened,
1825.
=New York=, city. 40N. 73W. Settled by Dutch as New Amsterdam, 1614;
named by them New Orange in 1673; negro plots in, 1712 and 1741;
Stamp Act riot, 1765; fighting at Golden Hill, 1770; taken by the
English, 1776, and only evacuated by them at close of W. of Ind., 1783;
Washington inaugurated as first President of U.S., 1789 (see Manhattan,
New Amsterdam). Columbia University f. 1754. Bp. Philip Freneau, poet
(from whom Campbell stole a line) (1752-1832); John Howard Payne, A. of
'Home, Sweet Home' (1792-1852); Washington Irving (1783-1859); Rodman
Drake, poet (1795-1820); C. Fenno Hoffmann, poet (1806-84); W. James,
psychologist (1842-1910); Henry James, novelist (1843).
=Niagara=, river. 43N. 79W. Falls discovered by French missionary,
Hennepin, 1678. (See Fort Niagara.)
=Nicaragua=, Cent. A. 12N. 85W. Columbus off coast, 1502; Espinosa
in, 1519; J. de Avila, 1522; towns of Granada and Leon f. by Cordova,
1523; part of the Confederation of Cent. America, 1824-38, when it was
declared an independent republic; in 1856 the filibuster Walker had
himself elected president, but had to surrender the following year;
political disturbances since; war with Honduras, 1907.
=Nine Partners=, Duchess Co., N.Y. 41N. 73W. Bp. J. K. Paulding, A.
(1779-1860).
=Nipissing, Lake=, Canada. 46N. 70W. Champlain at, 1615; Jean Nicolet
at during expedition 1634-9.
=Nombre de Dios=, Panama. 9N. 78W. Pizarro embarks at, 1528; Blasco
Nuñez arrives at, 1544; Drake off, 1572; seized by Drake, 1595.
=Nootka Sound=, Vancouver's Island. 49N. 126W. Discovered by Cook, 1778.
=Norfolk=, Virginia. 36N. 76W. Burnt by the English, 1776 (W. of Ind.).
=Northampton=, Mass. 42N. 72W. Jonathan Edwards preacher at, 1727-50;
bp. Timothy Dwight, writer of patriotic verse (1752-1817).
=Northampton=, N. Jersey. 39N. 74W. Bp. John Woolman, Quaker preacher
(1720-72). (See 'A Quakers' Meeting' in 'Essays of Elia.')
=North Point=, Baltimore. 39N. 76W. Landing of British forces, 1814.
(See Fort McHenry.)
=Norwich=, Conn. 41N. 72W. Bp. Benedict Arnold (1741-1801); Mrs.
Sigourney, poet and prose writer (1791-1865).
=Nova Scotia.= 45N. 64W. Discovered by Norsemen, end 10th century (see
the Markland of old saga of 'Eric the Red'); the Cabots off, 1497,
1498-9; Verazzani off, 1524; coast explored by Champlain, 1604; name
of Acadia changed to present one by Scotch, to whom grant was given by
James I., 1622; colony restored to France by Treaty of Breda, 1667;
English conquest of, 1708; finally ceded to England by Treaty of
Utrecht, 1713; expatriation of French. (See Grand Pré.)
=Nova Zembla.= 71N. 55E. Discovered by Sir Hugh Willoughby, 1553;
voyage to by Stephen Burroughs, 1556; by the Dutch under Barentz,
1594-6.
=Ocosingo=, Chiapas, Mexico. 16N. 91W. Famous ruins at, relics of
ancient tribes.
=Ocotepeque=, Salvador, Cent. A. Troops of Carrera defeated by those of
San Salvador, 1863.
=Ogdensburg=, N.Y. 44N. 75W. English repulsed by Brown, 1812; entered
and plundered by English, 1813.
=Ohio=, U.S. 38N. 80W. Explored by La Salle about 1680; valley taken
possession of for French by de Bienville, 1749; explored by Christopher
Gist for Ohio Company, 1750-2; English settlements in destroyed by
French, 1752; cause of war between the two countries, 1755; ceded to
England, 1763, and Marietta settled, 1788; lost to her by W. of Ind.;
admitted to Union, 1802.
=Ohio=, river. Discovered by La Salle, 1669; explored by Christopher
Gist, 1750-1.
=Oklahoma= ('beautiful land'). 35N. 96W. Entered the Union (with Indian
territory) as a state, 1906.
=Onoto=, Venezuela. 9N. 65W. Paez defeated by Royalists, 1818 (S. A. W.
Ind.).
=Oregon=, U.S. 42N. 116W. Ferreto in, 1543; Drake off, 1579; Cook
landed at Nootka Sound, to which he gave its name, 1778; mouth of
Columbia R. discovered by Spaniards, 1775; named by Gray, 1792; coast
explored by Vancouver, 1793; explorations in under Lewis and Clarke,
1804-6; boundary dispute between Great Britain and America settled,
1846; organised as a territory, 1848; admitted to Union, 1859. (See
Astoria.)
=Orinoco=, river, S.A. 8N. 60W. Columbus at mouth of, 1498; Raleigh
rowed partly up in search of the gold mines of Manoa, 1595; Kemys
sent up by Raleigh, 1617, during the latter's last expedition; Kemys
attacked San Tomas and Raleigh's son was killed.
=Oriskany=, near Utica, N.Y. 43N. 75W. Victory of Patriots over Mohawks
and Tories, 1777 (W. of Ind.).
=Orleans, Island of=, Canada. 46N. 70-71W. Discovered by Cartier, who
called it the Island of Bacchus on account of the number of its vines,
1535.
=Osawatomie=, Kansas. 38N. 96W. Fight between John Brown, the
abolitionist, and his opponents, 1856.
=Oswego=, N.Y. 43N. 76W. English establish post at, 1725; forts
captured by Montcalm, 1756; surrendered and in English possession till
1795; taken by English, 1814.
=Ottawa=, Canada. 45N. 75W. Made capital of Dominion, 1858; originally
named Bytown after Col. By, its founder; first parliament opened, 1866.
=Ottawa=, river, Ontario and Quebec. Explored by Champlain, 1612 and
1615; by Jean Nicolet, 1634.
=Otumba=, Mexico. 19N. 99W. Victory of Cortés over Mexican Indians,
1520.
=Pachacamac=, Peru. 12S. 77W. Famous under the Incas for its great
temple and shrine whence oracles were delivered; image destroyed by
Hernando Pizarro, who arrived at, 1533. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op.
cit.)
=Pacific, The.= First seen by a European when Nuñez de Balboa sighted
it from the Isthmus of Darien, 1513; name given by Magalhaes, who
sailed into its waters, 1520; first English boat launched on by John
Oxenham (d. 1575); Drake sailed across after entering by Magellan,
1577; among the many explorers of the 18th century were Cook, 1778, and
Vancouver, 1791. (See Irving, 'Companions of Columbus.')
=Paita= (Payta), Peru. 5S. 80W. Reached by Pizarro, 1527; sacked and
burnt by the filibuster Anson, 1741; burnt by Lord Cochrane, 1820.
=Palenque=, Chiapas, Mexico. 17N. 91W. Famous prehistoric ruins at.
=Palmyra=, N.Y. 43N. 77W. Mormon sect at f. by Joseph Smith, 1827.
=Palo Alto=, Texas. 26N. 97W. Defeat of Mexicans by Americans, 1846.
=Paltos, Desert of=, north of Caxas. Crossed by Blasco Nunez pursued by
Gonzalo Pizarro, 1545. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)
=Pamlico Sound=, U.S. 35N. 76W. Discovered by Amadas and Barlow sent by
Raleigh, 1584.
=Panama=, town. 8N. 79W. First town f. by Avila, 1518; destroyed by
buccaneer Morgan, 1670, and rebuilt by H. de Cordova.
=Panama, Isthmus of.= 7-9N. 77-82W. Coast first sighted by the Spaniard
Bastidas, 1501; coasted by Columbus, who called it Veragua, during his
fourth and last voyage, 1502; town on f. by Ojeda, 1510, afterwards
destroyed; Nombre de Dios and other towns settled shortly after;
Pizarro here on his way to Peru. The idea of cutting a way through
the isthmus was propagated as early as the 16th century. First Pacific
steamboat passed through canal, 1909. (See under Darien).
=Panuco=, river, mouth of at Tampico, Mexico. 21N. 97W. Pineda attacked
by natives near mouth of, 1519; colony settled on by Garay, Governor of
Jamaica, 1520; De Soto at mouth of, 1539.
=Paraguay=, republic, S.A. 22S. 54W. Discovered by De Solis, 1515;
by Cabot, 1526; explored and taken possession of by Mendoza, 1536;
Asuncion (q.v.) f. 1536 or 1537; formerly a dependency of Peru; threw
off Spanish authority, 1810; defeat of Belgrano, near Asuncion, made
Paraguay definitely independent of Buenos Ayres, 1811; Dr. Francia
dictator, 1816-40; Antonio Lopez in power, 1841-62; reign of terror
under his son till 1870, when latter was captured and killed; constant
change of presidents since.
=Paraguay=, river, Brazil. 14S. 57W. Cabot on, 1525; explored by
Ayolas, who fought successfully with the natives on, 1535-7.
=Parana=, river, estuary of, at Rio de la Plata. First ascended by
Cabot, 1525; Ayolas on, 1535.
=Paria, Gulf of=, S.A. 9N. 60W. Columbus in, 1498; Ojeda in, 1499.
=Patagonia, S.A.= 39S. 60W. Discovered by Magalhaes, 1519; R. de Isola
the first to traverse the country, 1535; Drake off, 1578; Cook, 1774;
many later explorers, among them Darwin (see 'Voyage of the Beagle')
and Capt. Mayne, 1866-8.
=Patapsco=, river, Maryland. 39N. 76W. Explored by John Smith, 1608.
=Paulus Hook= (now Jersey City). 40N. 74W. Captured by Americans, 1779
(W. of Ind.).
=Paxton=, Penn. 40N. 76W. 'Boys' of massacre Indians at Conestoga and
Lancaster, 1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac,' op. cit.)
=Paysandu=, Uruguay. 32S. 57W. Taken by assault by Brazilians, and
subjected to a hideous pillage, and its defender Gomez murdered, 1865.
=Pennsylvania=, U.S. 40N. 79W. One of the 13 original states of the
Union; early colonies in of Swedes and Finns, 17th century; territory
surrendered to English, 1664; granted by letters patent to Penn, 1681.
=Penobscot, river=, Maine. 44N. 68W. Navigated by George Weymouth, 1605.
=Pepperell=, Mass. 42N. 71W. Early home of Prescott, the historian.
=Pernambuco=, Brazil. 7-9S. 35-44W. Colonised by Portuguese, 16th
century; invaded by Dutch, 1630; insurrections in, 17th, 18th, and 19th
centuries.
=Peru=, S.A. 3-22S. 69-80W. Expedition to, under Andagoya, 1522;
Pizarro first reaches, 1526; conquering expedition to landed at Tumbez,
1531. He found the empire divided between the two Incas, Huascar and
Atahuallpa; the latter was strangled by Pizarro, 1532; Lima f. by
conqueror, 1535; country settled by Gasca, 1548-50; Mendoza viceroy,
1551; Indian insurrection under Pumacagna, 1814; Spanish viceroy's
forces heavily defeated at Maypo by San Martin, 1816; entry of San
Martin, the Liberator, into Lima, and proclamation of independence,
1821; liberation of country assured by defeat of Spaniards at Ayacucho,
1824; finally evacuated by Spaniards, 1826; civil disturbances
continual, and war with Spain, 1864 and 1866; treaty with Bolivia,
1873; and war with Chili, 1879-83; continued revolutions and hideous
slaughter in the streets of Lima for three days, March 1895.
=Philadelphia=, Penn. 39N. 75W. Early Swedish settlers in, who sold the
land to W. Penn, 1682, when city was f.; first continental congress
at, 1774; Declaration of Independence proclaimed at, 1776; taken by
Lord Howe, 1777; evacuated by English, 1778; proclamation of close
of W. of Ind., 1783; capital removed from to Washington, 1800. Bp. C.
Brockden Brown (1771-1810); F. Hopkinson, satirist, A. of 'The Battle
of the Kegs' (1737-91); Louisa M. Alcott (1832-88); Allibone, A. of the
'Dict. of Literature' (1816-89); Joseph Hopkins, A. of 'Hail Columbia'
(1770-1842); Leland (Hans Breitmann) (1824-1903); H. H. Furness, editor
of the Variorum Shakespeare (1833); F. R. Stockton (1834-1902); res.
Benjamin Franklin, 1723-90, the year of his death.
=Pichincha=, near Quito, Ecuador, 0. 78W. Victory of Sucré, Bolivar's
lieutenant, 1822 (S. A. W. Ind.).
=Pines, Isle of=, W. Indies. 24N. 81W. Discovered by Columbus, and
named by him Evangelista, 1494.
=Pittsburg=, Penn. 40N. 80W. On site of Fort Duquesne (q.v.). Defeat of
Braddock by the French and Indians, 1755; taken by English, 1758, who
gave it its present name.
=Pittsburg Landing=, Tennessee. 35N. 88W. Federals defeated, but
Confederates finally forced to retire, April 6 and 7, 1862 (also known
as battle of Shiloh).
=Piura=, river, Peru. 5S. 80W. Crossed by Pizarro on his way inland,
1532.
=Plata, La, Rio de=, S.A. 34S. 36W. Mouth discovered by Pinzon and
Solís, 1508; Solís again at, 1515, and killed by natives; Cabot on,
1526, who named it as above, and f. S. Espiritu; Garcia arrived at
mouth of the same year (see Brazil); Drake off, 1578.
=Plata, La.= Silver mines in worked by Gonzalo Pizarro in 15th century;
by Carbajal, 16th century; made a viceroyalty, 1778. (See Argentine
Republic.)
=Plattsburg=, N.Y. 44N. 73W. British fleet defeated in Cumberland Bay,
and English land force repulsed, by Americans, 1814.
=Pleasant Grove=, near Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana. 31N. 93W.
Confederates repulsed, 1864 (Civil W.).
=Plymouth=, Mass. 41N. 70W. First town f. in New England by the Pilgrim
Fathers, 1620; bp. W. Bradford, second governor and historian of
Plymouth, 1588-1657.
=Plymouth=, N. Carolina. 36N. 76W. Taken by Confederates, 1864.
=Plymouth Harbour= (Port St. Louis). 41N. 70W. Champlain in during
second expedition to Canada, 1604-7; the 'Mayflower' enters, 1620.
=Point Pleasant=, Clermont Co., Ohio. 39N. 84W. Bp. Ulysses Simpson
Grant, general, and 18th President of U.S. (1822-85).
=Popayan=, Colombia. 2N. 76W. F. by Benalcazar, 1537; reached by Blasco
Nuñez after his long and painful march pursued by Gonzalo Pizarro,
1545. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)
=Pope's Creek=, near Bridge Creek, Virginia Bp. George Washington,
first President of U.S. (1732-99).
=Popocatepetl= ('smoking mountain'), volcano, Mexico. 18N. 98W. Ascent
of by Diego Ordaz and Spaniards in the train of Cortés, 1519.
=Port-au-Prince= (now Port Republican), Haiti. 18N. 72W. F. by French,
1745; destroyed by earthquake, 1770; revolt of negroes, 1791.
=Portland=, Maine. 43N. 70W. Bp. Longfellow (1807-82).
=Porto= (Puerto) Bello, Panama. 9N. 79W. Discovered by Columbus, 1502,
who so named it; town f. 1584; sacked by Drake, 1595; the following
year he died and was buried off; sacked by filibuster Morgan, 1668; and
by English, 1680 and 1702; and by Admiral Vernon (Old Grog), 1739.
=Porto Rico=, island, W. Indies. 17N. 65W. Discovered by Columbus,
1493; explored by Ponce de Leon, 1508; unsuccessful attack on by Drake
and Hawkins, and death of the latter off, 1595; unsuccessful attack on
by Abercrombie, 1797; revolt in, 1820; ceded to U.S. 1898.
=Port Pheasant=, Gulf of Darien. 9N. 77W. So named by Drake.
=Port Royal=, see Annapolis.
=Port Royal=, Jamaica. 17N. 76W. Successive destruction of the town by
earthquake and hurricane caused the commercial capital to be moved to
Kingston.
=Port Royal Island=, S. Carolina. 32N. 80W. Huguenot colony settled
on by Ribault, and soon after deserted, 1562; settlement on by Lord
Cardross, who a few years afterwards was dislodged by Spaniards, 1686.
=Port Royal Sound=, S. Carolina. 32N. 80W. Confederate posts taken,
1861 (Civil W.).