took place during Pizarro's invasion; the first complete ascent was
made by Dr. Reiss, 1872.
=Cowpens=, near Spartanburg, S. Carolina. 34N. 81W. English under
Tarleton defeated by Morgan. 1781 (W. of Ind.).
=Cozumel=, island, Yucatan. 20N. 87W. Cortés and his forces land on,
1519.
=Crampton's Gap=, near Barkittsville, Maryland. 39N. 77W. Battle of
South Mountain fought at, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Crosskeys=, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Indecisive action between 'Stonewall'
Jackson and the Federals, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Crown Point=, Lake Champlain. 43N. 73W. English caught in ambuscade
near, and Indian King Hendrick killed; French under Dieskau, who was
taken prisoner, finally forced to fall back on Crown Point, 1755;
captured by English under Amherst, 1759.
=Cuba=, island, W. Indies. 21N. 79W. Discovered by Columbus, who named
it Guana, 1492; further explored by, 1494; Ocampo off coast, 1508;
Ojeda stranded on, 1509-10; final conquest of by Velasquez, 1511;
De Soto made captain-general, 1537; Hawkins off, 1564-5; taken by
English, 1762, and restored to Spain by Treaty of Paris, 1763; Black
Eagle rebellion, 1829; insurrection of blacks, 1844; further rebellion
against Spain, 1868-78; further revolution, 1895; autonomy granted
to, 1897; the 'Maine' blown up, 1898; armed intervention of U.S.
and liberation of island from Spanish rule, 1898; control of island
formally transferred to Cuban Government, 1902; insurrection, 1906, and
provisional government of U.S. till 1909.
=Cuernavaca=, Mexico. 19N. 99W. Remains of palace and church built by
Cortés.
=Cumana=, Venezuela. 10N. 64W. Destroyed and inhabitants massacred by
Royalist Gen. Boves, 1814 (S. A. W. Ind.).
=Cumberland Bay=, N.A. 64N. 65W. Davis in, 1585.
=Cummington=, Mass. 42N. 72W. Bp. of William Cullen Bryant, poet
(1794-1878).
=Curaçao=, island, Antilles. 12N. 69W. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499;
Spanish settlement on, 1527; in Dutch possession since 1632; taken
by English during continental wars and restored to Dutch by Treaty of
London, 1814.
=Curiana= (or Pearls), Gulf of, Nicaragua. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499.
=Cuttyhunk=, island, Buzzard's Bay, Mass. English colony under Gosnold
on, 1602.
=Cuzco=, the 'Holy City,' Peru. 13S. 72W. F. by Manco Capac, 11th
century; ancient res. and burial-place of the Incas, and site of famous
Temple of the Sun, now occupied by a Dominican convent; its buildings
despoiled by Pizarro's emissaries to complete the Inca's ransom, 1532;
entered by Pizarro as conqueror, 1533; besieged and burnt by Peruvians,
1535; Almagro, Pizarro's rival, makes himself master, 1537; Hernano
Pizarro enters as victor, and Almagro executed, 1538; Francesco Pizarro
again in, 1538; the younger Almagro in power for a while and executed
by Vaca de Castro, 1542; insurrection under Gonzalo Pizarro, 1544;
won back for the crown by Centeno, 1547; return of F. Pizarro after
victory of Huarina, 1547; Gonzalo Pizarro executed, 1548; remains of
gigantic fortress and other Peruvian relics. Bp. of Garcilasso de la
Vega, historian of Peru (1539, d. after 1617). (See Prescott, 'Peru,'
op. cit.)
=Dakota, N. and S.= 42N. 97W. Gold-fields in; Pembina f. by French,
1780; Sioux Falls by Americans, 1857; uprising of Sioux Indians, 1862;
campaign against and destruction of Custer's force, 1876; re-rising,
death of Sitting Bull, and final suppression of, 1890; admitted to
Union, 1889.
=Dallas=, Georgia. 34N. 84W. Federals defeated, May 25, Confederates,
May 28, 1864 (Civil W.).
=Dalton=, Georgia. 34N. 84W. Confederates forced to evacuate, 1864.
=Danbury=, Connecticut. 41W. 73N. Burnt by Governor Tryon, 1777 (W. of
Ind.).
=Darien Isthmus=, S. America. 9N. 89W. Bastidas and Columbus off (see
Panama); F. Pizarro reached, 1509; crossed by Nuñez de Balboa, who was
the first European to sight the Pacific, 1513; by Drake, 1572; Scottish
settlement on (New Caledonia) forced to evacuate by Spaniards, 1698-9;
treaty conferring right on U.S. of constructing canal across, 1869.
(See sonnet by Keats.)
=Darwin Sound, and Mount Darwin=, King Charles's South Land, Tierra del
Fuego. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.')
=Davis Strait=, N.A. 65N. 57W. Named after the explorer who discovered
it in 1585.
=Deerfield=, Mass. 42N. 72W. Attacked by Indians and saved by the
fugitive regicide, Colonel Goffe, 1674; sc. destruction and massacre by
French and Indians, 1704.
=Delaware=, U.S. 38N. 75W. One of the 13 original states; bay
discovered by Hudson, 1609; first entered by Lord de la Warr, 1610;
Dutch colony settled in, 1631; Wilmington settled by Swedes, 1638;
latter driven out by Dutch, who were succeeded by English, 1655, 1664;
Penn became proprietor, 1683; declared an independent state, 1776;
first of the 13 states to ratify the Federal constitution.
=Delaware River.= 40N. 74W. Passage of, by Washington, 1776.
=Demerara=, British Guiana, S.A. 6N. 57W. Colonised by Dutch, 1580;
taken by the English, 1796 and 1803; finally surrendered to England,
1814.
=Detroit=, Michigan. 42N. 83W. In possession of French in 17th
century; colony planted by Cadillac, 1701; taken by the English
under Rogers, 1760; six months' siege by Pontiac, finally relieved by
Col. Bradstreet, 1763-4; Americans in possession, 1796; surrendered
to British, 1812; finally ceded to America, 1813. (See Parkman,
'Conspiracy of Pontiac.')
=Dismal Swamp=, Virginia and N. Carolina. 36N. 76W. Former hiding-place
of runaway slaves. (See poems, Longfellow and Moore.)
=Dominica=, W. Indies. 15N. 61W. Discovered by Columbus on a Sunday
(hence its name) in 1493; Sir J. Hawkins at, 1565, 1568; taken by
English, 1761, and ceded to them by Treaty of Paris, 1763; taken by
French and restored to England, 1770, 1783; attempts by French on, 1795
and 1805; negro insurrection, 1802.
=Dominican Republic=, see Santo Domingo.
=Dorchester=, near Boston, Mass. 42N. 71W. Bp. of J. Lothrop Motley,
historian (1814-77).
=Dranesville=, Fairfax Co., Virginia. 38N. 76W. Confederates defeated,
1861 (Civil W.).
=Durango= (Ciudad de Victoria, or Guadiana), Mexico. 24N. 104W. F. by
Velasco, 1559.
=Dustin's Island=, Merrimac River, near Concord, N.H. 42N. 71W. So
called from Hannah Dustin, who escaped with her two companions from the
Indians, after killing and scalping their captors, 1697.
=Duxbury=, Mass. 42N. 70W. Ocean telegraph from Brest terminates at
this point; here died in 1687 John Alden, one of the Pilgrim Fathers,
commemorated by Longfellow in his 'Courtship of Miles Standish.'
=Easter Island= (Davis's Land), Pacific. 27S. 109W. Discovered by
Davis, 1686; Roggewein at, 1722; Cook at, 1774.
=Eastport=, Moose Island, Passamaquoddy Bay. 45N. 67W. Surrendered to
British squadron, 1814.
=East Windsor=, Conn. 41N. 72W. Bp. Jonathan Edwards, theologian
(1703-58), and of Lorrin Andrews, missionary and Hawaiian scholar
(1795-1868).
=Eatonton=, Georgia. 33N. 83W. Bp. of Joel Chandler Harris, A. of
'Uncle Remus,' etc. (1848-1908).
=Econochaca= (or Holy Ground), Alabama River, Lourdes Co., Miss. 31N.
88W. Indians surprised and scattered by Gen. Claiborne, 1813 (W. with
Creek Indians).
=Ecuador= (Equator), S.A. 2S. 78W. Part of the Inca's territory
conquered by Pizarro in the 16th century; it formed part of the
presidency of Quito; first revolt against Spanish rule in 1809; finally
liberated after defeat of Spaniards at Pichincha, 1822; became part of
Colombia, and finally separated as an independent republic under its
present name, 1830; continual civil war in after this; the dictator
Moreno assassinated at Quito, 1875; frequent revolutions since.
=El Caney=, near Santiago, Cuba. 20N. 76W. Defended by Vera de Rey
against Americans, victory of latter and death of Spanish commander
(Spanish-American W.), 1898.
=El Molino del Rey=, capture of, see Chapultepec.
=Emucfau=, Alabama. 32N. 85W. Fierce encounter near, between Jackson
and Creek Indians, 1814.
=Erie Canal=, running 363 miles between Buffalo and Albany, connecting
the upper lakes and Hudson river, completed, 1825.
=Erie, Lake=, 42N. 81W. Heavy defeat of British by Commander Perry in
Put-in Bay, 1813.
=Esopus=, near Kingston, N.Y. 41N. 73W. Warfare between Dutch and
Indians known as the 'Esopus War,' 1655-64.
=Espanola=, see Haiti.
=Essequibo=, British Guiana, S.A. 5N. 58W. Colonised by Dutch, 1580;
taken by the English, 1796 and 1803; finally surrendered to England,
1814.
=Essequibo=, river (mouth of), 7N. 58W. Discovered by Pinzon, 1499.
=Eutaw Springs=, Charleston Co., S. Carolina. 53N. 80W. The battle was
indecisive; the Americans under Greene gained a complete victory over
the English under Stuart during the first great conflict, but were
forced to give way during a renewed fight of some hours, 1781 (W. of
Ind.).
=Exeter=, New Hampshire. 42N. 71W. English colony settled at, 1638.
=Fair Oaks= (or Seven Pines), on the Chickahominy. 37N. 77W. One of
the series of battles known as the 'Seven days of Richmond.' The
Confederates after gaining considerable advantage over enemy were
finally driven back, May 31-June 1, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Falkland Islands=, S. Atlantic. 52S. 60W. Discovered by Davis,
1592; Hawkins off, 1594; the present name was given first to the
sound by John Strong, captain, in 1690; in 1710 they were christened
Malonines by French from St. Malo; finally, after various countries had
established settlements in, it passed, 1833, into English possession,
and is one of the crown colonies; Darwin on (see 'Voyage of the
Beagle').
=Farmville=, Virginia. 37N. 78W. Confederates under Lee defeated by
Sheridan, 1865 (Civil W.).
=Fayette=, Missouri. 38N. 92W. Indecisive action between Federals and
Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Fayetteville=, N. Carolina. 35N. 78W. Surrendered to Confederates,
1861; retaken by Gen. Sherman, 1865 (Civil W.).
=Filbert Island= (Isle aux Condres), St. Lawrence. 47N. 70W. So named
by Cartier, 1535.
=Fire Island Beach=, Long Island, N.Y. 40N. 73W. Margaret Fuller
(Marchioness d'Ossoli) and her husband and child drowned off, 1850.
=Fisher's Hill=, near Woodstock, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Confederates
defeated by Sheridan, 1864 (Civil W.).
=Five Forks=, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Defeat of Confederates under Lee,
March 31-April 1, 1865.
=Florida=, U.S. 29N. 82W. The Cabots off, during voyage, 1498-9;
discovered and named by Ponce de Leon, who landed on Palm Sunday
(Pascua Florida), 1513; expedition to, under Pineda, 1519; disastrous
expedition to, under Narvaez, 1528; colonising expedition to, under
De Soto, 1539; expeditions sent to by Coligny, 1562, 1564 (see Fort
Caroline); St. Augustine f. by Spaniards, 1565, and taken by Drake,
1586; invasion of, under Oglethorpe, 1740; ceded to Great Britain by
Treaty of Paris, 1763; invaded by Spaniards, 1779, and Pensacola seized
by, 1781; restored to Spain by treaty, 1783; purchased by U.S., 1819,
and transferred to, 1821; war with Seminole Indians, 1835-42; admitted
to the Union, 1845; seceded, 1861; readmitted, 1868.
=Florida=, Missouri. 38N. 92W. Bp. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark
Twain) (1835-1910).
=Fort Bowyer=, Mobile Bay. 30N. 87W. British fleet repulsed, 1814;
besieged for two days and surrendered to English, 1815.
=Fort Carolina=, St John's R., Florida. 30N. 81W. Small Huguenot
colony settled by Ribault, 1562; Laudonnière joins, 1564; attacked and
massacred by Spaniards under Menendez, 1565; revenge taken on Spaniards
by De Gourges, 1568.
=Fort Chambly=, St. Lawrence. 45N. 73W. Captured by Americans, 1775 (W.
of Ind.).
=Forts Clinton and Montgomery=, Hudson R. 41N. 73W. Taken by Sir Henry
Clinton's forces, 1777 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Detroit= (see Detroit). Surrendered by Gen. Hull to the English,
1812.
=Fort Donelson=, near Dover, Tennessee. 36N. 87W. Surrendered by
Confederates to Gen. Grant, 1862; attack on by, and repulse of,
Confederates, 1863 (Civil W.).
=Fort Du Quesne=, Penn. 40N. 79W. Built by French on site of present
city of Pittsburg, 1754; disastrous expedition against, under Braddock,
1755; taken by English and name changed to Fort Pitt (q.v.), 1758.
=Fort Erie=, Ontario. 42N. 78W. Bombarded by English, Aug. 7-15, when
the bastion they had taken blew up; a sortie of the defenders, Sept.
17, finally left the victory to the Americans, 1814.
=Fort Fisher=, Wilmington, N. Carolina. 34N. 77W. Bombarded and
captured by the Federals, 1865 (Civil W.).
=Fort Frontenac=, Lake Ontario. 44N. 76W. Garrison surrendered to
English, 1758.
=Fort George=, see Lake George.
=Fort George=, Long Island. 40N. 73W. Garrison surrendered to Americans
under Tallmadge, 1780 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort George=, Niagara. 43N. 79W. British garrison forced to retreat,
1813.
=Fort Harrison=, Richmond. 37N. 77W. Taken by Federals, and renamed
Fort Burnham, in honour of the commander who fell, 1864; failure of
Confederates under Lee to recapture later the same year (Civil W.).
=Fort Harrison=, near Terre Haute, Indiana. 39N. 87W. Attacked by
Indians, under the instigation of "the Prophet," and with difficulty
saved by the enfeebled garrison, 1812.
=Fort Henry=, Tennessee R. 36N. 87W. Surrendered by Confederates, 1862
(Civil W.).
=Fort Hindman=, Arkansas. 34N. 91W. Confederates surrender, 1863 (Civil
W.).
=Fort Lee=, near Jersey City, N. Jersey. 40N. 74W. Narrow escape of
Gen. Greene from English forces under Cornwallis, 1776 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort McHenry=, Whetstone Point, Baltimore. 39N. 76W. Heavily bombarded
by Admiral Cochrane, who was forced to withdraw, 1814. (During the
bombardment, F. Scott Key, who was in custody on an English vessel,
wrote 'The Star-spangled Banner.')
=Fort Meigs=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Besieged by British and
Indians, who were forced to retire, 1813.
=Fort Mercer=, near Philadelphia. 39N. 74W. Fierce bombardment by
British forces under Donop, who died of his wounds; the attack was a
failure, 1777 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Miami=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Surrendered to Indians,
1763 (Pontiac W.).
=Fort Mifflin=, opposite Fort Mercer (q.v.). Besieged by British for
six days, when the remainder of defenders escaped, 1777.
=Fort Mims=, near junction of Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers. 31N.
87W. Slaughter of men, women, and children by Indians, under the
chief Weathersford, during the rising of Tecumseh and his brother the
prophet, 1812.
=Fort Montgomery=, see Fort Clinton.
=Fort Moultrie=, Sullivan Island, S. Carolina. 32N. 79W. Unsuccessfully
assaulted by English fleet under Sir Peter Parker, 1776 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Necessity=, Monongahela R. 39N. 78W. Surrendered by Washington,
1754; a previous encounter near was the first blood shed in French and
Indian war.
=Fort Niagara=, Lake Ontario. 43N. 79W. Begun by La Salle, 1673;
strongly fortified by French, 1725; taken by English, 1759; concourse
of Indians at, 1764; seized by English and part of garrison massacred,
1813.
=Fort Ouatanon=, near Lafayette, Wabash R. 40N. 86W. Taken by Indians,
1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac.')
=Fort St Philip=, Mississippi R. 29N. 89W. Fierce naval battle near,
ending in victory to the Federals, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Fort Pillow=, near Memphis, Tennessee. 35N. 89W. Taken, and garrison
massacred, by Gen. Forrest, Confederate leader, 1864 (Civil W.).
=Fort Pitt.= Name given to Fort Du Quesne (q.v.) after it fell into
the hands of the English, 1758; saved from Pontiac's assault by Col.
Bouquet, 1763. (See Parkman, op. cit.)
=Fort Pulaski=, Savannah R. 32N. 80W. Taken by Federals, 1862 (Civil
W.).
=Fort Schuyler= (on site of village of Rome), Oneida Co., N.Y. 43N.
75W. Taken by English and Indian allies, 1779 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Spring Hill=, Richmond. 37N. 77W. Carried by the Federals, 1864
(Civil W.).
=Fort Sumter=, see Charleston.
=Fort Ticonderoga=, see under T.
=Fort Wagner=, Charleston, S. Carolina. 32N. 79W. Assault on by
Federals, 1863 (Civil W.).
=Fort Washington=, Manhattan Island, N.Y. 40N. 74W. Captured by the
English, 1776 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Watson=, Santee R., near Camden. 34N. 80W. Capitulation of
English, 1781 (W. of Ind.).
=Fort Wayne=, Maumee R., Indiana. 41N. 85W. Repulse of attack on by
English and Indian allies, 1812.
=Fort William and Mary=, Newcastle, Portsmouth Harbour. 43N. 70W.
Attack on and seizure of ammunition by patriots under Sullivan, 1774.
=Fort William Henry=, Lake George. 43N. 73W. Taken by Montcalm, and
English garrison massacred by the Indian allies, 1757. (See Louisburg.)
=Franklin=, Tennessee. 35N. 86W. Fierce battle ending in defeat of the
Confederates, 1864 (Civil W.).
=Franklin= (formerly included in Salisbury), N. Hampshire. 43N. 71W.
Bp. Daniel Webster, orator (1782-1852).
=Frazier's Farm=, near Richmond. 37N. 77W. One of the fierce battles
fought near Richmond. Confederates finally driven back (also known as
battle of Glendale), 1862.
=Frederica=, Georgia 31N. 81W. Spanish attack on repulsed by
Oglethorpe, 1742.
=Frederick=, Frederick Co., Maryland. 39N. 77W. Sc. Barbara Frietchie's
patriotic courage in continuing to wave the Union flag, 1862. (See poem
by Whittier.)
=Frederick Co.=, Maryland. Bp. Francis Scott Key, A. of 'The Star
spangled Banner' (1779-1843).
=Fredericksburg=, Virginia. 38N. 77W. Victory of Confederates under
Lee, 1862 (Civil W.).
=Fredericksburg=, Penn. 40N. 76W. Bp. James Lick, to whom the
observatory is due (1796-1876).
=Fredericktown=, Missouri. 38N. 90W. Defeat of Confederates, 1861
(Civil W.).
=Fredericton=, N. Brunswick. 45N. 66W. Bp. W. Bliss Carman, poet (1861).
=Frenchtown= (now Monroe), Michigan. 41N. 83W. Taken by Americans,
1813; recaptured by English two days later, when Indians massacred the
sick and wounded.
=Frobisher Bay.= 62N. 65W. Named after the discoverer, 1576; Hudson
off, 1610.
=Front Royal=, Virginia. 39N. 78W. Victory of Confederates, 1862 (Civil
W.).
=Fulton=, Missouri. 38N. 92W. Confederates defeated, 1861 (Civil W.).
=Fundy, Bay of.= 45N. 66W. Explored by Champlain, 1604-7, during his
second expedition to Canada.
=Fury and Hecla Strait.= 69N. 84W. Discovered by Parry, 1821.
=Gaines's Mill=, Chickahominy R. One of the series of engagements near
Richmond (q.v.), fought between Lee and McClellan, 1862.
=Galapagos Islands=, S.A. 0S. 91W. Marked on early map of 1570; Dampier
on, 1684; explored by Capt. Colnett, 1794.
=Galveston=, Texas. 29N. 95W. Surrendered to Federals, 1862; attacked
and retaken by Confederates, 1863 (Civil W.).
=Gaspe=, Quebec. 48N. 64W. Cross erected on the shore by Cartier, who
landed here, 1534.
George, Lake, N.Y. 43N. 73W. Sc. action during French and Indian
war, 1755-9; its chief forts were William Henry (q.v.), George, and
Ticonderoga (q.v.). French under Dieskau, who was mortally wounded,
defeated, 1755. (Parkman, 'Conspiracy of Pontiac.')
=Georgia=, U.S. 33N. 83W. One of the 13 original states; named in
honour of George II.; colony f. (for debtors and others) by Oglethorpe,
1733; Wesleys and Whitefield in, 1736, 1738; Spaniards repulsed from
Frederica by Oglethorpe, 1742; Savannah in English occupation, 1778-82
(W. of Ind.); seceded, 1861; readmitted to Union, 1870.
=Georgian Bay=, Lake Huron. 45N. 81W. Reached by Jean Nicolet during
expedition, 1634-9.
=Germantown=, suburb of Philadelphia, Penn. 39N. 75W. F. by Germans,
17th century; first Bible (German) printed in America, 1743; English
victory over Americans, 1777.
=Gettysburg=, Penn. 39N. 77W. Battles, July 1-2, and July 3, in which
the Confederates under Lee were finally defeated, 1863.
=Gibraltar=, Gulf of Maracaybo, Venezuela. 9N. 70W. Spanish ships sunk
and captured by the buccaneer Morgan, 1669.
=Glendale=, see Frazier's Farm.
=Gloucester=, Cape Ann, Mass. Bay. 42N. 70W. Settled by English
colonists known as Dorchester Adventurers, 1623.
=Goldsboro=, N. Carolina. 35N. 77W. Taken by the Federals, 1862 (Civil
W.).
=Gorgona=, island, S.A. 2N. 78W. Pizarro on with his few followers for
seven months awaiting help, 1527.
=Gracias-a-Dios=, Honduras, S.A. 15N. 33W. F. by De Chaves, 1536.
=Gracias-a-Dios=, cape, Nicaragua. 15N. 83W. Discovered and so named by
Columbus, 1502.
=Granada=, Nicaragua. 12N. 85W. F. 1523 by Cordova; sacked by
buccaneers, 1666, burnt by the filibuster Walker, 1856.
=Grand Gulf=, Mississippi, U.S. 32N. 91W. Forts on taken by Federals,
1863 (Civil W.).
=Grand Pré= (or Lower Horton), Nova Scotia. 44N. 63W. Expatriation of
Acadians, 1755. (See Longfellow's 'Evangeline.')
=Great Bethel=, see Big Bethel.
=Great Bridge=, Elisabeth R., Dismal Swamp. 36N. 76W. British repulsed,
1775.
=Great Meadow=, near Cumberland. 39N. 78W. Washington attacked at, by
French, 1754.
=Great Salt Lake=, Utah. 41N. 112W. First mention of by La Hontan,
1689; discovered by Bridger, 1825; explored by Bonneville, 1833; by
Frémont and others, 1843; settlement on by Mormons under Brigham Young,
1847.
=Green Bay= (Bay of Puan), Lake Michigan. 44N. 87W. Reached by Jean
Nicolet during expedition, 1634-9.
=Greenbriar=, river, Virginia. 37N. 80W. Encounter on, between Federals
and Confederates, 1861 (Civil W.).
=Greenland.= 70N. 40W. Norsemen settled in, 10th-11th centuries (see
saga of 'Eric the Red'); the Venetian Nicolo Zeno off, about 1390;
the Cortereals off, 1501; Frobisher off, 1576, 1577, and 1578; Davis
off, 1585-7 (part of the coast he named Desolation); Weymouth off,
1602; Hudson, 1607; explored and colonised by the Norwegian Hans Egede
('Apostle of the North'), 1721-35. (See Baffin's Bay.)
=Greenville=, Ohio. 40N. 84W. Treaty between Gen. Wayne and N.W. Indian
tribes, after war 1793-4, 1795.
=Grenada= (Granada), Antilles. 12N. 61W. Discovered by Columbus, 1498;
aborigines exterminated by French, 1650; English possession, 1762-79;
retaken by French and restored to England by Treaty of Paris, 1763.
=Grenadines=, islands, Antilles. 12N. 61W. Ceded to England by Treaty
of Paris, 1763.
=Greytown= (San Juan del Norte), Nicaragua. 11N. 83W. Founded by
Spaniards; old town bombarded and destroyed by U.S. vessel, 1854.
=Grijalva=, river, Tabasco, N.A. 17N. 93W. Named after the explorer,
who first skirted this part of the Gulf of Mexico, 1518; Cortés at
mouth of, 1519.
=Griswoldville=, near Macon, Georgia. 32N. 83W. Confederates defeated,
1864.
=Groveton=, see Bull Run.
=Guadeloupe=, island, W. Indies. 16N. 61W. Discovered by Columbus
during his second voyage, 1493-6; taken by French, 1635; four times
captured by English, 1759-1815; finally restored to France, 1816.
=Guadalupe-Hidalgo=, Mexico. 19N. 99W. Treaty between U.S. and Mexico,
whereby the former gained a large increase of territory, 1848.
=Guadino=, see Durango.
=Guamanga=, former name of Ayacucho (q.v.). F. by Pizarro; name changed
after victory of A. gained at a small place near.
=Guanahani=, see San Salvador.
=Guanaja= (Bonacca), island, Honduras. 16N. 85W. Discovered by
Columbus, who called it Isle of Pines, 1502.
=Guanajuato=, Cent. Mexico. 21N. 100W. Bp. Lucas Alamán, statesman, A.
of 'Historia de Méjico' (1792-1853).
=Guancabamba= (Huancabamba), Peru. 5S. 79W. De Soto at when
reconnoitring for Pizarro, 1532.
=Guatemala=, Cent. A. 13-17N. 88-92W. Conquered by Don Pedro de
Alvarado, 1524; threw off Spanish yoke and became a republic, 1821.
=Guatemala=, city. 14N. 90W. The old city was destroyed by earthquake,
1773; present town lies to the N.E. of the old.
=Guayama=, Porto Rico. 18N. 66W. Captured by Americans, 1898.
=Guayaquil=, Gulf of, Ecuador. 2-4S. 80-81W. Pizarro sailed into, 1527.
=Guiana (British=, Dutch (Surinam), and French). 3N. 53W. Columbus off
coast, 1498; coast captured by Pinzon, 1500; expeditions to by Raleigh,
1595 and 1617. (See Orinoco.)
=Guilford=, Long Island Sound, Conn. 41N. 72W. Bp. Fitzgreene Halleck,
poet (1790-1867).
=Guilford Court House=, near Greensboro, N. Carolina. 36N. 79W. Victory
of Americans, and end of British dominion in the Carolinas, 1781 (W. of
Ind.).