state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television
Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach;
privately-owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns;
state-run radio predominates in rural areas; relays of 2
international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)
Malawi
radio is the main broadcast medium; state-run radio has the
widest geographic broadcasting reach, but about a dozen
privately-owned radio stations broadcast in major urban areas; the
single television network is government-owned; relays of multiple
international broadcasters are available (2007)
Malaysia
state-owned television broadcaster operates 2 TV networks
with relays throughout the country, and the leading private
commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays
throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is
available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national
networks as well as regional and local stations; large number of
private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription
satellite radio services are available; about 400 radio stations
overall (2008)
Maldives
state-owned radio and television monopoly until recently;
by mid-2008 there were 5 radio broadcast stations operating; first
private cable TV channel now operational with an additional 4
private TV channels in the regulatory pipeline (2008)
Mali
national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately-owned companies
provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages;
national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of
privately-owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of
multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Malta
1 publicly-owned television station, Television Malta (TVM);
several national television stations, two of which are owned by
political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are
available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are
obtainable; publicly-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 stations;
roughly 50 commercial radio stations functioning (2008)
Marshall Islands
no television broadcast station; a cable network is
available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and
satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces
Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and
television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)
Mauritania
broadcast media state-owned; 1 state-run TV and 1
state-run radio network; Television de Mauritanie, the state-run TV
station, has an additional 6 regional TV stations that provide local
programming (2008)
Mauritius
the government maintains control over TV broadcasting
through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates
3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local
company that operates 2 pay TV stations; the state retains the
largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several
private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available
(2007)
Mayotte
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which
operates in France's overseas departments and territories,
broadcasts over the RFO Mayotte television and radio station (2008)
Mexico
large number of television stations and more than 1,400 radio
stations, most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had a
virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and
foreign satellite and cable operators are now available (2007)
Micronesia, Federated States of
no television broadcast stations;
each state has a multi-channel cable service with television
transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local
programming; about a half dozen radio stations in operation (2009)
Moldova
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2
television and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TV
channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and
Romanian channels also are available (2007)
Monaco
TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; Radio Monte-Carlo
has both an Italian-language and a French-language network; a few
private radio stations operating (2008)
Mongolia
following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio
and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also
available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as
multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio
stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public
broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters
are available (2008)
Montenegro
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2
terrestrial television networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio
networks; roughly a dozen privately-owned TV broadcasters operate
networks nationally, regionally, and locally; in addition to the 2
state-owned national radio networks, roughly 50 privately-owned
radio stations and networks broadcast (2007)
Montserrat
Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits
on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station;
repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and
Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV are
obtainable (2007)
Morocco
2 television broadcast networks with state-run
Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state
partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via
satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one;
the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in
addition to its national service (2007)
Mozambique
1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV
station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and
Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides
nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple
languages; a number of privately-owned and community-operated
stations also broadcast; transmissions of multiple international
broadcasters are available (2007)
Namibia
1 private and 1 state-run television station; satellite and
cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in
multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations operating;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2007)
Nauru
1 government-owned television station broadcasting programs
from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1
government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes
Australian and British programs (2009)
Navassa Island
no television or radio broadcast stations (2009)
Nepal
state operates 2 television stations as well as national and
regional radio stations; more than 60 independent radio stations and
a small number of independent television stations (2007)
Netherlands
more than 90% of households are connected to cable or
satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and
foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple
broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in
regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television
companies, each with 3 or more stations, and a large number of
commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600
radio stations operating with a mix of public and private stations
providing national or regional coverage (2008)
New Caledonia
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),
which operates in France's overseas departments and territories,
broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle Caledonie television and radio
stations; a small number of privately-owned radio stations also
broadcast (2008)
New Zealand
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple
television networks while state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3
radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South
Pacific region; a small number of national commercial television and
radio stations and a large number of regional commercial television
and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are
accessible (2008)
Nicaragua
multiple privately-owned terrestrial television networks,
supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radio
broadcast stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaragua
is government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by the
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)
Niger
state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of
local and foreign programming; only national radio station with
national reach is state-run; about 30 private radio stations operate
locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2007)
Nigeria
nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and
regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several
private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription
services are available; network of federal-government-controlled
national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40
state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own
programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations
also operate; transmissions of international broadcasters are
available (2007)
Niue
1 government-owned television station with many of the programs
supplied by Television New Zealand; 1 government-owned radio station
broadcasting in AM and FM (2009)
Norfolk Island
1 local radio station; broadcasts of several
Australian radio and television stations are received via satellite
(2009)
Northern Mariana Islands
1 TV broadcast station on Saipan;
multi-channel cable TV services are available on Saipan; 9 licensed
radio broadcast stations (2009)
Norway
state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide
television stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional
radio stations; roughly a dozen privately-owned television stations
broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations are
available; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel
cable or satellite TV systems; 2 privately-owned radio stations
broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)
Oman
1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from Saudi
Arabia, the UAE, and Yemen are accessible via satellite TV;
state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radio
station began operation in 2007 and 2 additional stations now
operating (2007)
Pakistan
media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV
broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a
network consisting of 6 channels; private TV broadcasters are
permitted and some foreign satellite channels are carried by cable
TV operators; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40
stations; privately-owned radio stations mostly limit programming to
music and talk shows (2007)
Palau
no television broadcast stations; a cable television network
covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a
delayed basis, of a number of US stations as well as access to a
number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio
stations with 1 government-owned (2009)
Panama
multiple privately-owned television networks and a
government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and
satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100
commercial radio stations (2007)
Papua New Guinea
2 television stations, 1 commercial station
operating since the late 1980s and 1 state-run station launched in
2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-run
National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with
multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; several
commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well
as several community stations; transmissions of several
international broadcasters are accessible (2009)
Paraguay
5 privately-owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and
community radio stations broadcasting; 1 state-owned radio network
(2007)
Peru
6 major television networks of which only one, Television
Nacional de Peru, is state-owned; multi-channel cable TV services
are available; more than 500 radio stations including a substantial
number of indigenous language stations (2007)
Philippines
multiple national private TV and radio networks and a
government-operated national TV and radio network; about 300
television stations and more than 1,000 radio stations;
multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems are available (2008)
Pitcairn Islands
no local broadcast television or radio stations
(2009)
Poland
state-run public television operates 2 national channels
supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels;
privately-owned entities operate several national TV broadcast
networks and a number of special interest channels; large number of
privately-owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all
households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems
providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public
radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2
privately-owned national radio networks, several commercial stations
broadcasting to multiple cities, and a large number of
privately-owned local radio stations (2007)
Portugal
the publicly-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 domestic
channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly
40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to
international broadcasters with more than half of all households
connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems;
publicly-owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides
regional and external services; several privately-owned national
radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio
stations (2008)
Puerto Rico
more than 30 television stations operating; cable TV
subscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stations
operating (2007)
Qatar
television and radio broadcast media are state controlled;
home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally
owned and financed by the Qatari Government; Al-Jazeera claims
editorial independence in broadcasting; transmissions of several
international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Doha (2007)
Romania
a mixture of public and private TV stations; the public
broadcaster operates multiple stations; roughly 100 private
national, regional, and local stations operating; more than 75% of
households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV
systems that provide access to Romanian, European, and international
stations; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national
networks and regional and local stations; more than 100 private
radio stations broadcasting (2008)
Russia
6 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1
and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom
maintains a controlling interest in a third national channel;
government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in a
fourth and fifth, while the sixth national channel is owned by the
Moscow city administration; roughly 3,300 national, regional, and
local TV stations operating with over two-thirds completely or
partially controlled by the federal or local governments; satellite
TV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks with
a third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public and
commercial radio stations (2007)
Rwanda
government owns and operates the only TV station;
government-owned and operated Radio Rwanda has a national reach; 9
private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international
broadcasters are available (2007)
Saint Barthelemy
no local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2
via repeater)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
St. Helena has no
local TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to
Ascension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially;
Ascension Island has no local TV station, but has 1 local radio
station and receives relays of broadcasts from 1 St. Helena radio
station; broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service
(BFBS) are available, as well as TV services for the US military;
Tristan da Cunha has 1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV and
radio broadcasts (2007)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
the government operates a national television
network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services
provide access to local and international channels; the government
operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and
privately-owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)
Saint Lucia
3 privately-owned television stations; 1 public
television station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable
TV service is obtainable; a mix of state-owned and privately-owned
broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater
transmission stations (2007)
Saint Martin
1 local TV station; receives television broadcasts from
the Netherlands Antilles; access to about 20 radio stations,
including RFO Guadeloupe radio broadcasts via repeater (2008)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2 television stations with a third
repeater station, all part of the French Overseas Network; has radio
stations on St. Pierre and on Miquelon that are part of the French
Overseas Network (2007)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 television station and 5
repeater stations that give near total coverage to the multi-island
state; multi-channel cable TV service is obtainable; a partially
government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and
has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately-owned radio
stations and repeater stations operate (2007)
Samoa
state-owned television station privatized in 2008; 4
privately-owned television broadcast stations; about a half dozen
privately-owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station;
television and radio broadcasts of several stations from American
Samoa are available (2009)
San Marino
state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and
2 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2008)
Sao Tome and Principe
1 government-owned TV station; 1
government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations
authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2007)
Saudi Arabia
broadcast media are state-controlled; state-run TV
operates 4 networks; Saudi Arabia is a major market for pan-Arab
satellite TV broadcasters; state-run radio operates several
networks; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Senegal
state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS)
operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels
rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or
programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of
regional FM stations; a large number of community and
private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at
least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar
(2007)
Seychelles
the government operates the only terrestrial TV station,
which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from
international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are
available via subscription; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM
radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are
accessible in Victoria (2007)
Sierra Leone
1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV station
began operating in 2005; a pay-per-view TV service began operations
in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio broadcast station;
about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major
cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are
available (2007)
Singapore
state controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stations
operated by MediaCorp, wholly owned by a state investment company;
broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available;
satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service is
accessible; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting with
MediaCorp operating more than a dozen and another 4 stations are
closely linked to the ruling party or controlled by the Singapore
Armed Forces Reservists Association; large number of Malaysian and
Indonesian radio stations are available (2008)
Slovakia
state-owned public broadcaster, Slovak Television (STV),
operates 3 national TV stations; roughly 35 privately-owned
television broadcast stations operating nationally, regionally, and
locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel
cable or satellite TV systems; channels from the Czech Republic and
Hungary are widely viewed; state-owned public radio operates
multiple national and regional networks; more than 20
privately-owned radio stations (2008)
Slovenia
public television broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija
(RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35
domestic commercial television stations operating nationally,
regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to
multi-channel cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 3
national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local
commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is
the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is
available; SIBC, the public service broadcaster, operates 2 national
radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio
stations operating; Radio Australia is obtainable via satellite feed
(2009)
Somalia
2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN;
Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1
private TV station; Radio Mogadishu operated by the transitional
government; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast
in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern
regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station;
Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available
(2007)
South Africa
the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a
private station, is accessible to more than half the population;
multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and
international channels; well developed mix of public and private
radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC
radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent,
operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4
community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100
community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)
Spain
a mixture of both publicly-operated and privately-owned TV and
radio stations broadcasting; overall, hundreds of TV channels are
available including national, regional, local, public, and
international channels; satellite and cable TV systems are
accessible; multiple national radio networks, a large number of
regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations
broadcasting; overall, hundreds of radio stations operating (2008)