government operates 2 television channels and a radio
network; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services
are obtainable; 8 private TV stations and about a dozen private
radio stations in operation (2008)
Sudan
in the north, the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and
radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has
a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in
operation; in southern Sudan, TV is controlled by the regional
government; several private FM stations are operational in southern
Sudan; some foreign radio broadcasts are available (2007)
Suriname
2 state-owned TV stations; 1 state-owned radio station;
multiple private radio and TV stations (2007)
Svalbard
the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began direct
television transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984;
Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 television
stations (2008)
Swaziland
state-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able to
access South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3
channels; 1 private radio station (2007)
Sweden
publicly-owned television broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial
networks plus regional stations; multiple privately-owned television
broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50
local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international
broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV systems;
publicly-owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a
network of 25 regional channels; nearly a hundred privately-owned
local radio stations with some consolidating into near national
networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations
broadcast intermittently (2008)
Switzerland
the publicly-owned radio and television broadcaster,
Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national
television networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2
in French; private commercial television stations broadcast
regionally and locally; television broadcasts from stations in
Germany, Italy, and France are widely accessed using multi-channel
cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 18 radio stations
that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local
coverage (2008)
Syria
state-run television and radio broadcast networks; state
operates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirds
of Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TV
broadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio station
launched in 2005; private radio broadcasters prohibited from
transmitting news or political content (2007)
Taiwan
5 free-to-air nationwide television networks operating
roughly 75 TV stations; about 85% of households utilize
multi-channel cable TV; national and regional radio networks with
about 170 radio stations broadcasting (2008)
Tajikistan
state-run television broadcaster transmits nationally on
4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; about 10 independent TV
stations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are able
to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and
satellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan,
Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number of
independent radio stations also broadcast (2008)
Tanzania
a state-owned TV station and multiple privately-owned TV
stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more
than 40 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several
international broadcasters are available (2007)
Thailand
6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally
via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military,
the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private
enterprise, and are all required to broadcast government-produced
news programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TV
subscription services are available; radio frequencies have been
allotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations;
many small community radio stations operate with low-power
transmitters (2008)
Timor-Leste
1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationally
and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13
administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and
roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)
Togo
2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5
private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is
available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several
dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are obtainable
(2007)
Tokelau
no broadcast television stations; each atoll operates a
radio service that provides shipping news and weather reports (2009)
Tonga
2 state-owned television stations and 2 privately-owned
stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 2
state-owned and 3 privately-owned radio stations; Radio Australia
broadcasts obtainable via a satellite feed (2009)
Trinidad and Tobago
5 TV networks each broadcasting on multiple
stations; one of the networks is state-owned; multiple cable TV
subscription service providers; multiple radio networks, one
state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007)
Tunisia
broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the
state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT)
operates 2 national television networks, several national radio
networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio
stations are privately-owned and report domestic news stories
directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains
control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office
National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to
Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)
Turkey
national public broadcaster Turkish Radio and Television
Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and
stations; multiple privately-owned national television stations and
up to 300 private regional and local television stations;
multi-channel cable TV subcriptions are obtainable; more than 1,000
private radio broadcast stations (2009)
Turkmenistan
broadcast media is government controlled and censored;
4 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishes
and programming provide an alternative to the state-run media;
officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by seizing
satellite dishes (2007)
Turks and Caicos Islands
while there are no local terrestrial TV
stations, broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received; multi-channel
cable and satellite TV services are available; government-run radio
network operates alongside private broadcasters with a total of
about 15 stations broadcasting (2007)
Tuvalu
no television broadcast stations; many households use
satellite dishes to watch foreign TV stations; 1 government-owned
radio station, Radio Tuvalu, includes relays of programming from
international broadcasters (2009)
Uganda
public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC),
operates radio and television networks; Uganda first began licensing
privately-owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150
radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
in Kampala (2007)
Ukraine
TV coverage is provided by Ukraine's state-controlled
nationwide broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately-owned
television broadcast networks; Russian television broadcasts have a
small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and
southern regions; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are
available; Ukraine's radio broadcast market, a mix of independent
and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)
United Arab Emirates
except for the many organizations now operating
in Dubai's Media Free Zone, most television and radio stations
remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides
access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2007)
United Kingdom
public service broadcaster BBC is the largest
broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV
networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of
public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable
systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the
world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio
networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of
commercial radio stations as well as satellite radio services are
available (2008)
United States
4 major terrestrial television networks with affiliate
stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks,
independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that
is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV
stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with large
numbers of affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial,
National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member
stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio
stations operating (2008)
Uruguay
mixture of privately-owned and state-run broadcast media;
more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 television
channels broadcasting; cable TV is available; large number of
community radio and TV stations (2007)
Uzbekistan
government controls media; 8 state-owned broadcasters - 4
TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country;
about 20 privately-owned TV stations, overseen by local officials,
broadcast to local markets; privately-owned TV stations are required
to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and
Radio Industry Corporation and are prohibited from broadcasting
live; about 15 privately-owned radio broadcasters; programming
content includes news updates, music, call-in talk shows, and other
entertainment in a half-Russian, half-Uzbek format mandated for
private radio (2007)
Vanuatu
1 state-owned television station; multi-channel pay TV is
available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2
privately-owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple
international broadcasters is accessible (2008)
Venezuela
government supervises a mixture of state-run and private
broadcast media; 1 state-run television network, 4 privately-owned
TV networks, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-run
radio network includes 15 stations; large number of private
broadcast radio stations (2007)
Vietnam
government controls all broadcast media exercising oversight
through the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC);
government-controlled national television provider, Vietnam
Television (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with several
regional broadcasting centers; programming is relayed nationwide via
a network of provincial and municipal TV stations; law limits access
to satellite TV but many households are able to access foreign
programming via home satellite equipment; government-controlled
Voice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on 6
channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stations
throughout Vietnam (2008)
Virgin Islands
about a dozen television broadcast stations including
1 public TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services
are available; 24 radio stations broadcasting (2009)
Wake Island
American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service
(AFRTS) provides satellite radio/television broadcasts (2009)
Wallis and Futuna
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),
which broadcasts to France's overseas departments and territories,
is carried on the RFO Wallis and Fortuna television and radio
stations (2008)
West Bank
the Palestinian Authority operates 1 television and 1
radio station; about 30 independent TV and 25 radio stations
operating; Jordanian TV is available; satellite TV is accessible
(2008)
Western Sahara
Morocco's state-owned broadcaster, Radio-Television
Marocaine (RTM), operates a radio service from Laayoune and relays
TV service; a Polisario-backed radio station also broadcasts (2008)
Yemen
state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national
radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi
Arabia can be accessed (2007)
Zambia
state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)
operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider;
several private TV stations are available; multi-channel
subscription TV services are obtainable; ZNBC operates 3 radio
networks; about 2 dozen private radio stations also broadcasting;
relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible in
Lusaka and Kitwe (2007)
Zimbabwe
government owns all local radio and television stations;
foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite television are available
to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas,
access to television broadcasts is extremely limited (2007)
======================================================================
@2214
Field Listing :: Stock of narrow money
This entry, also know as "M1," comprises the total quantity of
currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits
denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial
institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public
enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a
specific point in time. National currency units have been converted
to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the
information. Because of exchange rate movements, changes in money
stocks measured in national currency units may vary significantly
from those shown in US dollars, and caution is urged when making
comparisons over time in US dollars. Narrow money consists of more
liquid assets than broad money and the assets generally function as
a "medium of exchange" for an economy.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Stock of narrow money
Afghanistan
$3.943 billion (31 December 2009)
$2.819 billion (31 December 2008)
Albania
$2.708 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$2.995 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Algeria
$79.07 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$68.13 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Angola
$8.74 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$9.792 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Anguilla
$19.03 million (31 December 2009)
$19.57 million (31 December 2008)
Antigua and Barbuda
$233.5 million (31 December 2009)
$266.7 million (31 December 2008)
Argentina
$41.66 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$35.33 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Armenia
$1.131 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.071 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Aruba
$865 million (31 December 2009)
$781 million (31 December 2008)
Australia
$347.1 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$290.8 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Austria
$173.4 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$175.6 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the
entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary
policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU);
individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money
circulating within their own borders
Azerbaijan
$7.34 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$6.519 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bahamas, The
$1.284 billion (31 December 2009)
$1.275 billion (31 December 2008)
Bahrain
$6.372 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$5.74 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bangladesh
$13.98 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$10.92 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Barbados
$1.793 billion (31 December 2009)
$1.748 billion (31 December 2008)
Belarus
$4.747 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.381 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Belgium
$172.9 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$178.7 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro
area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for
the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual
members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating
within their own borders
Belize
$389.5 million (31 December 2010 est)
$336.5 million (31 December 2009 est)
Benin
$1.551 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.619 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bhutan
$335 million (31 December 2008)
$381.1 million (31 December 2007)
Bolivia
$4.374 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$3.524 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$4.098 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.182 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Botswana
$1.146 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$939.1 million (31 December 2009 est)
Brazil
$165.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$125.3 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Brunei
$3.374 billion (30 March 2009)
$3.046 billion (31 December 2008)
Bulgaria
$12.7 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$12.91 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Burkina Faso
$1.416 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.303 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Burma
$4.907 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.038 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: this number reflects the vastly overvalued official exchange
rate of 5.38 kyat per dollar in 2007; at the unofficial black market
rate of 1,305 kyat per dollar for 2007, the stock of kyats would
equal only US$2.465 billion and Burma's velocity of money (the
number of times money turns over in the course of a year) would be
six, in line with the velocity of money for other countries in the
region; in 2009, the unofficial black market rate averaged 1,090
kyat per dollar.
Burundi
$329.3 million (31 December 2010 est)
$293.6 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cambodia
$850.7 million (31 December 2010 est)
$747.2 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cameroon
$2.888 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$3.074 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Canada
$560.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$470.9 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cape Verde
$585 million (31 December 2010 est)
$628.4 million (31 December 2009 est)
Cayman Islands
$334.3 million (31 December 2008)
Central African Republic
$288.8 million (31 December 2009)
$241.3 million (31 December 2008)
Chad
$920.9 million (31 December 2010 est)
$937.8 million (31 December 2009 est)
Chile
$29.81 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$23.68 billion (31 December 2009 est)
China
$3.838 trillion (31 December 2010 est)
$3.242 trillion (31 December 2009 est)
Colombia
$31.83 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$24.41 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Comoros
$104.7 million (31 December 2009)
$98.36 million (31 December 2008)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$613.9 million (31 December 2008)
$597 million (31 December 2007)
Congo, Republic of the
$2.403 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.887 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Costa Rica
$4.504 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$3.992 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cote d'Ivoire
$5.094 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.959 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Croatia
$8.72 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$8.964 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cuba
$11.57 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$11.74 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Cyprus
$4.341 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.602 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: this figure represents the US dollar value of Cypriot pounds
in circulation prior to Cyprus joining the Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in
the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary
policy for the 16 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU
do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own
borders
Czech Republic
$96.82 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$92.95 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Denmark
$148.1 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$153.1 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Djibouti
$577.8 million (31 December 2009)
$462.7 million (31 December 2008)
Dominica
$74.84 million (31 December 2009)
$67.94 million (31 December 2008)
Dominican Republic
$4.734 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.079 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Ecuador
$6.198 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$5.201 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Egypt
$37.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$33.42 billion (31 December 2009 est)
El Salvador
$2.534 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$2.153 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Equatorial Guinea
$1.86 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.295 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Eritrea
$1.382 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.007 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Estonia
$5.345 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$5.822 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Ethiopia
$4.764 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.972 billion (31 December 2009 est)
European Union
$5.542 trillion (31 December 2008)
$5.649 trillion (31 December 2007)
note: this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area,
converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date
indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area
members of the European Union
Fiji
$748 million (31 December 2008)
$1.042 billion (31 December 2007)
Finland
$108 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$110.4 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro
area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for
the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual
members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating
within their own borders
France
$858.6 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$862.3 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro
area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for
the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual
members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating
within their own borders
Gabon
$1.835 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.623 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Gambia, The
$222.9 million (31 December 2010 est)
$210.2 million (31 December 2009 est)
Georgia
$1.175 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.122 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Germany
$1.627 trillion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.681 trillion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro
area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for
the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual
members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating
within their own borders
Ghana
$6.26 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$5.203 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Greece
$152.8 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$172.8 billion (31 December 2009 est)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro
area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for
the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual
members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating
within their own borders
Grenada
$123.1 million (31 December 2009)
$131.7 million (31 December 2008)
Guatemala
$6.6 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$6.13 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Guinea
$496.2 million (31 December 2010 est)
$459.7 million (31 December 2009 est)
Guinea-Bissau
$192.1 million (31 December 2009)
$171.2 million (31 December 2008)
Guyana
$386.9 million (31 December 2010 est)
$252.9 million (31 December 2009 est)
Haiti
$787.2 million (31 December 2010 est)
$800 million (31 December 2009 est)
Honduras
$1.296 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$1.564 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Hong Kong
$84.88 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$75.49 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Hungary
$28.67 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$30.25 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Iceland
$4.413 billion (31 December 2010 est)
$4.438 billion (31 December 2009 est)