verb must of course appear before the Subject Lamartine. +~Louis
Alphonse Lamartine~ erregte zunächst durch seine zarten Jugenddichtungen
in den zwanziger Jahren allgemeine Aufmerksamkeit. Nachdem er durch
den Tod eines Oheims ein bedeutendes Vermögen ererbt hatte, bereiste
er 1832 den Orient, worauf er die politische Laufbahn betrat und
einer der glänzendsten Redner der Deputiertenkammer wurde. Nach der
Februarrevolution von 1848 wurde er Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung
und Minister des Auswärtigen, zog sich jedoch 1851 unzufrieden zurück
und † am 1. März 1869 zu Passy, wo er in dürftigen Verhältnissen
gelebt hatte. ~Isaac Adolphe Crémieux~, Israelit, wurde 1830 Advokat
am Kassationshofe zu Paris, bekämpfte, seit 1842 Mitglied der Kammer,
heftig das Ministerium Guizot und förderte die Reformbewegung. Nach der
Februarrevolution von 1848 ward er Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung,
in der er kurze Zeit das Justizministerium bekleidete. Nach der Wahl
des Prinzen Louis Napoléon zum Präsidenten trat er zur Opposition
über, ward beim Staatsstreich am 2. Dez. 1851 verhaftet, jedoch bald
wieder freigelassen, worauf er sich auf seine Praxis beschränkte. Im
Jahre 1870, nach dem Sturze des Kaiserreichs, nochmals zum Mitglied der
provisorischen Regierung gewählt, hielt er sich zu Gambetta und ward
später Mitglied der Nationalversammlung. ~Alexandre Auguste Ledru Rollin~
ward Advokat, und trat 1844 in die Kammer der Deputierten, nachdem er als
Advokat in vielen politischen Prozessen plaidiert hatte. Er beteiligte
sich lebhaft bei der Reformagitation von 1847, ward 1848 Mitglied der
provisorischen Regierung und Minister des Innern, trat jedoch schon im
Juni desselben Jahres von der Regierung zurück. Im Juni 1849 mußte er
wegen politischer Intriguen nach England fliehen, ward abwesend zur
Deportation verurteilt und lebte seitdem als Mitglied des dortigen
Revolutionskomitees in London. Im Jahre 1857 wurde er mit Mazzini eines
Komplots gegen Napoleon III. eingeklagt und abermals verurteilt, und
kehrte endlich am 26. März 1870 infolge der Erklärung der Republik
und der Amnestie nach Paris zurück, ohne sich aber an den dortigen
Ereignissen hervorragend zu beteiligen.+
[24] made up of, +welcher sich aus ... gebildet hat+; seething, +gährend+.
[25] +Inmitten+, followed by the Gen.
[26] After ‘and’ supply the adv. +so+, which requires the constr. to be
inverted.
[27] search — another. This passage would not read well in a literal
version, which may be altered thus:—Where can we find in the dramatic
annals of the history of the world (comp. n.) a similar _one_ (+einen
gleichen+).
_Section 108._
EXPERIENCE IS THE BEST TEACHER[1].
A French student of (S. 3, N. 2) medicine lodged[2] in the same house in
London with a man in a fever. This poor man was constantly plagued by
the nurse to drink, though[3] he nauseated the insipid liquids that were
presented to him. At last, when she[4] grew more and more importunate, he
whispered in her (S. 43, N. 9, _B_) ear:—“For[5] God’s sake bring me a
salt herring, and I will drink as much _as_ you please[6]!”
The woman indulged[7] him in his request; he devoured the herring, drank
plentifully, underwent[8] a copious perspiration, and recovered[9].
The French student inserted this aphorism[10] in his journal[11]:—“A salt
herring cures[12] an Englishman in a fever.”
On[13] his return to (S. 72, N. 4) France he prescribed the same remedy
to the first patient in a fever[2] to whom he was called.
The patient died; on which[14] the student inserted[15] in his journal
_the_ following note:—“N.B. Though a salt herring cures an Englishman,
it[16] kills a Frenchman.”—W. C. HAZLITT, ANECDOTES.
[1] +Lehrerin+, to agree with ‘experience’, which is feminine in German.
[2] Here place the words ‘in London — fever’; a man in a fever, +ein
Fieberkranker+.
[3] Construe the sentence ‘though — him’ after the following model: +Die
mir gereichten geschmacklosen Getränke widern mich an.+
[4] Here place the adv. ‘at last’; more and more importunate, +immer
zudringlicher+.
[5] +Um Gotteswillen.+
[6] +wollen.+
[7] to indulge a request, +einer Bitte willfahren+.
[8] to undergo a copious perspiration, +in tüchtigen Schweiß geraten+
(str. v.).
[9] +genesen+, str. v.
[10] +Lehrsatz+.
[11] Form a comp. n. of ‘day’ and ‘book’ according to S. 76, N. 22, _C_.
[12] +kurieren+; in a, +vom+.
[13] Say ‘When he had returned to France’.
[14] on which = whereupon.
[15] +schreiben+, after which place ‘following note’.
[16] +so stirbt ein Franzose daran.+
_Section 109._
ON[1] SELF CULTURE.
(From[2] an address delivered to an assemblage of young men at Edinburgh.)
I[3] stand before you a self-educated man. My education was[4] that
which was supplied at the humble parish schools of Scotland; and _it
was_ only[5] when I[6] went to Edinburgh, a poor boy, _that_ I devoted
my evenings, after the labours of the day, to the cultivation of[7] that
intellect which the Almighty has given me. From seven or eight in the
morning till nine or ten at night[8], was I at[9] _my_ business as _a_
bookseller’s apprentice[10], and[11] _it was_ only during hours after
these, stolen from sleep, _that_ I could devote myself to study. I assure
you that I did not read novels[12]; my attention was devoted[13] to
physical science and other useful matters[14]. During[15] that period I
taught myself French. I look back[16] to that time with great pleasure,
and am almost sorry I have not to go[17] through the same troubles again.
I[18] reaped more pleasure when I had not a sixpence in my pocket,
studying in a garret in Edinburgh, than I now find when sitting amidst
all the elegancies and comforts of a parlour.—WILLIAM CHAMBERS.
[1] +Über Selbstbildung.+
[2] +Aus+; to deliver an address to an assemblage, +vor einer Versammlung
eine Rede halten+; young men, +junge Leute+.
[3] I — man. This sentence does not allow of a literal rendering; say
‘You see before you a man who has educated himself’ (+sich selbst bilden
or aus´bilden+).
[4] was — Scotland = was such as (it) (+eine solche, wie sie+) is given
(+erteilen+) at (_in_) a simple Scottish village-school.
[5] =The adverb ‘only’, when used in reference to time, is turned by
‘+erst+’, but in references to number by ‘+nur+’=; as—
This man has _only_ (but) one coat.
+Dieser Mann hat ~nur~ einen Rock.+
It is _only_ one o’clock.
+Es ist ~erst~ ein Uhr.+
[6] when — boy = when I, a poor boy, came to (S. 72, N. 4) Ed.
[7] Construe the clause ‘of — me’ according to S. 48, N. 6; intellect,
+Geist+.
[8] ‘at night’, here +abends+, since +Nacht+ applies only to the hours
between 11 P.M. and 5 A.M.
[9] at = in, contracted with the Dat. of the def. art.
[10] Supply here +thätig+ (engaged).
[11] Say ‘and only during the later (+später+) hours, which I stole from
sleep (+dem Schlafe ab´stehlen+), could I’, etc.
[12] +Roman+, m.
[13] +auf naturwissenschaftliche Studien ... gerichtet.+
[14] +Gegenstand+, m.
[15] ‘During that period’ may be briefly rendered by +damals+; to teach
oneself German, +ohne Lehrer Deutsch studieren+.
[16] +zurück´blicken.+
[17] to go through troubles, +Beschwerden durch´machen+; again, +noch
einmal+. For the constr. see App. § 19.
[18] Say ‘When (S. 4, N. 2) I had no sixpence (+Sechspfennigstück+,
n.) in my pocket and studied in a garret in E., I felt (+sich fühlen+)
happier than now, when (+da+) I sit in an elegant and comfortable
(+behaglich+) parlour’.
_Section 110._
GOETHE’S[1] DEATH.
I.
The[2] following morning—it was the 22nd March 1832—he tried to[3] walk a
little up and down the room, but[4] after a turn, he found[5] himself too
feeble to continue. Reseating[6] himself in the easy chair, he chatted
cheerfully with Ottilie [(S. 53, N. 9) his daughter-in-law] on[7] the
approaching spring, which would[8] be sure to restore him. He[9] had no
idea of his end being so near. The name _of_ Ottilie was frequently on
his lips. She sat beside him, holding[10] his hand in both of hers. It
was now observed that his thoughts began to wander[11] incoherently.
“See,” he exclaimed, “the lovely woman’s head, with black curls, in
splendid colours—a[12] dark background!” Presently[13] he saw a piece of
paper on the floor, and asked _them_ how[14] they could leave Schiller’s
letters so carelessly lying about. Then[15] he slept softly, and, on[16]
awakening, asked[17] for the sketches[18] (S. 16, N. 10) he had just
seen—the[19] sketches of his dream.
[1] +~Johann Wolfgang von Göthe~, geboren den 22. August 1749 zu
Frankfurt a/M., gestorben den 22. März 1832 zu Weimar, kann wohl
mit Recht der universalste Genius seiner Zeit genannt werden, deren
Litteratur er unbestritten beherrschte. Er war Dichter, Biograph,
Naturforscher, Altertumsforscher, Kritiker, Ästhetiker und Staatsmann. In
fast allen poetischen Gattungen zeigte er sich als vollendeter Künstler,
am bedeutendsten aber war er als Lyriker. Er hinterließ einen einzigen
Sohn, dessen Frau (Ottilie) unten erwähnt wird.+
[2] +Am nächsten Morgen.+
[3] +im Zimmer auf- und ab´gehen.+
[4] but — turn = but already after _a_ few steps.
[5] +sich fühlen+; ‘to continue’ may be briefly rendered by +dazu+.
[6] After he had seated himself again, etc.
[7] +über+.
[8] would be sure = would surely (see App. §§ 28 and 30).
[9] He — near = He had no idea of it (+davon+), that his end was so near.
[10] +und hielt seine Hand mit beiden Händen umschlossen+.
[11] +umher´irren+.
[12] a = upon a.
[13] Then.
[14] +warum man Schillers Briefe so sorglos herumliegen lasse.+
[15] Hereupon.
[16] +beim Erwachen+.
[17] +forderte er.+
[18] +Bilder.+
[19] the — dream, +seine Traumbilder+.
_Section 111._
GOETHE’S DEATH.
II.
In silent anguish they[1] now awaited the close now so surely approaching
(S. 48, N. 6). His speech was becoming less and less distinct. The last
words audible[2] were: “More Light!” The final[3] darkness[4] grew apace,
and he[5] whose eternal longings had been for more light, gave a parting
cry for it as he was passing under the shadow of death.
He continued to express himself by signs, drawing[6] letters[7] with his
forefinger in the air, while he[8] had strength, and finally, as life
(S. 3, N. 2) ebbed[9], drawing[10] figures slowly on the shawl which
covered his legs. At[11] half-past twelve he composed[12] himself in the
corner of the easy chair. His faithful watcher[13] placed a finger on
her lips to intimate that he was asleep[14]. It was a sleep in which a
life glided[15] from the world. He[16] woke no more.—G. H. LEWES, LIFE OF
GOETHE.
[1] they = his friends, +die Seinen+.
[2] In ordinary prose adjectives qualifying a noun should precede it.
[3] final = last.
[4] +Dunkel+ (n.) +stieg hernieder+.
[5] he — death = he who had always longed (+sich sehnen+) for (+nach+)
more light, cried still parting for it (+danach+) when the night of death
overshadowed him.
[6] =The conjunction +indem+ with a finite verb is frequently employed
for rendering the English Participle in -ing used in adverbial clauses of
manner=; as—
_Supporting_ himself on her arm he slowly ascended the stairs.
+~Indem~ er sich auf ihren Arm ~stützte~, stieg er langsam die
Treppe hinauf.+
[7] +Buchstaben+, which place after ‘forefinger’.
[8] After ‘he’ insert the adverb +noch+.
[9] +dahin´fluten+.
[10] drew he slowly figures (+Zahlen+), etc.
[11] +Um halb eins.+
[12] to compose oneself in the corner, +sich ruhig in die Ecke
zurück´legen+.
[13] +Wärterin.+
[14] Use the Present of the Subj. App. § 28 and § 30.
[15] +scheiden+; from, +aus+.
[16] Say ‘Goethe’ instead of ‘he’; woke = awoke; no more, +nicht wieder+.
_Section 112._
ON TRAVELLING (S. 3, N. 2).
I[1] wish folks[2] in general would keep their eyes a little more open
when they travel by rail[3]. When I see young people rolling along in a
luxurious[4] carriage, absorbed (S. 102, N. 3) in a trashy[5] shilling
novel[6], and[7] never lifting up their eyes to look out of the window,
unconscious[8] of all that[9] they are passing;—of[10] the reverend
antiquities, the admirable[11] agriculture, the rich _and_ peaceful
scenery[12], the[13] like of which no other country upon earth can show
(App. § 18); unconscious[14], too, _of_ how much they might[15] learn
_of_ botany _and_ geology, by[16] simply watching the flowers along
the railway banks, and the sections[17] in the cuttings[18];—then it
grieves me to see what[19] little use people make of the eyes and the
understanding which God has given them. They complain of[20] a dull[21]
journey: but[22] it is not the journey which is dull; it[23] is they who
are dull. Eyes[24] have they, and see not; ears have they, and hear not;
mere[25] dolls in smart clothes, too many of them, like the idols of the
heathen.—CHARLES KINGSLEY, TOWN GEOLOGY.
[1] +Ich möchte wohl.+
[2] Say ‘(the) people (+die Leute+) would use (Imperf. Subj. of
+brauchen+, App. § 32) in general the eyes a little more’, etc.
[3] +mit der Eisenbahn reisen.+
[4] luxurious = splendid; for the rendering of the verbs in this passage
consult S. 78, N. 14, and for their position, App. § 19; to roll along,
+dahin´rollen+.
[5] +schlecht.+
[6] Form comp. n. according to S. 76, N. 22, _B_.
[7] and — eyes = so that they never lift up their eyes. This constr. is
necessary to avoid a repetition of participles.
[8] +nichts ahnend.+
[9] +woran sie vorüberfahren.+
[10] Say ‘nothing of’.
[11] excellent.
[12] landscape.
[13] the — which = as, +wie sie+ (grammatical object); comp. S. 51, N. 13.
[14] +auch nicht einmal ahnend.+
[15] I might learn much of botany, +ich könnte viel Botanik lernen+. The
subject ‘they’ place after ‘geology’ and before the two verbs.
[16] by — watching = if they would only watch (+beobachten+); along —
banks = on (+an+) the sides of the railway.
[17] +Bahnprofil+, n.
[18] +Durchstich+, m. The two verbs must, of course, stand at the end of
the whole passage.
[19] +wie wenig+, little (denoting quantity).
[20] +über+, with Acc.
[21] dull = wearisome, +langweilig+.
[22] but — dull = but not the journey is dull.
[23] +sie selbst sind es+ (Comp. S. 104, N. 19).
[24] The inverted constr. would not read well here; use therefore the
ordinary constr.
[25] are nothing but (+als+) dolls in fine clothes, and like (+gleich+,
with Dat.) the idols (+Götzenbilder+) of the heathens are _there_ too
many of them (+sind ihrer zu viele+).
_Section 113._
THE MANAGEMENT[1] OF THE BODY.
I have nothing new to say upon the management which the body requires[2].
The common rules are the best:—exercise without fatigue; generous[3]
living without excess; early rising, and moderation in sleeping. These
are the apothegms[4] of old women; but if they are not attended to[5],
happiness[6] becomes (App. § 15) so extremely difficult that[7] very few
_persons_ can attain[8] to it. In[9] this point of view, the care[10] of
the body becomes a[11] subject of elevation and importance. A walk in
the fields, an hour’s[12] less sleep, may[13] remove all these bodily
vexations[14] and disquietudes which are such formidable enemies to[15]
virtue; they may enable[16] the mind[17] to pursue[18] its own resolves
without that constant train[19] of temptations to resist, and[20]
obstacles to overcome, which[21] it always experiences from the bad
organisation of its companion.—SIDNEY SMITH.
[1] treatment.
[2] +bedürfen+, govern. the Gen.
[3] strengthening food.
[4] +Lebensregeln.+
[5] to attend to, +beobachten+, v. tr.
[6] the acquisition of happiness.
[7] Insert the adv. ‘only’ after ‘that’.
[8] I cannot attain to it, +ich kann es nicht erlangen+ (v. tr.).
[9] In — view, +Von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus betrachtet+, after which
follows the verb (App. § 14).
[10] +Pflege+, f.
[11] Say ‘a grand (+erhaben+) and important subject’.
[12] an hour.
[13] can perhaps.
[14] disturbances and troubles, +Störungen und Beschwerden+.
[15] Use the noun with the Gen. of the def. art.
[16] +befähigen+, v. tr.
[17] mind = soul.
[18] +folgen+, with Dat.
[19] ‘train’, here = host, +Heer+, n.; of, von; to resist, +widerstehen+,
govern. the Dat.
[20] Supply here ‘those’.
[21] the acquaintance of which (+deren+) the soul always owes
(+verdanken+, govern. the Dat.) to the defective organisation of its
companion.
_Section 114._
THE SOURCES[1] OF WATER.
There[2] are many sources of water. The first great source[3] is the
ocean, which collects all _the_ water from[4] the earth; this water
contains so large a quantity _of_ salt, that none[5] of us can drink
it. The sun, however, bears[6] down upon the ocean’s surface, and its
heating[7] rays penetrating[8] the water, combine, as[9] it were, with
it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_), and[10] raise it up. The atmosphere (S. 5, N.
2), like[11] a sponge, absorbs the[12] vaporous water, carrying[13] it
from the Equator to[14] the Arctic and the Antarctic regions; thus[15]
distributing it north and south. It then condenses in the form of rain
and _of_ snow. When it sinks into the earth and pours down the[16]
mountain sides, it forms springs and rivulets, entering[17] (S. 16, N.
4) the ocean again in[18] the form of rivers. Man catches[19] it in tubs
and cisterns, draws[20] it from[21] the rivers, or digs down[22] into
the earth, and catches[23] it as it passes[24] along beneath his feet.
Thus[25] we have rain water, river water, and spring or well water.—DR.
LANKESTER.
[1] Here +Urquellen+.
[2] The water has many sources.
[3] great = chief; form a comp. n.
[4] To render ‘from the’ use the Gen. of the def. art.
[5] none of us = nobody.
[6] bears down upon = shines.
[7] +erwärmend.+
[8] penetrating = penetrate, +durchdrin´gen+, insep. comp. str. v.
[9] as it were, +gleichsam+.
[10] and draw it upward.
[11] +wie.+
[12] +das verdunstete Wasser.+
[13] carries it.
[14] +nach den nördlichen und südlichen Polargegenden.+
[15] and distributes it north and southward. Comp. S. 71, N. 2, the
principle stated there applying likewise to other compound expressions
besides nouns.
[16] the = on (+an+) the.
[17] to enter again the ocean, +dem Ozean wieder zuströmen+.
[18] in the form of = as, which place after the rel. pron.
[19] +auf´fangen+, sep. c. str. v.
[20] to draw water, +Wasser schöpfen+.
[21] +aus.+
[22] down = deep.
[23] +sammeln.+
[24] ‘to pass along’, here +dahin´fließen+.
[25] +Auf diese Weise.+
_Section 115._
THE ART OF ORATORY.
I[1] owe my success in life to one single fact[2], namely:—At[3] the age
of twenty-seven[4] I commenced, and continued for years, the process of
daily speaking (S. 34, N. 10) upon the contents of some historical or
scientific book. These efforts[5] were made sometimes in a corn-field[6],
at others[7] in the forest, and not unfrequently in some distant[8] barn,
with[9] _the_ horse and ox for my auditors. It[10] is this early practice
in the _great_ art of all arts that I am indebted for the primary and
leading impulses that stimulated me forward, and shaped and moulded my
entire subsequent[11] destiny. Improve[12], then, the superior advantages
(S. 16, N. 10) you here enjoy[13]. Let not[14] a day pass[15] without
exercising (S. 34, N. 10) your powers[16] of speech. There is (S. 82, N.
7) no power like[17] that of oratory. Cæsar controlled[18] men by[19]
exciting their fears; Cicero[20] by[21] captivating their affection and
swaying their passions. The influence of the one perished[22] with its
author; that of the other continues[23] to this day.—HENRY CLAY[24].
[1] To avoid beginning with the pronoun ‘=I=’, which seldom looks well in
German, and is considered bad style in letters, place the object first,
and construe according to App. § 14.
[2] =fact = deed or action = +That+=, f.; =fact = event= (as in this
instance) = +=Thatsache=+, f.; =the Latin +Factum+=, pl. =+Facta+ or
+Facten+ is, however, used in both significations=.
[3] At the, +Im+.
[4] Supply ‘years’, and construe thus: I began the process (+Verfahren+,
n.), which I continued for years (+jahrelang+) to speak daily about
(+über+, with Acc.), etc.; some = a.
[5] efforts = exercises.
[6] Here place the verb.
[7] +zuweilen.+
[8] +entlegen.+
[9] whereby horse and ox formed my audience (+Zuhörer+).
[10] It — forward = To this early practice ... I owe the first
and leading impulses (+Triebfedern+) which urged me forward
(+vor´wärtstreiben+, sep. comp. str. v.).
[11] subsequent = later.
[12] Improve = Use, which use in the 2nd pers. pl.; then = therefore;
superior = great.
[13] +genießen.+
[14] ‘Not’ in connection with the indef. art. must generally be rendered
by ‘no’.
[15] +vorü´bergehen.+
[16] +Redetalent+, n.
[17] +welche der der Beredsamkeit gleichkommt.+
[18] +beherrschen.+
[19] +durch Erregung+; render ‘their’ by the Gen. of the def. art.
[20] Supply here ‘controlled them’ (+beherrschte sie dadurch, daß er+
...). Comp. and read carefully S. 87, N. 6, and also S. 1, N. 3. The verb
+beherrschen+ requires the preposition +durch+.
[21] by — passions = that he gained (+sich gewinnen+) their love and
guided (+lenken+) their passions.
[22] +erstarb+; its author = the author of the same (to agree with
‘influence’).
[23] +fort´dauern+, sep. c. w. v.; to this day, +bis auf den heutigen
Tag+.
[24] +~Henry Clay~ (geb. 1777 in Virginien, † 1852 in Washington) war
ein amerikanischer Staatsmann, welcher sich als Sohn eines einfachen
Landmannes bis zu den höchsten Ämtern des Staats heraufarbeitete; 1824
ward er zum Staatssekretär des Auswärtigen ernannt und 1829 war er unter
Jacksons Präsidentschaft im Kongreß Führer der Opposition, als welcher er
die Schutzzölle und die Nationalbank verteidigte. Im Jahre 1849 brachte
er den Kompromiß zustande, wonach dem Süden das Recht der Verfolgung
flüchtiger Sklaven durch das Gebiet der Union eingeräumt ward.+
_Section 116._
EARLY PRIVATIONS[1].
Admiral Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent, tells us the[1] story of his early
struggles, and, among[2] other things, of his determination (S. 1, N.
2) to[3] keep out of debt. “My father had a very large family,” said
he, “with limited means. He gave me twenty pounds (S. 58, N. 3) at[4]
starting, and that was all (S. 3, N. 7) he ever[5] gave me. After I had
been a considerable time at[6] the station at sea I[7] drew for twenty
more, but the bill came[8] back protested. I[9] was mortified[10] at this
rebuke, and made[11] a promise, which I have ever[12] kept, that[13]
I would never draw another bill without[14] a certainty of its being
paid. I immediately changed my mode of living, quitted[15] my mess[16],
lived[17] alone, and[18] took up the ship’s allowance, which I found
quite sufficient; washed and mended[19] my own clothes; made a pair _of_
trousers out _of_ the ticking of my bed[20], and, having (S. 55, N. 1)
by[21] these means saved as much money as[22] would redeem my honour, I
took[23] up my bill. From (S. 102, N. 4) that time to this I[24] have
taken care to[25] keep within my means.”
Jervis (S. 5, N. 2) for six years endured pinching[26] privation, but
preserved his integrity, studied his profession with success, and
gradually rose[27] by merit and bravery to the highest rank.—S. SMILES,
SELF-HELP.
[1] Early Privations, +Jugendentbehrungen+; the story — struggles. This
passage, literally rendered, is not clear in German, and should be turned
thus: of (+von+) the struggles with privations, which he had to go
through (+bestehen+), when he was a youth (+als Jüngling+, which place
after the subject ‘he’).
[2] among other things = +unter anderem+.
[3] +sich von Schulden freihalten.+
[4] at starting, +beim Beginn meiner Laufbahn+; see App. § 9.
[5] +je+; for the position of the pronoun ‘me’ see App. § 9, and use the
verb in the Perfect, omitting, however, the auxiliary according to App. §
22.
[6] +auf meinem Posten zur See.+
[7] I — more = I drew another (+noch ein+) bill of twenty pounds. To draw
a bill, +einen Wechsel ziehen+.
[8] to come back protested, +mit Protest wieder zurück´kommen+.
[9] I felt (+sich fühlen+).
[10] mortified = humbled, +gedemütigt+; at, +durch+.
[11] ‘to make a promise’, here +ein Gelübde ablegen+.
[12] ever = always, +stets+.
[13] that — bill. This clause is best changed into a shortened
subordinate clause in form of a supine: never to draw a bill again. Place
‘again’ after ‘never’.
[14] without — paid, +ohne auch sicher zu sein, daß man ihn honorieren
würde+.
[15] ‘To quit’, here to give up.
[16] +Offizierstisch.+
[17] To live, equivalent to _reside_ or _dwell_, is generally rendered by
+=wohnen=+; but equivalent to _exist_ is rendered by +=leben=+.
[18] +und hielt mich an die Schiffsrationen+; quite, +durchaus+.
[19] here +flicken+.
[20] bed = bed-covering; Comp. n. S. 36, N. 7, _A_.
[21] by these means = in (+auf+) this manner.
[22] as — honour = in order to redeem (+wieder ein´lösen+) my honour.
[23] to take up one’s bill, +seinen Wechsel bezahlen+.
[24] Say ‘I have always endeavoured’.
[25] to keep within one’s means, +nicht über seine Mittel hinaus leben+;
for six years, +sechs Jahre lang+.
[26] We would use the superlative here; pinching, +drückend+.
[27] ‘to rise’, here +empor´steigen+; to, +bis zu+, contracted with the
Dat. of the def. art.
_Section 117._
THE BLESSEDNESS[1] OF FRIENDSHIP.
I.