Muenzer, Thomas, intolerance of, 171
Muratori, Doellinger's study of, 387
on evangelists, 419
papal biographies by, 559
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148
Murder (_see also_ Assassination, Heretics, and Persecution), on plea
of religion, attitude to, of Rome, 138, 139, 140, 147
Muretus, 101; famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 130
Muzio, the _Decamerone_ recommended to students by, 215
in favour with Pius V., 214-15
letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation
of Huguenots, 143
Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition, 214-15
Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots, 119
edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI., 147;
inconsistency, 170;
remarks on, 260
Napoleon I., causes of his downfall, 281, 284
new power called into existence by, 281
question respecting the durability of his institutions, 238
_cited_ on importance of results, 221
_cited_ on quality of endurance in English nation, 66
Napoleon III., ambition of, 316
and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council, 504
Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with, 105
National character, influence of, on events, units of, 557
claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance, 295
Nationality, essay on, 270
auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution, 276
denial of, what it implies, 297
evolution of, three stages in, 284-5;
and definition of, in its final form, 285
idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty, 59
modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of, 297
historical importance of, its two chief causes, 298, 299
how awakened in Europe, 273, 275, 276;
its parentage, 277, 286, 287;
how first seen, 278, 281, 286
mission of, in the world, 300
more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism, 300
political character and value of, discussed, 280 _et seq._
a retrograde step in history, 298
rights of, and greatest adversary of, 297
some of its first supporters, 281-2
a subversive theory, 273
summing up of, 287-8
political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation, 243
the true, 294, 295
Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding, 289 _et seq._
Naude, basis of his apology for Charles IX., 147
Navarre, Henry, King of, later Henry IV., King of France, 44
marriage of, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes, 105,
109, 111, 128;
real facts regarding, 131-3;
representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother, 135;
dissolution of, by Paul V., 114
murder of, schemed as a good deed, 139
and the proposed league of Protestant defence, 145
Navarre, Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in
France, 109, and _see_ Marriage, under Navarre, Henry, King of
Neander, rank of, 421
special gifts of, 555
unconventionally of, 384
Nelson, 592
Netherlands (_see also_ Holland _and_ Low Countries), deposition of
Philip II., and establishment of republic, 44
republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press, 50
Nevers, Duke of (Lewis Gonzaga), high station of, 128
share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110;
his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion, 122;
praises of, by Capilupi, 129
Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, 573, 592, 593
distinction drawn between Pope and Court, 417
Doellinger's early appreciation of, 395;
intercourse with, 402
Napoleon III. not condemned by, 413
theory of development different from Doellinger's, 407-8
_cited_ on papal authority, 423
Nicholas I., 431
Niebuhr, 581;
association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini, 59
Doellinger's gratitude to, 393
Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility, 515;
opposed to discussion of, 501
Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at, 143
Nippold, rank of Doellinger estimated by, 386
Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity, 227
Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence, 285
Nuremberg, Anabaptists at, 157
Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to, 76
Odescalchi, character of, 433
OEcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government, 176-7
Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican
Council, 504
Orange, Prince of (William the Silent), 44
alliance made with, by Charles IX., 105
declaration for (1572), of province of Holland, 103
Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results, 116, 141
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120
_Origines de la France Contemporaine_, 569
Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility, 228,
316, 515, 523, 524
at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500
patriotism of (1862), 445
permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop
of Mechlin, 537
promotion of Vatican Council by, 493
unacknowledged agreement with Doellinger, 316
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at, 124
Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848., 590
Orsi, Doellinger's tribute to, 387
Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions, 137;
Charles IX.'s representations to him, 138
Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of, 438
Osiander, Andreas, _cited_ on toleration, 157
Ossat, D' 114 & _note_
Overbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus, 420
Oxford movement, Doellinger told of, by Brewer. 402
Wiseman's influence on, 438
Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope, 518
Paine, Thomas, 585;
citation of, from _Rights of Man_, on the confusion of political
forms with political liberty, 238
Pallavicini, Theiner on, 431
Panhellenism, 284
Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX., 125
Panslavism, rise of, 284
Papacy, the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy, 355
based on organic development, 321-4
and the Byzantine Empire, 353
extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the, 267
future of, 367-70
government of, reform in, 363-5
reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Doellinger on, 365
removal to France, a challenge to schism, 370
temporal power of, _see_ Temporal power
Papal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna, 283
See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of, 256
struggle with the Franciscans, 552
Papinian, _cited_ on political progress, 79
Paramo, 428
Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots, 116, 117
attitude after the murder of Coligny and Massacre of St. Bartholomew
in, 106, 126, _and see both heads_
France governed by, during revolution of 1789, 88
Mendoca's praise of its Catholic inhabitants, 124
Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., 526
career of, 526
character of, 326
French representation on Vatican Council urged by, 505
on Papal infallibility, 532
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
university of, and the Inquisition, 570
Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, 558
Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, 578
government, primitive republicanism the germ of, 32
Parma, centre of historical work, 387
(1862) nationality in, 292
Partition of Poland, _see under_ Poland
Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
_cited_ on varying standards of right and wrong, 220
Passaglia, fame of, 413
on papal liberty, 313
reputation of, 502
Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and
philosophers, 47, 48
taught by Luther, 156, 161, 180;
asserted by Calvin, 180-81
_Patrie_, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome,
439, 443, 444, 445;
his reply, 439
Paul, Father, 432
Paul III., Pope (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, 214;
letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, 217
Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, 114
Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, 105;
alarmist views on, held by Salvati, 110
Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, 155, 156
& _note_, 162
Pegna, Arragonese origin of, 558, 560
character of works of, 428
Pelleve, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre
of Huguenots, 111
Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, 69
Penn, William, 410;
follower of doctrine of toleration, 84
Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, 556
Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, 84
People, _see also_ Democracy _and_ Will of the People
sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, 277
wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French
Revolution as to, 271
Percin, authority on the Inquisition, 554
German ignorance of, 428
Peresius, on Bible inspiration, 514
Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of
Philip II. of Spain, 104
Pericles and democracy, 9, 68
effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in
politics, 10
Perronne, on biblical critics, 514
on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
hostility to Passaglia, 413
rank of, 417
Persecution, attitude to, of Marsilius, 562
by Catholics, principles of, 168-170, 186
by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds, 186
mediaeval, justification of, 254
method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities, 250
natural stage in the progress of society, 250
Protestant theory of, 150;
the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of, 574
reasons for and against, as a political principle, 252
some noted supporters of, 570
Spain and Sweden contrasted, 170
two propositions regarding, 572-3
Persian wars, influence of, 67
Persians, makers of history, 240
Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion, 591, 592
Doellinger's early study of, 379
Doellinger's gratitude to, 393
Morris of Exeter advised to read, 380
Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by, 185
Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 109
mysticism of, 376
Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots, 104
the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by, 116-17
orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners, 142
revolt against, of the Netherlands, 44
Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on, 420
on customs of the Essenes, 26
Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by, 48
schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised, 270-71
Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148
Piedmontese government and the Papacy, 368-9
Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution, 584-5
Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V., 138
Pitra, influence of, in France, 404
Pius IV., Pope, Bull _Multiplices inter_, published by, 520-25
Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots, 141
denunciatory letter from, to court of France, 110
patron of Muzio, 214-15
previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied
to, 130-31
strong anti-Protestant views of, 138-9
on the peace of St. Germains, 105
Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by, 323
influence on Doellinger, 402
_cited_ on Papal authority, 323
Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by, 519
Archbishop of Paris rebuked by, 526
brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer, 481-5
character of, described by Doellinger, 365-6
confidence in the support of the bishops at the discussion of Papal
infallibility, 523-4
on Doellinger's _Kirche und Kirchen_, 415
on the infallibility of the Pope, 496
personal popularity of, 497
quarrel with Russia, 493
reform of excommunication laws, 531
treatment of Doellinger, 411
Vatican Council convened and prepared for by, 492-511
obstinacy in management of Vatican Council, 532
reforms of, 402
refusal of permission to Theiner to publish acts of Council of Trent, 431
and Vatican Council, Doellinger's estimate of, 431
veneration of, spell broken by protesting bishops, 531
Planck, Moehler's address to, 378
Plantagenet, house of, claims backed by Rome against house of Bruce, 35
Plantier, authority on Louis Philippe, 402
Platen, diaries of, description of Doellinger's early studies in, 375
Plato, _Laws_, 22
on class interests, 69, 71
opinions of, 71
not without perverted notions of morality, 18
_Republic_ of, 270
Plebeians, Roman, struggle with aristocracy, 13, 14
Plotinus, ideal society of, 270
Plutarch, religious knowledge of, 406
Poland, 105;
Anjou as candidate for throne of, 105;
prospects of, after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144
an exception to common law of dynastic States, 274;
and why, 275;
the consequence, the partition, 275
extinction of, 283
government of, and the Reformation, 43
partition of, awakening theory of nationality in Europe, 275
religious toleration in sixteenth century, 103
republic of, nature, 49
Socinians in, Beza's hostility to, 146
wrath in, at the Huguenot massacres, 120
Pole, Cardinal, _Il Principe_ brought to notice of, 214
_cited_ on political scruples, 219
Polish exiles, why always champions of national movements, 286
Protestants, strength and unity of, 103
revolution, causes united in, 284
Political corruption, Hamilton's paradox on, 581
disorders, distribution supersedes concentration of power as remedy
against, under Solon, 7
equality at Athens, 68
forms, confusion with popular rights, 238
freedom inherently absent in France, 237-40
habits and ideas special to particular nations, varying in the
national history, 297
intelligence, not culture, the test of a conquering race, 242
liberty in modern times the fruit of self-government, 253
life a sign of true patriotism, 293
opposition to Vatican Council, absence of, 511
power should be in proportion to public service, 8
observance of this principle at Athens, 8
principles, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458
science, America's rank in, its exponents, 578
theory of nationality in contradiction with the historic notion, 243
thoughts on the Church, 188
Politics, attitude to, of the best Americans, 578
conscience in, expedient elasticity of, 212-14
contemporary, Doellinger's part in, 400-403
honesty in, approved by great men, 219-23;
not always expedient, 219-21;
opinions of Pope Clement, 214;
Machiavelli, 212;
Michelet, 213;
Molino, 213;
Sarpi, 213;
Soto, 213
laws of, rest on experience, 391
liberty highest end of, 22, 23, 24
Machiavellian, tribute to, 219
principles of, high teaching regarding, in Plato's _Laws_ and
Aristotle's _Polities_, 22
retribution in, 220-23
science of, impartial study, unknown in seventeenth century, 43-46;
impartial study originated by Grotius, 46
Politics and science, authority of, now re-established, extent of, 453;
discoveries and principles of, how generally judged, 454
Polygamy, attitude of reformers to, 159, 160
Pontiac, price on head of, 213
Pope, the, and the court, Lamennais's distinction between, 464-5
intervention of, between state and sovereign, 257
Popes, the (Medicean), unofficial countenance of Machiavelli, 214
Popular rights, confusion of political forms with, 238
Population, masses of, not benefited by liberty of subject, 94
relief of, aim of modern democracy, 95
Porrette, Marguerite, 558, 568
Portugal, lay representative of, on Vatican Council, 507
Postel, 382
Potomac, army of, 579
Praetorius, 432
Presbyterianism, democratic element in, 81, 82
Doellinger's sketch of, 336-7
Prescott, W., 569
Press, freedom of, in Netherlands Republic inaugurated reign of law, 50
Principles, false, place of, in social life of nations, 272
political, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458
touchstone and watershed of, 454
Principles and interests, relative importance of, 449
Priscillian, fate of, Lea's view on, 572
Property, liberty and connection between, 54
Protagoras _cited_, 70
Protestant authorities, use made of, by the Ultramontanes, 451-2
Church government, agitation for reform in Prussia, 347
establishment, its views on government, 260
Reformers, _see_ Reformers
"Protestant Theory, The, of Persecution," 150, & _see_ 254, 255, 576
involved in Luther's teaching, 164
developed by Melanchthon, 164 _et seq._
carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172
carried out by Calvin, 178;
and defended by Beza, 183
continued in Massachusetts, 187
characteristics of, 168-70
failure of, 187
Zwinglian varieties of, 174 _et seq._
Protestantism, aversion of, to freedom, 240
and the civil power, 150, 159, 161, 181
decline of, in Northern Europe, Doellinger's description of, 342-51
Doellinger's survey of, 302-303
final acceptance by, of toleration, 187
friendly feeling of Doellinger towards, 396-7
growth of, 325-52
and the later mediaeval sects, essential difference between, 271
never successful in France, 595
toleration as, cause and effect of its decline, 255
Protestants, the, _see also_ Huguenots and Lutherans
as cats' paws of France against Spain, 105-16
ordinance of Louis XIV. against, and their action, 50
position and apparent prospects of (1572), 102
English, unanimity amongst, 189
Polish, unity and strength among, 103
Provincial massacres of Huguenots, 105
Prussia, nationality shown in the opposition to Napoleon I., 281
Prynne, on study of records, 393
Pufendorf, expositor of Grotius' doctrines, 46
Purgatory, release from (_see_ Indulgences), obtainable from the Pope,
belief in, 495
Puritans in America, intolerance of, 187
Pusey, Dr., Doellinger's letters to, 395-6
in favour of Vatican Council, 493
Puygaillard, mission of, to ensure provincial massacres of Huguenots,
118 _note_, 119
Pythagoras, an advocate of government by aristocracy, 21
Quetelet, 589
Quicherat and other authorities on Joan of Arc, 558
Quinet, cause to which he attributes the breakdown of the French
Revolution, 595
Radowitz, Doellinger's debt to, 402
potential liberality of, 414
_Rambler, The_, 447
Rambouillet, French Ambassador at Rome, 136
Ranke, Leopold von, calm indifference of historical deductions of, 390
estimate of Macaulay by, 391
old age of, friendship with Doellinger, 396
style of, admiration of Doellinger for, 393
_cited_ on judgment of time, 221;
on Luther's conservatism, 161;
on Machiavelli's merits, 228
Rattazzi, impoverishing policy of, 509
Raumer, source of historical work of, 386
Rauscher, Cardinal, opponent of Papal infallibility, 532, 533, 535, 544
Ravignan, 400
Raymundus, Doellinger's opinion of works of, 382
Raynaud, account of Machiavelli's death, 215
Rebellion punished by death by the Church in the Middle Ages, 216-19
Reformation, the, discredited by the Peasants' War, 155
Doellinger on, 393-7
early character of, 153
effect of, on governments, 41, 42, 43
Reformers, Protestant, attitude of, to polygamy, 159, 160
common origin of their views on State policy, 150-51
intolerance of, exemplified, 184
Saxon and Swiss, reason of their political differences, 173, 177
on the treatment of heresy, 183
views of, on Church and State, 181
writings of, 150
Regicide (_see also_ Assassination _and_ Murder) urged by mediaeval
Church to remove tyrants, 217-18
Reid, 593
Reisach, Cardinal, _see_ Munich, Archbishop of
Religion in relation to the American government, 584-5
decay in belief of, among Greeks, 8
development of, attitude to, of Bossuet, 591
how it influences State policy, 150
principles of, non-sectarian study of, unknown in seventeenth
century, 45-46
reconcilable to liberty, dispute on, 467-9
toleration in, early advocates of, 52
turned into engine of despotism after
Reformation, 44
true, definition of, 197
differentiation of, from false, standards for, 449
Religions, multiplicity of, danger from, limited, 250
suppression of, due to danger from doctrine in pagan and mediaeval
times, 251;
only necessary when practice of, dangerous to State, 251
Religious crime, civil jurisdiction over, Beza's views, 146
disabilities, danger of, greater than multiplicity of religions, 250
in Ireland made an engine of political oppression, 253
intelligence and zeal, office of, 460
liberty, defined, 151-2
effect on, of State control, 151-3
incompatibility of, with unity frequent, 252
in Maryland, 187
and political emancipation, connection of, not accidental, 292
persecution and slavery, 64
toleration, _see_ Toleration
Renan, Ernest, commendation by, of dishonesty in politics, 225
rank of, as writer in France, 417
Renouvier, Flint's agreement with, 594-5
Representation separability from taxation, origin of this principle
in Middle Ages, 39
in America, restrictions on, 579
Representative assemblies, methods of strengthening, 97
government, earliest proclamation and enactment of, 26
not discussed in classical literature, 25, 26
origin of, in Middle Ages, 39
Republic, French (the first), its title and what it signified, 277
Republic of 1848 (France), of what school the triumph, 590
Republican views of Zwingli and Calvin, 42
Republicanism of Athens, 68
primitive, germ of Parliamentary government, 32
true, defined, 277
Republics, government by, good opinion of Louis Philippe as to, 56, 90
of Poland and Venice, contrast between, 49
Resistance, doctrine of, 54
law of, as manifested in the American Revolution, 586
Restoration, French (under Louis XVIII.), effects of, on Nationality, 282
the true, that of 1688., 580
Rettberg, 420
Retz, Cardinal de, opposed to, yet ignorant of, Machiavelli's
doctrines, 218
_cited_ on political adaptability, 219
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, an inconsistency, 170;
not approved by Innocent XI., 147;
remarks on, 266
Revolution, identity of, and difference from, passive obedience, 162
one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300
its most powerful auxiliary, present day, 276
Protestantism favourable to, 181
American--
not inspired by the belief of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5
nothing of, in common with the French, 580
spirit of, 580, 587
supreme manifestation of the law of resistance, 586
of 1848, double debt to, of Nationality, 287
the French--
abolition by, of traces of national history, 278
the (1789), causes leading up to, 85, 86, 87
change produced by, how effected, 271;
consequences, 272
characteristics peculiar to, roots far back in history, 280
denounced by Burke, 219
doctrines of, adversary of the old despotic policy, 276
essential difference between it and others, 271
injured by its religious policy, 86
ethnological character of, 277, 278
nothing in it in common with the American revolution, 580
revival of a conquered race, 241
no constructive idea given rise to by it, 241
substance of its ideas, 280
theory of equality disastrous to liberty, 88
of 1688, "divine right of freeholders" established by, 54
principles of, anticipated, 179
statesmen of, represented as ancestors of modern liberty, 53
Revolutionary leaders of 1789, ideas of, contrary to idea of
Nationality, 281
Revolutions, three phases of those subsequent to the Congress of
Vienna, 284-5
Rhode Island, State of, rise of, 187
Richelieu, Cardinal, historical insight of, 409
method of dealing with Protestants, its effect, 116
on subjection of nation, 48
_cited_ on historical deductions based on success, 221
Riehl, on abstract ideas and their power, 585
Rimini, 559
Rio, 432; _cited_ on Doellinger as a theologian, 399
Ritschl, 389
Robespierre, fate of, 401
terrorism of, causes of production of, 262
Robinson _cited_ on progressive revelation, 592
Rochelle, La, siege of, 113 _note_, 115, 118
Roman conquest of Europe and its consequences, 277 _et seq._
Romans, as makers of history, 240
persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198