usefulness of, 272;
how limited, 273
Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, 585
_Il Principe_ (Machiavelli's), dedication of, 215
Nourrisson's praise of, 227
Pole's attention called to, 214
publication of, 214;
interpretation of, by all later history, 213;
known to Pole and Cromwell, 214
various criticisms of, 218
Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, 545
Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, 39
Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, 52
_Index_, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature,
469-471
institution and origin of, 215, 495
permanent exclusion of _Il Principe_ by, 215
power of, in Germany, 473
reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, 495, 525, 531
sanction of, 544
Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, 350-51
Indulgences granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the
heretics, 141
Infallibility, Papal--
attitude to, of Lamennais, 462-4, 465, 466
Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, 511
_Civilta Cattolica_ on, 500-501
continental discussions on, 518
debate on, at Vatican Council, 532-549
declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, 499
definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, 518
discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, 525-49
doctrine of the Jesuits, 498;
establishment of, Vatican Council, 499
opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, 507
opposition to, 502-4
origin of doctrine of, 513-515
to be presented at Vatican Council, 500-501
proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, 256
Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, 553;
intolerance of, 431
treatment of heretics, 568
Innocent IV., Pope, _cited_, 206
Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, 324-25
Innocent XI., Doellinger's proposed history of, 433
Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 147
Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and
characteristics of, 552
Lea's view on, 568
Machiavelli denounced to, 214-15
never admitted into England, 59
origin of, controversy on, 553
period of its activity and decline, 574
problem of, 570
sanction of, 544
in Spain, 152
supporters of, 570
tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute
monarchy, 41
at Vienna, 184
writers defending, 573
_Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of_, by Henry Charles
Lea, review, 551
_Institutes_, Calvin's, on Toleration, 182
Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French
Revolution, 271
Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9
International league of nations founded by Mazzini, 286
Intolerance carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172
Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, 165, 168-70, 186-7
cause of growth of infidelity, 256
inherent in the Mediaeval Church, Leas view, 571
motive and principle of, when justifiable, 251
of Reformers, 184
as a rule of life, Lea's view on, 562-3
Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259
Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the
English, 242
failure of Reformation in, 43
history of, comparative method of, study of, 234
land question, the great difficulty in, 236
question of, Doellinger's views on, 434
religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253
and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, 507
Irish agitation, causes united in, 284
Israelites, democracy of the, 65
government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, 4, 5
a federation held together by faith and race, 4
resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, 4
Italian States (1862), nationality in, 295
Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, 285
effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143
literature of, influence on Doellinger, 386-7
policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, 213
politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, 508-511
reliance in, on Machiavelli, 226
Machiavelli's triumph, 225, 266
temporal power of papacy in, 355-62, 367-71
wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, 125
Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St.
Bartholomew, 144
Jackson, Andrew, American President, 578
Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, 261
James II., King of England, 54, 410
overthrow imperative, 468
Janus, 519; book on Ultramontane ideal, 511, 513
Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., 579
irreligion of, 585
Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1, 127, 147, 148
Jesuits, the, and infallibility, 498
and preparations for Vatican Council, 497-98
Jews, _see also_ Israelites
treatment of, by Catholics, 169;
and by Protestants, 164, 179
Joachim, Abbot, and his work, 560
Joan of Arc, 552;
authorities on, not consulted by Lea, 558
John Of Salisbury, 45;
reputed author of the _Historia Pontificalis_, 559
Joubert, on authority of the Church, 463
Judae, Leo, views of, as to persecution, 174
Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, 196
Julius Caesar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, 15
Juergens, his estimate of Luther, 161
Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, 158
Justin, summit reached by, 406
Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, 79
on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, 31
Kolde, effect of works of, 408
Kampschulte, effect of works of, 408
Kant, Immanuel, 594
Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Doellinger's _Reformation_, 411
Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, 540, 544
Ketteler, W.E. von, Doellinger's lectures praised by, 381
on Papal infallibility, 540, 544
Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, 583-84
Kirchmann on political ethics, 222
_cited_ on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227-28
Klein. J.L., _cited_ on Machiavelli's moral purpose, 229
Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, 542
Kliefoth, influence on Doellinger, 389
work on penitential system, 381
Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, 461
Knox, John, 44
"Monstrous Regiment of Women," 45
Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, 93
Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, 60
Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, 400
_cited_ on political honesty, 220
Doellinger antagonistic to, 401
on St. Dominic, 428
Lafayette, 590
La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, 226
Lamennais and the Church, condemnation and fall, and cause of the
latter, 398, 465, 466-73
conflict with Rome, 462-473
classed as Ultramontane, 451
endeavours of, to exalt Rome, 463-4
intercourse of, with Doellinger, 398
and the idea of development, 591, 593
theory of common sense, 593
Land question, the great difficulty in Ireland, 236
Languedoc, work in, of St. Dominic, 553
Lanza, 509
La Roche-sur-Yon, on the resolutions of the conference of Bayonne,
108 & _notes_
Larroque, Tamizey de, rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, 567
Lasaulx, Ernst von, estimation of, 405
Lassalle, Ferdinand, on collective thought, 585
Laurent, 590;
Doellinger's praise of, 417
_cited_ on Machiavelli's doctrines, followed by detractors, 226
Laval, Bishop of, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
Lavradeo, Count de, Portuguese ambassador to Vatican Council, 507
Lavaur, fate of Albigenses at, 556
Law, custom and national qualities, not will of government, makers of, 58
mediaeval opinions on, 258
in relation to the will of the people, Vergniaud on, 276
Laws (_see also_ Legal system), divine origin of, 22
of realm, Socratic view that they were only sure guide of conduct, 18
view of Ghibelline writers respecting, 37
view of Guelph writers respecting, 36
Lay representation on Vatican Council, plans for, 503-8
Lea, Henry Charles, _A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_,
review, 551
characteristics of, 555, 559, _passim_;
as historical writer, 551
League, the, Charles IX.'s refusal to join, 129
League, Holy, attempts to bring France into, 113
Le Blanc de Beaulieu on political expediency, 225
Lecoy de la Marche, collection, 559
Lee, murder of, note on, 65
Legal system, English, pioneer work in reform of, of Jeremy Bentham, 3
'_Leges Barbarorum_,' principle of, in respect to the Church, 244
Legislation, liberty independent of domain of, 2
Legitimate ruler, defence of, first cause of popular risings, 1813., 284
Leibniz, Doellinger's gratitude to, 393
on _Il Principe_, 228
influence of, on Doellinger, 381
Leo I., Pope, and the suppression of heresy at any cost, 571
Leo X. (Medici), Pope, character of, 378
treatment of tyrant of Perugia, 214
Leo XIII., Pope, literary fruits of his liberality, 573-4
Leopold, 401
Lepanto, naval battle of, 104;
effect foiled by Charles IX., 105
victory of, less dear to the Pope than the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 134
Leti, _cited_, 140
Lewis XII., king of France, extermination of Vaudois of Provence by, 217
Lewis XIII., king of France, Doellinger's lenient estimate of, 410
Lewis XIV., king of France, death penalty by, indicted for disobedience
to his will, 48
Doellinger's lectures on, 433
ordinance against Protestants, 50
as political assassin, 410
records of reign of, 409
secret treaty between, and Charles II., 53
supreme among tyrants for bad use of his power, 49;
adulation bestowed on him sign of national subjection to absolutism, 49
L'Hopital, 126
Liberal movement in Latin Europe, its objects, 280-81
Liberalism, European, 582-3
Liberals, eighteenth century, their care only for the individual, 273
of the French Restoration, limitations of, 282
Liberty (_see also_ Freedom), change in constitution not effected by, in
Italy and Germany, 225
definition of, 3
and democracy, 63
essential condition and guardian of, religion, 4
essential to the subsistence of a country, Rousseau on, 294
failure of Protestant systems to secure, 181
influences of Christianity on, 203
Luther's attitude to, 156
and property, connection between, 54
realisation of, on what depended, 288
reconciled to religion, dispute concerning, 467-9
theory of, as regards nationality, 289
religion and nationality, causes united in revolutions after 1815., 284
sacrificed to unity, by Machiavelli, 229
views on, of Hegel, and of Flint, 596
vulgar definition of, 580
Liberty, American, Judge Cooley on, 580
civil and religious, point of unison between, 151
English, adversary of old despotic policy, 276
English, adversary of former despotic power, 276
municipal, vigorous growth of, in Belgium, 38
religious, definition of, 151-2
effect on, of State control, 151-3
in Maryland, 187
necessary conditions of, 152-3
not impossible, 367
Liddon, Canon, intimacy with Doellinger, 416
Liebig, 377
Lightfoot (Bishop of Durham), Church history of, 418
Lilburne, political writer in advance of his time, 50;
his enlightened ideas on democracy, 83
Limborch, 563
Lipsius, R.A., study of Machiavelli by, 215
Lisle, Ambrose de, 423
Littre, 590
Locke, John, 54
doctrine of resistance, 54
inconsistent ideas regarding liberty, 53
on rules of morality, 221
Lombard law of Frederick II., as affecting heretics, 152, 555, 556
Lombardy, the heresy of (Waldensian), 559
work of St. Dominic in, 553
Longperier, _cited_, on Italy's adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227
Lorraine, Cardinal of (Guise), on Anjou's hatred of Protestants and its
consequences, 105 _& note_
approval expressed by, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 140
high position of, 111;
on his initiative in the Huguenot massacre, his praise of Charles IX.,
112 _& note_;
complicity of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 129-30
quarrels with, of Ferralz, 129;
its reason, the Pope's attitude to him, 130
on the price of the Navarre marriage, 128
slain by Henry III., attitude of the Pope, 121
Louis XVI., king of France, policy of, 57
powerlessness of, to effect reform, 85
why he perished, 280
Louis Philippe, king of the French, his good opinion of republican
government, 56, 90
decline of his popularity, 92
Love of country, Bossuet on, 294 _note_
Low Countries (_see also_ Holland _and_ Netherlands), Alva's failure
in, 103
Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, 113
Luca, Cardinal de, proposed discussion of infallibility at Vatican
Council denied by, 518
Reisach's deputy as president, 534
Lucchesini, sermon against Machiavelli, 215
Lucius, attack of, on Philo, 419
Luther, Martin, 502
attitude of, to the marriage difficulties of Henry VIII., 160
and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160
Doellinger's estimate of, 397
early utterances of, on toleration, 153-5;
his change of view, 155
influence of, on politics, 81
Moehler on, 378
persecuting principles involved in his system, 164, 590
teaching of, wherein differing from that of Wycliffe and of Hus, 271
views of, on government, 42;
on polygamy, 159, 162;
on the relations of Church and Slate, 156, 157-58, 161-63, 173,
177, 180;
logical outcome of his theory, 159;
its inconsistency, 162;
work of, on the Civil Power, 154 & _note_;
_cited_ on toleration of Anabaptists, 157
Lutheran attitude to heretics, gradual change in, 154, 157
to Huguenots, 145-6
theory of persecution, political element in, 172
Lutheranism, decline of, 327-9
in Denmark, 341
description of, 343-5
national character of, 319-320
roused by abuses in the Church, 495
in Sweden, 341
Lyons, massacre of Huguenots at, 119;
news of, sent to Rome, 132;
horror aroused by, in Provence, 144;
letter from, on the massacres at that place, 131
Macaulay, T.B., 580
historical limitation of, 385
injustice of Doellinger to, 391-2
opinion of, on Father Paul, 432
on the study of history, 232
Machiavelli, Niccolo (_see also_ Il Principe), character of, 225-6;
its complexity, 212-14
crime of Catherine de' Medici not instigated by, 216
denouncement of, to Inquisition, by Muzio, 214-15
doctrine of, 40, 41;
impulse given by, to absolutism, 41
influence on succeeding generations, 40, 41;
political, 49;
held by rulers before and since, 216-19;
estimated by early historians, 225-231
ignorance of, displayed by great men, 218-19
indulgent views taken of methods of, 224
Medici patron and his daughter, 122
merits of, admitted by later historians, 230-231
methods of, 225-6
secret patriotism of, upheld by various historians, 229-230
in touch with reasoners and imitators, by theory of success, 223
zenith of power, 225-7
Mackintosh, Sir James, on constitutions, 581
Macmaster, on Hamilton's genius, 581
Madison, James, 579
on Hamilton's theory of government, 581
Maffei, on regicide, 217
Magdeburg, Archbishop of, _temp._ Gregory IX., 556
Mai, Cardinal, as an editor, 421
Maimbourg, 215
Maine, Sir Henry, on the _Droit du Seigneur_, 566-7
Maistre, Count de, Ultramontane writer, 451, 468;
on the authority of the Church, 377
and Lamennais's theory, 593
relation to Savigny, 593
exaggerations of, 378
influence on Doellinger, 377
interpreted by elder Windischmann, 381
rank of, as writer, 417
thoughts of, on Nationality, 282 & _note_
Malebranche, 382
Malvenda, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Mamachi, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the Huguenot massacres, 119
Manin, Daniele, 287
Manning, Cardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, adviser of De Angelis, 529
on admission of papal infallibility by acknowledgment of supreme
authority, 543-4
Manteuffel, administration of, 283
Manzoni on temporal power of Papacy, 512
Marat, madness of, 401
outcome of Rousseau's teaching on his policy, 57, 58
Maret, book of, on Vatican Council plans, 512, 513
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 426
and papal infallibility, 528
Mariana, rejoicing of, over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124
_cited_ on death of Henry III., 217
Marini, as a compiler of history, 387
occasional removal of, from _Index_, 215
Marlborough, Duke of (the Great), character of, 53
Marseilles, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Marsilius of Padua, the Ghibelline,
views of, on power and persecution, 561-2
_cited_ on the relation of kings to the people, 37
Marshall, John, 579;
and the development of the American Constitution, 581
Martens, 427
Martensen, Bishop, estimate of Doellinger, 434
tribute to Baader's powers, 376
Martineau, Dr., and Mill's opinion of results as test of actions, 223
Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 410
Maryland, religious history of, 187
Massachusetts, history of, contrasted with that of Maryland, 187
Massacre, the, of St. Bartholomew, 101
defects in plan and execution of, as judged by immediate results, 106;
sources of the same, 117
defence of, on political grounds, 218
Doellinger's work on, 430-31
evidence concerning, how dealt with, difficult of access, 101;
best existing sources, 102
motive inspiring its chief author, 121
question of numbers slain in, 106, 137
question of premeditation of, contemporary view, 106;
modern view, 107;
evidence in support of the former, 107 _et seq._
results anticipated from, 69;
Philip II., 123;
view not stated by Alva, 124
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste, _cited_ on retribution, 220
Mathieu, Cardinal, share in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 530, 532
Matter, cited on Machiavelli's influence on liberty, 227
Maurenbrecher, rank of Doellinger estimated by, 386
Maurer, Conrad, at Doellinger's house, 405
Maximillian II., Emperor, information sent to, of the Massacre of
St. Bartholomew, 107
opinion of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144
toleration of, 105
urged to follow example of Charles IX., 134 & _note_
May, Sir Erskine, _Democracy in Europe_, by, 61
Mazade, influence on Doellinger, 434
Mazzini, Giuseppe, association of, with the growth of the idea of
Nationality, 286
association of his revolutionary ideas with conservatism of Niebuhr, 59
on Machiavelli's politics, 219
proclaimer of Nationality, 273
profane criticism by, 218
Mazzuchelli, 114
Mechlin, Archbishop of, reply to the Bishop of Orleans by, 537
Medici, Cosmo de', patron of Machiavelli, father of Catherine, 122
family of, in disfavour under Paul III., 214
Machiavelli not countenanced by followers of, 214
Mediaeval writers on law and right, 258
Melanchthon, Philip, his theory of persecution, 164-170
views of, on polygamy, and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 & _note_
on religious assassination, 325
_cited on_ Cromwell's death, 217
Memorandum of the Powers, 183;
on temporal power, 366
Menabrea, circular of, on representation of Vatican Council, 509
Mendoca, praise of those concerned in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124
Mentz, Bishop of, belief in infallibility doctrine, 518
Merode, 414
Metternich, Prince, 283;
attitude of, to Nationality, 285
Metz, Bishop of, repudiation of Doellinger's declaration, 538
Mexico, nationality in, 245-46
Meyer, Paul, on the Council of Arles, 565
Michelet, Jules, Flint compared to, 596
_cited_ on human action as interpreter of God's commands, 223
on Machiavelli, 213
influence on Doellinger, 433
Doellinger's study of, 421
Michiel, Giovanni, Venetian ambassador, 109;
on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110
Middle Ages, authority of State inadequate in, 4
decline of religion in, 595
history of, reason for its unity, 244
political advances in, 39
persecution in, 152, 168
revival of study of, 390-91
_Middle Ages, The, A History of the_
_Inquisition of_, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551
Mignet, Doellinger's praise of, 417
Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy, 93
on results as tests of actions, 223
on states as coincident with nationalities, 285
Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I., 51
Minerve, fate of Albigenses at, 556
Modena, 386
Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics, 169;
by Protestants, 179;
their tolerance, 186
Moehler, J.A., 593
influence on Doellinger's views of fixity of national types, 434
publication of _Symbolik_, 377
on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 149
suggested history of progress of doctrine of, 385
_cited_ on Doellinger's rank as theologian, 379
_cited_ on intercourse with Doellinger, 377
partiality as historian of religious wars, 428
rank of, 430
views of, compared to Doellinger's, 378-9
_cited_ on Luther, 378-9
Moehler and Doellinger in Munich, views at variance, 377-380
Molina, Luis, 380
Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition, 551-2
rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, 567
Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises, 213
Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency, 222
distinction of pupils of, 419
indifference of the public to, 430
Monarchy--
adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages, 48
danger of, 19, 20
and democracy, 64
limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions, 19
resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages, 4
restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of, 2
Absolute--
clergy upholders of, 41
development and destruction of, by the democracy in France,
& _notes_, 279-80
France chief centre of, 48
one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300
Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with
respect to, 35
Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting, 36, 37
subjection of, to public law, 35
Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the
proposed Massacre, 117
Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic, 553
Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against
Huguenots, 141
on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland, 120
view of, on St. Bartholomew, 107
Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling," 56
Mons, fall of, 103;
Lewis of Nassau at, 105
the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II., 141-2
Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame, 215
Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane, 451
influence of, on Doellinger, 400
intercourse unbroken, 463
unacknowledged agreement with Doellinger, 316
and _Kirche und Kirchen_, views cited, 417;
estimate of that work, 424
in Munich, 398
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 524-5
politics of, 400
and the temporal power of the Papacy, 412
Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the
St. Bartholomew, 140
Montegut, influence on Doellinger, 434
Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching, 54
Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of, 569
Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders
to, as to massacre of Huguenots, 127 _note_
Montfort and the Albigenses, 556
Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107, 122
Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany, 119
unguarded speech by, on coming massacre, 111
Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres, 127
Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages, 18
public, how differing from private, 40
Mordenti, _cited_ on Machiavelli, as champion of conscience, 226
More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia, 270
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
_Mores Catholici_, Digby's, 569
Morinus _cited_, 194
basis of Kliefoth's work in, 381
Morley, John, on equity of history, 219
Mornay, _see_ Duplessis-Mornay
Morris of Exeter, and study of Petavius, 380
Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of
speculation and plunder, 578
_cited_ on Hamilton as a leader, 582-3
Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of
St. Bartholomew, 126
Mozley, James, visit of Doellinger to, 403
Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Doellinger, 381
Mueller, 282
Munich, Archbishop of (Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing
Frohschammer, 481-5
nominated as President of Vatican Council, 501;
death of, before taking seat as, 534
Munich, conference at, Doellinger's declaration to, 312-13
Doellinger at, 386;
lectures in, 375
Frohschammer's work in, 473
Moehler with Doellinger in, 377-80
school of theology at, 398-9, 434
Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium, 38