230|Council Barrow, Cornwall, 155.
|
64|Court Week, Sussex, 44.
|
88|Cowden Down, Wilts, 105.
|
249|Cowland, Cornwall, 157.
|
|Cowsfield Green, Wilts, 210.
|
127|Coxley, Somerset, 190.
|
127|Coxley Pound, Somerset, 190.
|
212|Crab Tree, Devon, 122.
|
181|Crab Tree, Devon, 196.
|
113|Crackment Hill, Somerset, 140.
|
223|Crafthole, Cornwall, 123.
|
143|Crandon Bridge, Somerset, 192.
|
12|Cranford Bridge, Middlesex, 174.
|
30|Crawley, Sussex, 49. A parish containing 26 houses, and 210
|inhabitants.
|
13|Crayford, Kent, 2. The name is derived from an ancient ford over
|the river Cray, or Crouch; which, a little below this town, falls
|into the Darent. Here are some considerable callico printing
|grounds, and a manufactory for slitting iron and rolling it into
|hoops. In this and the adjoining parishes are a number of deep
|caverns, artificially cut out of the chalk pits; concerning the
|origin of which various conjectures have been formed. The church
|stands on an eminence, and is ornamented with a beautiful
|altar-piece. The river produces excellent trout. It contains 187
|houses, and 1210 inhabitants.
|
182|Crediton Lane End, Devon, 148.
|
130|=Crewkerne=, Somerset, 142. A market town and parish, lying in a
|pleasant valley on the branches of the rivers Parret and Axe, and
|consists of five principal streets; the church is an elegant
|Gothic structure, richly ornamented. The market-house is roomy,
|and stands in the centre of the town; it is well supplied on
|Saturdays with provisions, corn, &c. It contains 489 houses, and
|2576 inhabitants.
|
93|Cribbage Hutt, Wilts, 137.
|
136|Cricket Wood, Somerset, 143.
|
138|Crim Chard, Somerset, 145.
|
|Crockerhill, Sussex, 216.
|
184|Crockernwell, Devon, 148.
|
63|Croix, St., Hants, 78, 84.
|
77|Cromlech, The Devil’s Den, Wilts, 183. This ancient monument is
|formed of two upright stones, supporting a vast flat one as an
|impost; and, from the great breadth of the supporters, it has the
|appearance of a cave. Near it are two other stones lying on the
|ground, one in contact with the western upright. These monuments,
|many of which are extant, both here and in Scotland and Ireland,
|are generally supposed to be of Druidical origin.
|
|Crooks Gate, Hants, 213.
|
69|Cross Ford, Wilts, 182.
|
102|Cross, High, Wilts, 164.
|
201|Cross Lanes, Devon, 151.
|
4|Cross, New, Surrey, 1, 15.
|
10|=Croydon=, Surrey, 53. A market town and parish. The town is in
|general well built, and pleasantly situated on the edge of
|Banstead Downs, containing 1474 houses, and 7801 inhabitants. Its
|chief manufactures are paper and printed cottons; and its church
|is a handsome Gothic structure, containing several fine monuments,
|particularly of the archbishops of Canterbury, and formerly had a
|chantery.
|
|The manor has belonged to the archbishop of Canterbury from the
|days of William the Conqueror; but the archbishops’ palace is now
|converted into a manufactory. Vast quantities of charcoal are made
|here, with wood brought from the neighbouring hills, and it has a
|market on Saturday, which is well supplied with all kinds of
|provision, particularly fowl, oats, and oatmeal.
|
39|=Cuckfield=, Sussex, 50. A market town and parish, situated on a
|rising ground, having a spacious and handsome church, and a free
|grammar school, founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It has a
|small market on Friday.
|
275|Cuckold’s Corner, Cornwall, 130.
|
89|Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 185.
|
201|Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 200.
|
|Curbridge Common, Hants, 213.
|
80|Cursus, The, Wilts, 161. (_See Amesbury._)
|
183|Cutton, Devon, 197.
|
|
|D.
|
151|Dalwood Down, Dorset, 114.
|
194|Dart Bridge, Devon, 119.
|
15|=Dartford=, Kent, 2. A market town, deriving its name from an
|ancient ford over the river Darent. Here are to be seen the
|remains of a magnificent nunnery, founded by Edward the Third, (of
|which Bridget, the daughter of Edward the Fourth was prioress;)
|which at the Reformation was converted into a royal mansion. A
|branch of the old Roman Watling-street passes through this town.
|The parish church is situated in the main street, which is wide
|and commodious, with several handsome shops, and a good bridge
|over the Darent. The assizes were formerly held here. In the
|neighbourhood are some gunpowder mills, much esteemed for their
|produce.
|
|This town is remarkable for having been the place where the
|rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, first broke out, occasioned
|by the indecent behaviour of a tax gatherer towards the daughter
|of Tyler, who killed the offender with a pole-axe. The market is
|on Saturday, and it is well supplied with provisions, corn,
|cattle, &c. Dartford contains 535 houses, and 3177 inhabitants.
|
16|Dartford Brent, Kent, 3.
|
20|Datchet, Bucks, 175. This village is pleasantly situated opposite
|Windsor Little Park, by the side of the Thames, over which it has
|a bridge. It contains 102 houses, and 857 inhabitants.
|
51|Dean, Hants, 99.
|
195|Dean Prior, Devon, 120. A parish containing 93 houses, and 495
|inhabitants.
|
56|Dean, West, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 103 houses, and 510
|inhabitants.
|
64|Denford, Lower, Berks, 181.
|
|Dennis’s, St., Abbey, Hants, 221.
|
4|Deptford, Kent, 1. This town is divided into Upper and Lower
|Deptford, and contains 3068 houses, and 17,548 inhabitants; it has
|a commodious stone bridge over the small river Ravensbourn, near
|its fall into the Thames, at which place was anciently a very
|_deep ford_, whence the name of the town.
|
|The old church of St. Nicholas consists of a chancel, nave, and
|two aisles, and was rebuilt, excepting the tower, in 1697.
|
|The new church of St. Paul, which is a handsome stone structure,
|with a chancel, nave, and two aisles, supported by pillars of the
|Corinthian order, was erected in 1730, as one of the 50 new
|churches within the bills of mortality; when, by act of
|parliament, it was made a distinct parish.
|
|The Royal Dock Yard was first erected in the reign of Henry the
|Eighth. The storehouses, which form a square, have had several
|additional buildings; the whole yard covers 31 acres of ground,
|containing two wet docks, one single the other double, three
|slips, a bason, and two ponds for masts, with the various
|manufactories for anchors, cables, masts, blocks, &c. and
|apartments for the numerous officers employed. Here the royal
|yachts are generally kept. There are also several private docks in
|the neighbourhood for the building and repair of merchants’
|vessels. The Red House, a little to the north-west of Deptford, is
|the grand store for provisions, &c. for the royal navy.
|
|On the site where St. Nicholas’ workhouse now stands, was the
|manor house of Say’s Court, which was the residence of the Czar,
|Peter the Great, when he worked as a shipwright in this yard. Here
|the Society of the Trinity House was first formed in the reign of
|Henry the Eighth, and incorporated under the title of Master,
|Warden, and Assistants of the Guild of the Most Glorious and
|Undivided Trinity; the object of which institution is, for the
|increase and encouragement of navigation, and the good government
|of mariners, shipping, &c.
|
87|Deptford, Wilts, 162, 207.
|
90|Derry Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
111|Deverel Down, Dorset, 108.
|
187|Devicourt Devon, 149.
|
41|Devil’s Punch Bowl, Surrey, 28.
|
88|=Devizes=, Wilts, 199. A borough and market town, comprising three
|parishes, and containing 890 houses, and 4851 inhabitants; its
|manufactures chiefly consist of druggets, serges, kerseymeres, and
|malting. It has two churches and a chapel. The houses are old, and
|mostly built of timber. The Romans enclosed it with a vallum and
|ditch, in which there is now a road almost round the town; and on
|a small hill within the town are to be seen the remains of its
|strong castle. It is well fortified by nature, and was made almost
|impregnable by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury. Brass figures of
|household gods, coins, bricks, and urns, evidently Roman, have
|been dug up here.
|
|Near the castle rises a rivulet, which falls into the Avon near
|Bramham; and the town is greatly improved by the Kennet and Avon
|Canal, which here presents a beautiful appearance. The new Gaol,
|at the western extremity of the town, is also worthy of notice.
|
|This borough was incorporated by Charles the First, and sends two
|members to parliament. The markets are on Monday for butchers’
|meat, and on Thursday for horses, cattle, corn, wool, provisions,
|poultry, &c.
|
143|Devon Gate, Devon, 170.
|
44|Dial Post, Sussex, 66.
|
|Ditchampton, Wilts, 208. (_Population included with Wilton_)
|
14|Ditton Common, Surrey, 25.
|
13|Ditton Marsh, Surrey, 24.
|
237|Dobwalls, Cornwall, 125.
|
71|Dock Yard, Portsmouth, Hants, 32. (_see Portsmouth_)
|
54|Dog Kennel, Sussex, 39.
|
120|=Dorchester=, Dorset, 109, 171. A borough, market, and county
|town, standing on an elevation on the river Frome, comprising
|three parishes, 364 houses, and 2546 inhabitants. Its principal
|manufactures are serge and broad cloth. Its ancient name was
|_Durnovaria_, signifying the _passage of the river_, and it was
|strongly fortified, having four gates and a deep ditch; and in the
|time of the Saxons two mints were established here.
|
|The town is built in the direction of the four cardinal points,
|and the buildings are good. The foundation of the Roman wall
|appears quite round the town; but to the east there is a street
|built upon it, and the ditch is filled up. On the south-west side
|of the wall there is an agreeable walk between a row of trees; but
|the winding of the river to the north spoils the square of the
|town that way. It has a newly erected town hall and market place,
|and a commodious county gaol, built after Mr. Howard’s plan, on
|the site of an ancient castle. The streets are neatly paved, and
|the houses in general built regularly of stone.
|
|Dorchester sends two members to parliament, and the assizes for
|the county are held here. Several Roman antiquities, and the
|remains of military ways, have been discovered in this town,
|particularly a Mosaic pavement, four feet under the surface of the
|ground. St. Peter’s is the only church that can be called
|handsome. In the neighbourhood are extensive meadows, and a down
|on which vast flocks of sheep are fed. This place is noted for the
|excellence of its ale, which is sent to all parts of the kingdom.
|It has a good market on Wednesday and Saturday.
|
23|=Dorking=, Surrey, 63. A market town and parish. The town stands
|on a rock of soft sandy stone, in the angle of two fine vallies,
|surrounded by beautiful hills. The church is collegiate, and has a
|square tower near the centre, with eight bells, and a set of
|chimes. The streets are wide, well paved, and very clean. A great
|traffic is carried on in lime, which is accounted superior to any
|other made in the country: the town also supports a considerable
|trade in meal. Dorking is noted for its breed of poultry, which is
|remarkably large and fine, and singular for the birds having five
|toes in each claw. Capons bred here about Christmas, often weigh
|seven or eight pounds out of the feathers.
|
|In the suburbs are many elegant seats.
|
|The custom of Borough English prevails in this manor, by which the
|_youngest_ son is heir to a copyhold estate. It contains 607
|houses, and 3259 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.
|
71|=Dover=, Kent, 10. A sea port and market town, and one of the
|cinque ports, containing 3068 houses, and 13,418 inhabitants. This
|town lies in a valley, encompassed by a semicircle of hills, and
|was formerly surrounded by a wall which had 10 gates, and appears
|to have been in a very flourishing state in the reign of Edward
|the Confessor, who incorporated it by the style of a mayor and
|commonalty.
|
|The town consists of two parts, connected by a long narrow street,
|called Snaresgate Street, from the lofty rocks that overhang it,
|and seem to threaten the passenger with instant death. The town
|hall stands in the market place, and is ornamented with several
|good portraits, and a curious print of the embarkation of Henry
|the Eighth for France. It has also a neat assembly room, a
|theatre, and two circulating libraries.
|
|Here were formerly seven churches, but five of them have long
|since been demolished; those remaining are dedicated to St. Mary
|the Virgin, and St. James: the former was built by the prior and
|convent of St. Martin’s, for the use of the inhabitants, and the
|foundation of its tower was built upon the remains of an ancient
|Roman bath. The church of St. James anciently belonged to the
|castle, and in it the Courts of Chancery and Admiralty for the
|Cinque Ports are still occasionally held. In the reign of Henry
|the Third a large religious house was founded by Hubert de Burgh,
|Earl of Kent, at the end of this town, called the _Maison Dieu_;
|but at the time of the reformation it was converted into a
|victualling office, for which purpose it is still used.
|
|Dover is celebrated in history as a place of the greatest
|importance ever since the Norman Conquest. Its ancient castle is
|supposed to have been built by Julius Cæsar. Henry the Second,
|about the year 1153, is said to have enclosed it with a new wall.
|The present entrance is on the south side of the main tower, by a
|grand flight of steps round the eastern side to the third story,
|or the governor’s apartments. These steps were secured by three
|strong gates, at each of which was a chamber or guard room, and a
|dungeon for prisoners, in which several persons of distinction
|have been confined at different times, but now used only for
|disorderly soldiers. These entrances, before the use of gunpowder,
|were impregnable, the walls being 18 feet thick. Without the Duke
|of Suffolk’s gate are commodious barracks, and wells which supply
|the garrison with water, being about 370 feet deep. After this
|castle was surrendered to William the Conqueror, it was
|considerably strengthened, and made more secure by the erection of
|two exterior walls from the Saxon fortification to the very edge
|of the perpendicular cliff and additional towers. In the exterior
|wall of the castle are 17 towers, most of them named from the
|persons under whom they were erected.
|
|In the reign of Charles I. this strong fortress was taken by
|surprise by a few men in the night. One Drake, a zealous
|republican, formed a plan to seize the garrison; and, accompanied
|by 10 or 12 men, at midnight, by the assistance of ropes and
|scaling ladders, he reached the top of the high cliff
|undiscovered. Having dispatched the sentinel, they threw open the
|gates, and the garrison, who were few in number, in the confusion
|supposing themselves to be attacked by superior numbers,
|surrendered up the castle to this handful of desperadoes.
|
|Under the castle to the north of the town, Captain Smith, the
|father of the gallant Sir Sidney Smith, has erected a pleasant
|though whimsical residence, called The Cave; it is hewn out of the
|solid rock.
|
|Near the edge of the cliff is a beautiful piece of brass ordnance,
|24 feet long, cast at Utrecht, in 1544, called _Queen Anne’s
|Pocket Pistol_, finely ornamented with figures in bass-relief: it
|was a present from the States of Holland to the Queen, and is said
|to be capable of carrying a twelve pound shot to the distance of
|seven miles.
|
|In time of peace this town is a great thoroughfare for persons
|passing and re-passing to and from France, the channel here being
|only nine leagues across to Calais, and with a fair wind the
|voyage is often made in one tide.
|
|The harbour has been considerably improved of late years, but
|still will only admit vessels of moderate burthen. The piers which
|form the haven are very costly works, defended by some very strong
|batteries, which are now continued in a chain along the coast,
|with numerous martello towers, &c. The market days are on
|Wednesday and Saturday.
|
117|Downhead, Somerset, 166. A hamlet containing 43 houses, and 225
|inhabitants.
|
59|Down Hurstbourn, Hants, 100.
|
106|Down, Little, Dorset, 107.
|
86|Down, Little, Wilts, 162.
|
122|Down, North, Dorset, 110.
|
127|Down, North, Somerset, 142.
|
45|Down Wood, Sussex, 20.
|
224|Dozmare Pool, Cornwall, 154.
|
|Drayton, Hants, 214, 223.
|
90|Drove End, Wilts, 105.
|
64|Droxford, Hants, 97. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1199
|inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in a fine open country,
|having an extensive view over Portsdown. The church is a good
|building, of Saxon architecture.
|
80|Druidical Temple, Wilts, 183, 198. The ruins of this temple
|evidently manifest its having once been the most extensive in the
|kingdom of which at present we have any remains, though from its
|situation being low, and it having been encroached upon by a
|village being formed within its area, consequently obscuring it by
|the erection of houses, planting trees, hedges, &c. it has not
|become so much an object of attention as Stonehenge, and other
|relicks of the kind situated on more commanding and less
|cultivated districts. This is nevertheless more calculated to
|excite astonishment, if strictly investigated, than any one of the
|others, though, from the circumstances above stated, it is
|certainly less striking to the superficial observer. As a monument
|of the peculiar rights and customs of a people with whose history,
|manners, and establishments we are totally unacquainted, this
|stupendous ruin certainly claims particular attention, there being
|still remaining numerous objects to awaken curiosity, and excite
|research.
|
|In its perfect state, this immense temple must have presented an
|appearance at once solemn and impressive: at present, part of its
|site is occupied by the village of Avebury, with the high road
|passing through it, bounded by lofty hills, and the greater part
|encircled by a deep and wide ditch, and a lofty vallum, within
|which are several very large stones, some standing erect, and
|others lying on the ground; at some distance, south and west of
|the village, are other stones in similar situations. According to
|Stukely, this temple originally consisted of 650 stones,
|independent of a large cromlech about a mile to the north.
|
|The vast barrow, called _Silbury Hill_, and numerous others in the
|neighbourhood, are all apparently connected with the work.
|
186|Drum Bridge, Devon, 118.
|
223|Drywork, Cornwall, 154.
|
103|Duncliff, Dorset, 139.
|
110|Duncorn Hill, Somerset, 187.
|
53|Duncton, Sussex, 39. A parish containing 30 houses, and 205
|inhabitants.
|
51|Duncton Common, Sussex, 39.
|
53|Duncton Hill, Sussex, 39.
|
111|Dunkerton, Somerset, 187. A parish containing 46 houses, and 238
|inhabitants.
|
89|Dunkirk, Wilts, 199.
|
37|Dunk’s Place, Kent, 19.
|
55|Dunstan’s, St., Kent, 8. A parish containing 132 houses, and 707
|inhabitants.
|
21|Dunton Green, Kent, 17.
|
|Durrington, Sussex, 218.
|
|
|E.
|
38|Early Common, Berks, 177.
|
59|Eartham, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 19 houses, and 114
|inhabitants.
|
59|Eartham Common, Sussex, 42.
|
49|Easebourn, Sussex, 34. A parish containing 90 houses, and 764
|inhabitants.
|
61|Eastergate, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 21 houses, and 163
|inhabitants.
|
64|Eddington, Berks, 181. (_Population included with Chilton_)
|
139|Edington, Somerset, 191. A hamlet situated on a Moor, containing
|46 houses, and 284 inhabitants. A number of clay moulds have been
|found here for making Roman coins, some of them joined with the
|metal in them, 20 of which are still preserved in the Ashmolean
|Museum.
|
52|Egdean, Sussex, 43. A small parish, containing 11 houses, and 72
|inhabitants.
|
51|Egdean Common, Sussex, 43.
|
18|Egham, Surrey, 71. A parish containing 363 houses, and 2190
|inhabitants. On Runny Mead are annual horse races, which are well
|attended.
|
19|Egham Common, Surrey, 71.
|
120|Emborrow, Somerset, 189. A township containing 54 houses, and 241
|inhabitants.
|
|Emsworth, Hants, 215. A hamlet to the parish of Warblington,
|pleasantly situated close to the sea, and noted for the peculiar
|flavour of its oysters. A small neat chapel has been erected here,
|the parish church of Warblington being above a mile distant.
|
|Emsworth Harbour, Sussex, 215.
|
|End, East, Hants, 212.
|
|End, East, Wilts, 207.
|
|End, West, Hants, 212.
|
45|Englefield, Berks, 178. A parish containing 62 houses, and 336
|inhabitants.
|
246|Enoder, St., Cornwall, 157. A parish containing 159 houses, and
|869 inhabitants.
|
14|Epsom, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully situated on the
|west side of Banstead Downs, near which are some medicinal
|springs, discovered in 1618, formerly in much repute, but now,
|like most of those near London, quite neglected.
|
|This place is but badly supplied with water, chiefly from a pond
|in the middle of the town, at one end of which is the town close.
|The church stands about a mile and a half from the town.
|
|On the Downs are annual horse races, which are generally much
|frequented. The race-course being on an elevated situation,
|commands an extensive view of the surrounding country.
|
|Epsom contains 414 houses, and 2404 inhabitants.
|
15|Epsom Common, Surrey, 62.
|
252|Erme, St., Cornwall, 158. A parish containing 70 houses, and 358
|inhabitants.
|
15|Esher, Surrey, 25. A parish containing 154 houses, and 874
|inhabitants. It commands a pleasant and beautiful prospect over
|the surrounding country.
|
17|Esher Common, Surrey, 25.
|
22|Eton, Bucks, 175. This village, which consists principally of one
|street, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river
|Thames, opposite Windsor, to which it is connected by a bridge. It
|contains 290 houses, and 2026 inhabitants.
|
22|Eton College, Bucks, 175. This noble seminary of learning was
|founded by the unfortunate Henry the Sixth, in the year 1440. It
|is most advantageously situated in a valley both healthy and
|fertile, through which the river Thames winds its delightful
|course at a short distance from its walls, contributing greatly to
|the beauty of this truly interesting scene.
|
|This institution supports a provost, vice-provost, and seventy
|scholars, with various officers and assistants. Besides which
|there are seldom less than 300 noblemen and gentlemen’s sons, who
|board with the masters, and receive their education at this
|seminary.
|
|The college consists of two quadrangles: one of them is
|appropriated to the school, and the lodging of the masters and
|scholars; the other contains the apartments of the provost and
|fellows, and likewise the library, which is regarded as one of the
|finest in Europe. Some very valuable drawings, paintings, and
|oriental manuscripts, are among its curiosities.
|
|The chapel is a fine gothic structure, ornamented with pinnacles
|and embrasures.
|
68|Ewell, Kent, 10. A parish containing 34 houses, and 172
|inhabitants.
|
13|=Ewell=, Surrey, 61. A market town and parish, containing 194
|houses, and 1112 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated, and
|remarkable for its numerous crystal springs, which unite and form
|the head of a fine stream, called Hog’s Mill River, which falls
|into the Thames at Kingston. The market is on Thursday.
|
172|EXETER, Devon, 116, 147, 197. This city was formerly called
|_Excestor_, or a city standing on the river Ex, and more anciently
|_Isex_; it was the _Isca Danmoniorum_ of the Romans. It is about
|three miles in circumference, a bishop’s see, and contains 3208
|houses, and 20,305 inhabitants, together with fifteen churches
|within the walls, and four without, besides several chapels.
|
|The cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, is a magnificent pile; but
|little of the original fabric remains, except the _Lady Chapel_.
|It has a ring of twelve bells, and an excellent organ. On the left
|side of the altar is still to be seen the seat where Edward the
|Confessor and his Queen sat and installed Leofricus, the first
|bishop, and in the south aisle is the same bishop’s monument. The