|kingdom. It is described to have been, in the year 1612, a hill of
|a mile in compass at the top, having four trenches, and betwixt
|every one an earthen wall, encircling an area within of about
|twenty acres, full of ruins and relics of old buildings: great
|number of Roman coins have been found here, and other works of
|antiquity, among which a silver horse-shoe is mentioned by Stow. A
|part of these ruins is denominated King Arthur’s Palace. The
|rampart is made of large stones, covered with earth, with only one
|entrance facing the east, guarded by several ditches. Various
|opinions are entertained by different writers as to the origin of
|this place; but the most probable conjecture appears to be that of
|attributing it to the Romans.
|
112|Cadbury, North, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 173 houses, and
|810 inhabitants.
|
113|Cadbury, South, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 37 houses, and
|214 inhabitants.
|
8|Cadet Barracks, Kent, 1.
|
205|Cadleigh, Devon, 121. A parish containing 38 houses, and 226
|inhabitants.
|
80|Cadnam, Hants, 87.
|
66|Cake Wood, Wilts, 182.
|
42|Calcot, Berks, 178.
|
42|Calcot Green, Berks, 178.
|
270|Calenick, Cornwall, 129.
|
254|Callerick, Cornwall, 158.
|
87|=Calne=, Wilts, 184. A borough and market town of considerable
|antiquity, supposed to have risen out of the ruins of an old Roman
|colony on the other side of the river Calne, near Studley, where
|many Roman coins have been found. Here was one of the palaces of
|the West Saxon kings; and it also had a castle, but there are now
|no traces thereof left. The town is well built, and the church is
|a large structure, with a handsome square tower.
|
|This town has of late years experienced many improvements, through
|the patronage of the Marquis of Lansdown. It stands on the river
|Marden, whence it has a good supply of water, and by the side of
|which are many fulling and corn mills.
|
|Calne contains 775 houses, and 3767 inhabitants; its chief
|manufactory is cloth; and it has a market on Tuesday.
|
89|Cain Hill, Wilts, 199.
|
71|Cambreach, Wilts, 182.
|
115|Camel Hill, Somerset, 166.
|
116|Camel West, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 38 houses, and 224
|inhabitants.
|
|Cams, East, Hants, 222.
|
103|Canford Bottom, Dorset, 90.
|
101|Canford Bridge, Dorset, 90.
|
100|Cann, Dorset, 138. A parish containing 32 houses, and 203
|inhabitants.
|
55|CANTERBURY, Kent, 8, 11. A city, and the metropolitan see of all
|England. It is situated in a pleasant valley, between hills of a
|moderate height and easy ascent, among which are several springs.
|The river Stour passes here, and dividing into several small
|streams, forms islands of various sizes, in one of which the
|western part of the city stands.
|
|It was the _Durovernum_ of the Romans; and the Britons called it
|_Caer Kent_, that is, the city of Kent. It is mentioned as a city
|in Antonine’s Itinerary, and its ancient importance appears from
|the strong military causeways leading to Dover and Lymme through
|the city, as well as the many Roman vestiges and coins found in
|and about the neighbourhood; and its archiepiscopal and
|metropolitan dignity seems also to have been settled very early.
|
|This city was given entirely to the bishops by William Rufus; and
|it was held in particular veneration after the murder of Becket,
|in the reign of Henry the Second; to whose shrine, so great were
|the offerings, that Erasmus says, the whole church and chapel in
|which he was interred, glittered with jewels.
|
|The cathedral has been several times destroyed by fire: the
|present structure was built about the year 1174; but not entirely
|completed till the reign of Henry the Fifth: kings, princes,
|cardinals and Bishops, are buried in it. During the great
|rebellion it suffered much; Cromwell made a stable of it for his
|dragoons; but after the restoration it was repaired. The body of
|the church measures 178 feet from the western door to the choir
|steps; and the breadth, including the aisles, 71 feet, and the
|vaulted roof 80 feet. It was new paved with Portland stone, in
|1788. The choir is the most spacious of any in the kingdom, being
|180 feet in length from the western door to the altar. The altar
|piece was designed by Sir James Burrough, master of Caius College,
|Cambridge; and the great stained window is the most beautiful of
|the kind in England. In 1784, an elegant organ was put up, built
|in the Gothic style. Behind the altar is the beautiful chapel of
|the Holy Trinity, in the middle of which stood the shrine of St.
|Thomas à Becket; part of the flat is curiously inlaid with mosaic
|work, and contains the episcopal chair, composed of three pieces
|of grey marble. In the mint yard, within the precincts of this
|church, is a public grammar school, founded by Henry the Eighth.
|
|Christ’s-church gate is an elegant structure, built in 1517. From
|this gate you have a view of Oxford steeple, a tower 130 feet
|high, with four handsome pinnacles; and that stately tower called
|Bell Harry steeple, being 235 feet high; on its top hangs a small
|bell, called _Bell Harry_, which is tolled every day for prayers:
|but never rung, except on the death of a King, Queen, or
|Archbishop.
|
|The four principal streets are disposed in the form of a Cross,
|and divided into six wards. It is called the city, and county of
|the city of Canterbury, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, 12
|aldermen, 24 common councilmen, with a sheriff and coroner, and 4
|serjeants at mace. It has sent members to parliament ever since
|the reign of Edward the First. Great improvements have been made
|here lately; the streets, which were formerly paved with flints,
|are now smooth pavements; the old signs and projecting buildings
|are removed, the whole is well lighted with lamps, and a regular
|watch set at 10 o’clock.
|
|A slip of land, called _Dungehill_, of about six acres, having an
|artificial mount, is now converted into the City Mall; the sides
|are adorned with spiral walks to the top, the old towers with
|shrubberies, and the old ramparts are also converted into a
|beautiful terrace. The Guildhall, in High Street, is a handsome
|and lofty building, adorned with the portraits of the City
|benefactors. Over the Canterbury bank are some large and elegant
|assembly rooms. Its manufactures are of worsted, silk, and cotton;
|the former furnishes employment for several hundred persons, in
|the fabrication of what is called Canterbury muslins. The city is
|surrounded on all sides with extensive hop grounds, contains 16
|parishes, 2018 houses, and 10,498 inhabitants, and is famed for
|its excellent brawn.
|
|The Archbishop of Canterbury is primate and metropolitan of all
|England, and is the first peer in the realm; and wherever the
|court may be, the King and Queen are his proper domestic
|parishioners.
|
|To the cathedral belongs 1 archbishop, 1 dean, 1 chancellor, 1
|archdeacon, 12 prebends, 6 preachers, 6 minor canons, 6
|substitutes, 12 lay clerks, 10 choristers, 2 masters, 50 scholars,
|and 12 almsmen.
|
29|Capel, Surrey, 64. A parish containing 99 houses, and 675
|inhabitants. A singular phenomenon is recorded to have happened
|here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth: part of a hill was divided
|from the other part, and removed to some distance.
|
79|Carmor Common, Hants, 91.
|
223|Carneglos, Cornwall, 154.
|
112|Carnicot, Somerset, 188.
|
233|Cartuther, Cornwall, 124.
|
254|Carvath, Cornwall, 127.
|
261|Carvoza, Cornwall, 128.
|
260|Castle, Cornwall, 128.
|
100|Castle, Wilts, 164.
|
241|Castle Down, Cornwall, 156.
|
115|Castleton, Dorset, 140. (_see Sherborne_)
|
|Catersfield, Hants, 222.
|
139|Catcott, Somerset, 191. A hamlet containing 66 houses, and 391
|inhabitants.
|
30|Catherine Hill, Surrey, 27.
|
|Catwater, Devon, 122. (_See Plymouth._)
|
102|Causeway, Dorset, 139.
|
98|Chaddenwych Barn, Wilts, 164.
|
130|Chalice Hill, Somerset, 190.
|
23|Chalk, Kent, 4. A parish containing 62 houses, and 322
|inhabitants.
|
24|Chalk Church, Kent, 4.
|
39|Chalkwell, Kent, 6.
|
69|Chandler’s Ford Bridge, Hants, 78.
|
113|Chapel Bridge, Somerset, 166.
|
44|Chapel, North, Sussex, 38. A parish containing 93 houses, and 621
|inhabitants.
|
100|Chapel Plaste, Wilts, 200.
|
|Chapmanslade Cross Roads, Wilts, 205.
|
138|=Chard=, Somerset, 143, 145. A market town and parish. The town
|consists chiefly of two streets, intersecting each other, composed
|of good commodious houses. The church is a low building,
|possessing nothing remarkable either in internal or external
|decorations. At the angle where the two streets meet, stands an
|ancient Gothic building, formerly a chapel, but now used as a town
|hall.
|
|Chard contains 534 houses, and 2784 inhabitants. Several streams
|run through the town, and keep it clean. The assizes were held
|here formerly, and the town sent members to parliament; but it
|lost the privilege by negligence. At the west end of the town
|rises a very fine spring, conveyed by leaden pipes to four
|conduits, which supply the inhabitants with water. The market is
|held on Monday, and is abundantly supplied with corn.
|
136|Chard Common, Somerset, 143.
|
136|Chard Elm, Somerset, 143.
|
141|Chard, South, Somerset, 144.
|
253|Charlstown, Cornwall, 127.
|
107|Charlton Down, Dorset, 107.
|
141|Charmouth, Dorset, 112. This village derives its name from its
|situation near the mouth of the river Char. It stands at the foot
|of an amazing hill, no less than 1000 feet high, opposite to which
|is another 970 feet high. Here the Danes twice defeated the
|English; but, in 833, they were in turn completely routed, with
|the loss of nearly their whole fleet, consisting of 35 sail. It
|contains 64 houses, and 369 inhabitants.
|
|Charterhouse Hinton, Somerset, 204.
|
30|=Chatham=, Kent, 4. This town is situated by the river Medway, and
|is joined to Rochester, to which it is a suburb. It was built by
|King Charles the Second after the Dutch war; but the dock was
|begun by Queen Elizabeth, and has been so much improved, that it
|is now the first arsenal in the world. The houses of the various
|officers are well built, and some of them even stately. The
|dock-yard, including the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in
|length, and some of the store rooms are near 700 feet long.
|Although the stores of the navy are so immense in these magazines,
|every thing is arranged in the greatest order. Here are upwards of
|20 smiths’ forges constantly at work, and some of the anchors that
|are made weigh near five tons. The new rope-house is 1140 feet in
|length, in which cables are made 120 fathoms long, and 22 inches
|round. In the yard are four docks for repairing, and six slips for
|building, new ships. The ordnance wharf, which adjoins hereto, was
|the original dock, where the guns belonging to each ship are now
|arranged in tiers, with the names of the vessels they belonged to
|marked above them.
|
|In 1558 the _Chest of Chatham_ was instituted by the seamen in the
|service of Queen Elizabeth, each paying a portion of his pay for
|the relief of the sufferers in the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
|There is also here an hospital for the relief of aged mariners or
|shipwrights.
|
|At the entrance of the town stands the victualling office, whence
|his Majesty’s ships at Chatham and Sheerness are supplied with
|provisions. Near it stands the chapel of ease to the parish
|church, it is a circular building, the walls of which are three
|feet thick, and appears of great antiquity, probably of Norman
|origin by the architecture. This chapel is 74 feet long and 20
|wide, the west end and steeple having been added in 1743.
|
|Chatham is defended by the castles of Upnor and Gillingham; the
|first is almost opposite the dock on the west side of the river.
|Gillingham Castle is a very strong fortification, and has a
|complete command of the river.
|
|The church stands on a hill adjoining the ordnance office; it
|contains several elegant marble monuments, and the ordnance office
|has granted a piece of ground, a little distance therefrom, as a
|burial ground, where a ship is used as a church for the sailors.
|
|In 1667 the Dutch fleet proceeded up the Medway, took Sheerness,
|and did considerable damage to Chatham.
|
|The population of Chatham has of late years considerably
|increased; it contains 1715 houses, and 10,505 inhabitants,
|exclusive of Gillingham, which contains 715 houses, and 4135
|inhabitants: and it has a market on Saturday.
|
48|Chawton, Hants, 82, 95. This parish contains 64 houses, and 372
|inhabitants.
|
84|Cherhill, Wilts, 184. A hamlet in the parish of Calne, containing
|60 houses, and 304 inhabitants.
|
183|Cheriton Cross, Devon, 148.
|
61|CHICHESTER, Sussex, 36, 40, 41, 216. A city and county of itself;
|containing nine parishes, 821 houses, and 4744 inhabitants. It is
|situated in a pleasant vale on the little river Lavant, which
|washes it on all sides, except the north, and is said to have been
|built by _Cissa_, the second king of the South Saxons, and named
|_Cissan Caester_. It consists of four principal streets, in the
|form of a cross, is surrounded with a stone wall, and had formerly
|four gates: the streets are broad, handsome, and well paved, and
|there are six parish churches within the walls. This city sends
|two members to parliament, and is governed by a mayor, recorder,
|and 38 common councilmen, 4 justices of the peace being chosen out
|of the aldermen. An ancient nunnery founded here, is now converted
|into an hospital which has a very neat chapel. The Guildhall,
|situated in an obscure part of the city, is a spacious ancient
|building, and the council chamber, which is over the market house,
|supported by pillars, is both neat and elegant, adjoining to which
|is a subscription assembly room, and there is a small theatre,
|situated at the bottom of South-street.
|
|The bishop’s palace, erected in 1727, has very commodious and well
|laid-out grounds. The cathedral, which is built in the form of a
|cross, on the site of St. Peter’s the Great, and dedicated to the
|Holy Trinity, is an elegant Gothic structure; the spire nearly 300
|feet high. The choir of late has been neatly repaired, and has a
|well-furnished library. In the south aisle is painted the history
|of its foundation, and under it are the portraits of our kings,
|from William the Conqueror to Edward the Sixth, continued in the
|chapter house and library, to George the Second: on the east side
|are the bishops. The see was translated here from Selsea, in the
|reign of William the Conqueror. In a nich, near the east door of
|St. Peter’s the Great, which stands within the cathedral, is a
|statue of bishop Seiffrid, who built the church in 1199, together
|with the palace, cloisters, &c.
|
|In the centre of the town stands a neat cross, of an octagonal
|form, supported on 8 arches. Adjoining the fish shambles, in the
|South-street, is a large reservoir and conduit of excellent water,
|with the figure of an ancient Druid above.
|
|In 1727, a Roman pavement was discovered here, and on the _brill_,
|near the city, is a Roman camp of an oblong square, supposed to
|have been raised by Vespasian; and from the soil being a hard
|gravel, must have been a work of great labour. There are vestiges
|of another about a mile and a half west, called Gonshill.
|
|The inconvenient distance of the town from the sea, has been
|partly remedied by a canal to Brocklesham bay. The haven affords
|excellent lobsters, and every other Wednesday there is here one of
|the largest markets for sheep and black cattle in the county,
|which not only supplies the city, but sends vast quantities to
|Portsmouth and London.
|
94|Chicklade, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 25 houses, and 150
|inhabitants.
|
93|Chicklade Bottom, Wilts, 163.
|
40|Chidingfold, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 162 houses, and 848
|inhabitants.
|
137|Chidiock, Dorset, 112. A township and chapelry, containing 107
|houses, and 578 inhabitants.
|
117|Chilcompton, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 74 houses, and 348
|inhabitants.
|
|Chilhampton, Wilts, 208.
|
134|Chillington Down, Somerset, 143.
|
162|Chilson, Somerset, 194.
|
162|Chilson Heathfield, Somerset, 194.
|
66|Chilton, Berks, 181. A parish containing 48 houses, and 244
|inhabitants. This place gave birth to the Lord Chief Justice
|Crook.
|
140|Chilton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 53 houses, and 310
|inhabitants.
|
88|Chilvester Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
|Chilworth, Hants, 211. A parish containing 18 houses, and 132
|inhabitants.
|
|Chilworth Common, Hants, 211.
|
125|Chinnock, East, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 60 houses, and
|505 inhabitants. This place is noted for a brackish spring,
|although 20 miles from the sea.
|
125|Chinnock Hutts, Somerset, 142.
|
93|=Chippenham=, Wilts, 185. A borough and market town, situated on
|the river Avon, over which it has a handsome bridge of 16 arches,
|and is mentioned to have been of considerable strength and
|importance in the time of Alfred the Great. The church is a
|venerable Gothic structure, supposed to have been built by the
|Hungerford family, whose arms are still to be seen upon its walls.
|The houses in general are neat and well built. It has a
|considerable manufacture of superfine woollen cloth; sends two
|members to parliament, and contains 667 houses, and 3366
|inhabitants. The market on Saturday is well supplied with all
|kinds of provision, and great quantities of corn.
|
74|Cholderton, Wilts, 160. A parish containing 35 houses, and 127
|inhabitants.
|
69|Cholderton, East, Hants, 159.
|
100|=Christchurch=, Hants, 94. A borough and market town, pleasantly
|situated at the conflux of the rivers Avon and Stour, which, about
|a mile and a half distant, falls into the sea at Christchurch bay.
|It derives its name from a collegiate church built here by the
|West Saxons, and was formerly called Christchurch Twynham, and had
|also a castle.
|
|The river Avon was made navigable from Salisbury in 1680, and is
|famous for its salmon fishery. A little to the east is Hordell
|Cliff, which runs for a mile along the shore, and is 150 feet
|above the level of the sea. Christchurch sends two members to
|parliament, contains 290 houses, and 1410 inhabitants, having a
|considerable trade in knit silk stockings and watch chains. Market
|on Monday.
|
181|=Chudleigh=, Devon, 118. A market town and parish, situated near
|the river Teign, having a considerable woollen manufactory. Here
|was formerly a Benedictine monastery, and a palace of the bishop
|of Exeter. It gives title of baron to the Clifford family;
|contains 360 houses, and 1786 inhabitants, and has a market on
|Saturday.
|
183|Chudleigh Bridge, Devon, 118.
|
22|Cippenham Court, Bucks, 175.
|
96|City, The, Wilts, 200.
|
3|Clapham, Surrey, 45. This village consists chiefly of one long
|street, and a number of handsome houses surrounding a common,
|which is so well planted with various trees, that it has now the
|appearance of a park: though, formerly, it was little better than
|a morass. This improvement was chiefly effected by a subscription
|of the inhabitants. Near the road to Wandsworth is a reservoir of
|fine water, which supplies the parish. On the north-east corner of
|the common, a new church was erected in 1776, at the expence of
|£ll,000; but it has no cemetery. On the site of the old church a
|new chapel has been lately erected, in which the funeral service
|is performed when there are any interments. Clapham contains 480
|houses, and 3864 inhabitants.
|
3|Clapham Common, Surrey, 45, (_See Clapham._)
|
|Clapham Common, Sussex, 218.
|
30|Clarks Green, Surrey, 64.
|
76|Clatford, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 26 houses, and 122
|inhabitants.
|
|Clay Street, Wilts, 210.
|
47|Clayton, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 55 houses, and 337
|inhabitants.
|
50|Clerken Green, Hants, 99.
|
232|Clicker, Lower, Cornwall, 124.
|
231|Clicker Tor, Cornwall, 124.
|
51|Cliff, Sussex, 59. (_See Lewes._)
|
120|Clifton, Gloucester, 203. (_See Bristol._)
|
256|Clisey Hill, Cornwall, 127.
|
176|Clopton Bridge, Devon, 117.
|
77|Clorus’s Camp, Wilts, 103, 135. Clorus’s Camp, or _Figbury Ring_,
|is situated on a commanding eminence. This entrenchment is of a
|circular form, and comprehends an area of nearly fifteen acres
|within the outer vallum, which is forty-six feet in height, and
|1078 yards in circumference. The principal entrance faces the
|east, and is defended by two outworks; there are also two other
|openings, one towards the south, and the other towards the west,
|and a deep ditch, excavated within the area, apparently the
|boundary of a lesser camp.
|
210|Coadron, Devon, 152.
|
102|Coal Cot, Wilts, 172.
|
|Coates, Sussex, 218. A parish containing only 6 houses, and 30
|inhabitants.
|
143|Coaxdon Common, Dorset, 144.
|
144|Coaxdon Mill, Dorset, 144.
|
144|Coaxdon, Lower, Dorset, 144.
|
19|Cobham Street, Surrey, 25. A parish pleasantly situated by the
|river Mole, over which are two neat brick bridges. It contains 208
|houses, and 1200 inhabitants. Here are two medicinal springs,
|Cobham Wells, and the Spa; formerly much noted, but now in no
|repute. On the banks of the Mole there are several charming
|villas, and the river affords plenty of pike, trout, perch, eels,
|&c.
|
139|Cock Hill, Somerset, 191.
|
52|Cocking, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 49 houses, and 300
|inhabitants.
|
51|Cocking Common, Sussex, 35.
|
|Codford, St. Mary, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 31 houses, and
|187 inhabitants.
|
|Codford, St. Peter, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 71 houses, and
|399 inhabitants.
|
107|Cogley Wood, Somerset, 173.
|
124|Coker Hill, Somerset, 142.
|
123|Coker, West, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 128 houses, and
|758 inhabitants.
|
238|Coldrigen, Cornwall, 156.
|
176|=Collumpton=, Devon, 196. A market town, situated on the river
|Culm, which joins the Ex two miles above Exeter, and over which it
|has a bridge. Its principal trade is in woollen cloth, serges, and
|corduroys. It contains 615 houses, 3138 inhabitants, and has a
|market on Saturday. The church is a large and curious structure in
|the Gothic style; and formerly contained the figure of St. Columb,
|which was much resorted to by pilgrims: the gilded roof of the
|church is still preserved.
|
249|Colly Green, Cornwall, 126.
|
17|=Colnbrook=, 174. A market town situated on the river Coln; part
|of it is in Middlesex, and part in Bucks. It consists chiefly of
|one street, in the middle of which stands the chapel of ease, with
|a market house under it, where a market is held on Thursday.
|
46|Colthook Common, Sussex, 38.
|
202|Combe, Devon, 151.
|
132|Combe, Somerset, 143.
|
84|Combe Bisset, Wilts, 104.
|
86|Combe Common, Wilts, 104.
|
98|Combe Cross, Wilts, 138.
|
|Comb Down, Somerset, 204.
|
10|Combe Wood, Surrey, 24.
|
143|Common, South, Dorset, 144.
|
65|Compton, Hants, 78. A parish containing 34 houses, and 225
|inhabitants.
|
85|Compton Basset, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 71 houses, and 366
|inhabitants.
|
90|Compton Chamberlain, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 48 houses,
|and 283 inhabitants.
|
112|Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 30 houses,
|and 207 inhabitants.
|
|Copperas Gap, Sussex, 219.
|
62|Corhampton, Hants, 96. This village contains 18 houses, and 130
|inhabitants.
|
97|=Corsham=, Wilts, 186. A market town and parish, consisting
|chiefly of one street; which is neat and well built, with a
|handsome market house: the church is an ancient building. It is a
|pleasant and healthy place, but standing on a dry stoney soil is
|not fertile, and its chief support is the woollen manufacture. The
|fields in the neighbourhood are in general inclosed with stone
|walls instead of hedges. It contains 458 houses, and 2402
|inhabitants. Market on Wednesday.
|
67|Cosham, Hants, 32, 214, 223.
|
141|Cossington, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 49 houses, and 237
|inhabitants.
|
111|Coston, Somerset, 202.
|
|Cotley Hill, Wilts, 206.
|
108|Cottage Crescent, Somerset, 187.