Sopheric age, =1=, 399. _See_ Liturgy, the.
=Tephillin.= _See_ Phylacteries.
=Teraphim=, the, the Israelites believe in, =1=, 75.
=Tertullian=, Church Father, prohibits intercourse between heathens
and Christians, =2=, 476-7.
=Teruel=, opposition to the Inquisition in, =4=, 328.
“=Teshuboth=,” by Dunash ben Labrat against Saadiah, =3=, 226.
=Tetragrammaton=, the, pronounced by Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 122.
=Tetrarch=, title of the governors of Judæa, =2=, 81.
_See also_ Herod I; Herod Antipas; Phasael; Philip.
=Teutomania=, retards the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 516.
=Texeira=, a family of Marranos in Holland, =4=, 690.
=Texeira, Diego, de Mattos=, banker in Hamburg, =4=, 690-1; =5=, 140.
=Texeira, Manoel= (Isaac Señor, 1630-1695), diplomat in Hamburg,
Sabbatian, =5=, 140.
intercedes for the Jews of Vienna, =5=, 171.
=Texeiras=, the, millionaires in Hamburg, =5=, 205.
=Texel=, Polish Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
=Thabit=, a friend of the Benu-Karaiza, =3=, 81.
=Thafar.= _See_ Zafara.
=Thapsacus= (Tiphsah), frontier town of Israel under David, =1=, 129.
=Theatre=, the, in the time of the Amoraim, =2=, 542.
=Thebes=, Zealots flee to, after the destruction of Jerusalem, =2=,
318.
=Thebes, the Jews of=, occupations of, =3=, 425.
fine Talmudists, =4=, 406.
=Themudo, George=, inquires into the life of the Portuguese
Marranos, =4=, 489.
=Theobald=, count of Chartres, imprisons the Jews of Blois on the
blood accusation, =3=, 379.
offers to release them for a sum of money, =3=, 379.
has them burnt at the stake, =3=, 380.
=Theodatus=, Ostrogoth, supported by the Jews, =3=, 31-2.
=Theodebert=, of Austrasia, permits Jews to own slaves, =3=, 34.
=Theodora=, wife of Justinian I, and her Samaritan favorite, =3=, 17.
=Theodoric=, of Burgundy, permits Jews to own slaves, =3=, 34.
Jews in the army of, =3=, 36.
=Theodoric=, founder of the Ostrogothic empire, =3=, 27.
hostile to the Jews, =3=, 29-30.
protects Jewish slave-owners, =3=, 30-1.
successors of, =3=, 31.
=Theodosia.= _See_ Kaffa.
=Theodosia, the straits of=, the Jews of the Byzantine empire settle
on, =3=, 123.
=Theodosius I= (the Great, 379-395), emperor, protects the Jews and
the Patriarchs from the bishops, =2=, 612-13.
orders the rebuilding of a synagogue at Callinicus, =2=, 614.
enacts laws for and against the Jews, =2=, 615.
division of the Roman empire under, =2=, 615.
the laws of, govern the Jews of Italy, =3=, 28-9.
=Theodosius II=, emperor of the East, forbids the building of
synagogues, =2=, 617.
bestows distinctions on Gamaliel V, =2=, 617-18.
orders the Spanish Jews to cease mockery of Christianity, =2=, 620.
rebuked by Simon Stylites, =2=, 621-2.
anti-Jewish laws of, enforced by Justin I, =3=, 10.
expels the Jews from their quarter in Constantinople, =3=, 26.
anti-Jewish decree of, revived, =3=, 171.
=Theodosius=, Samaritan champion in the dispute with the Egyptian
Judæans, =1=, 517.
=Theodotion=, translation of the Scriptures by, used by Origen, =2=,
489.
=Theodotus=, Egypto-Samaritan poet, extols Shechem, =1=, 517.
=Theodotus=, envoy of Nicanor to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 484.
=Theodus=, introduces a substitute for the Paschal lamb, =2=, 68.
“=Theologico-Political Treatise=, The,” by Spinoza, an apology for
freedom of thought, =5=, 95.
on the source of law, =5=, 96.
on the state, =5=, 96-7.
on freedom of thought, =5=, 97.
displays hatred of Jews and Judaism, =5=, 97-8, 100-3.
on God, =5=, 98-9.
on man, =5=, 99-100.
on knowledge, =5=, 100-1.
on Christianity, =5=, 102-3.
on the Jewish state, =5=, 103-7.
published anonymously, =5=, 108.
produces a stir, =5=, 108.
=Theology=, Jewish, first developed by Hillel, =2=, 327.
“=Theorica=,” astronomical work translated by Moses Isserles, =4=,
638.
=Theosophy=, in the Kabbala, =3=, 550.
=Thessalonica=, Judæans in, =2=, 203.
Paul establishes a Greek-Christian community in, =2=, 228.
_See_ Salonica.
=Thessaly=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Theudas=, a false Messiah, end of, =2=, 198.
=Thibaut=, of Champagne, agrees to surrender Jews from the Isle de
France to Philip Augustus, =3=, 406.
=Thibaut=, professor, protects the Jews of Heidelberg, =5=, 531.
=Thibet=, under the jurisdiction of the Exilarch, =3=, 429.
=Thiers=, struggle of, with Louis Philippe, =5=, 648.
espouses the side of Ratti Menton, =5=, 648-9, 650, 658.
questioned by Fould on the Damascus affair, =5=, 649.
opposes the Jewish envoys in Egypt, =5=, 659.
=Thiery=, competes for the Metz prize on the Jewish question, =5=,
434.
=Thirty Years’ War=, the, effect of, on the Jews, =4=, 701-2, 707.
Jewish victims of, seek refuge in Poland, =5=, 2.
awakens Messianic hopes, =5=, 23.
=Tholuck=, exegete, =5=, 695.
=Thomas à Becket=, rouses fanaticism, =3=, 409-10.
=Thomas Aquinas.= _See_ Aquinas, Thomas.
=Thomists=, the, opposed to Reuchlin, =4=, 456.
satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461.
=Thompson=, chairman of the Mansion House meeting, on the Damascus
affair, =5=, 656.
=Thonon=, the Jews of, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104.
=Thrace=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
“=Three Communities=, The,” Altona, Hamburg, Wandsbeck, =5=, 238.
Eibeschütz rabbi of, =5=, 254, 256.
espouse the cause of Eibeschütz, =5=, 260.
=Throne Chamber=, the, in the House of the Forest of Lebanon,
=1=, 168-9.
=Thuringia=, adopts the Jewish statute of Frederick the Valiant, =3=,
569.
=Thuringia, the Jews of=, perish during the Black Death persecutions,
=4=, 109.
assaulted by the imperial army against the Hussites, =4=, 225.
=Tibbon.= _See_ Jacob ben Machir Tibbon; Judah ben Moses; Judah ben
Saul; Samuel ben Judah Ibn-Tibbon.
=Tibbon family=, the, instructors in medicine, =3=, 582.
=Tibbonide party=, the, in favor of the study of science, =4=, 32, 34.
appeals to Solomon ben Adret, =4=, 33.
obtains the ascendancy in Montpellier, =4=, 39.
issues a counter-ban against the opponents of science, =4=, 40-2.
appeals to the secular authorities in Montpellier, =4=, 41.
defends Maimonides, =4=, 42.
emigrates to Perpignan, =4=, 50.
=Tiberias=, built by Herod Antipas, capital of his tetrarchy, =2=,
137.
pious Judæans refuse to live in, =2=, 137-8.
conference at, called by Agrippa I, =2=, 195-6.
given to Agrippa II by Nero, =2=, 246.
a focus of insurrection in Galilee, =2=, 272.
population of, Zealots, =2=, 273-4.
partisans of Rome in, =2=, 274.
jealous of Sepphoris, =2=, 276.
men of, meet with Josephus at Bethmaon, =2=, 279.
ordered by the Synhedrion not to protect Josephus, =2=, 281.
rebellion in, fomented by Josephus, =2=, 283.
seat of Agrippa II’s Jewish governors of Galilee, =2=, 333.
declared clean by Simon ben Jochai, =2=, 448-9.
the seat of the Patriarch, =2=, 480.
the new-moon announced in, =2=, 480.
meeting place of disciples, =2=, 493-4.
sinks into insignificance, =2=, 560.
the first church at, built by Joseph, the apostate, =2=, 565.
partially destroyed, =2=, 570.
the birthplace of the Jerusalem Talmud, =2=, 612.
the text of the Bible studied at, =2=, 623.
seat of authority for the Jews in the sixth century, =3=, 12.
seat of a bishopric, =3=, 12.
Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 369.
burial place of Maimonides, =3=, 493.
rebuilt by Joseph Nassi, =4=, 610-11.
grave of Luzzatto at, =5=, 244.
=Tiberias, the Jews of=, flee to escape taxation, =2=, 463.
join Sharbarza, =3=, 19.
join an expedition against the Christians of Tyre, =3=, 20.
driven out by Omar, =3=, 87.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
=Tiberias, the school of=, =2=, 148.
loses prestige, =2=, 532, 537.
end of, under Constantius, =2=, 567.
gives religious instruction to the Arabian Jews, =3=, 59.
=Tiberias=, lake, description of, =1=, 42.
district about, subjugated by Ben-hadad I, =1=, 191.
tract near, given to Joseph Nassi, =4=, 596, 610.
=Tiberinus, Matthias=, physician, testifies to Simon of Trent’s
violent death, =4=, 298.
=Tiberius=, emperor, lightens the taxes of Judæa, =2=, 135.
antipathy of, towards Judæans, =2=, 135-6.
instrumental in banishing Judæans from Rome, =2=, 136-7.
friendly to Judæans, =2=, 172-3.
helps Herod Antipas against the Nabathæans, =2=, 173.
death of, =2=, 174.
kindness of, to Agrippa I, =2=, 176.
imprisons Agrippa I, =2=, 176.
=Tiberius=, emperor of the East, the Jews under, =3=, 18.
=Tiberius Julius Alexander=, son of the Alabarch Alexander Lysimachus,
renegade from Judaism, =2=, 184, 235.
procurator of Judæa, =2=, 198.
unpopularity of, =2=, 198-9.
governor of Egypt, =2=, 199.
orders a massacre of Judæans, =2=, 263-4.
won over to Vespasian’s side, =2=, 300.
aids Titus in the siege of Jerusalem, =2=, 302.
=Tibni=, king of Israel, chosen by the opponents of Omri, =1=, 192.
=Ticini=, Bernardinus of Feltre preaches against the Jews
in, =4=, 296.
=Tiflis=, a Karaite center, =3=, 158.
=Tiflisites=, a Karaite sect, =3=, 158.
=Tiglath-Pileser=, king of Assyria, designs of, on Palestine,
=1=, 258-9.
captures Damascus, =1=, 259.
invades the kingdom of Israel, =1=, 259-60.
=Tigranes=, king of Armenia, threatens to invade Judæa, =2=, 55-6.
attacked by Lucullus, =2=, 56.
=Tigranes=, son of Alexander and Glaphyra, king of Armenia, =2=, 128.
=Tigris=, the district of, the Jews of, in the twelfth century,
=3=, 428-33.
=Tikkunim=, Sabbatian prayer books, =5=, 139.
=Tilly=, general, plunders the Jews, =4=, 701.
=Timnath-Serah=, seat of Joshua =1=, 41.
=Timotheus=, Ammonite leader, defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474.
attacks the trans-Jordanic provinces, =1=, 475, 476.
=Tiphsah= (Tapuach), refuses to admit Menahem, the murderer of
Shallum, =1=, 244.
=Tirado, Jacob=, leader of the Portuguese Marranos emigrating to the
Netherlands, =4=, 664, 665.
saves the Marranos of Amsterdam, =4=, 666.
builds the first synagogue in Amsterdam, =4=, 667.
=Tirhakah=, king of Egypt, at war with Sennacherib, =1=, 276.
=Tirzah=, capital of the kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, =1=, 189.
under Baasha, =1=, 190.
revolution in, =1=, 191.
abandoned as the capital of Israel, =1=, 192-3.
=Tithes=, collected under Ezra and Nehemiah, =1=, 382.
the laws of, moderated by Judah I, =2=, 458-9.
=Tithes, exacted from Jews=, by Innocent III, =3=, 499.
by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 510.
by the Council of Oxford, =3=, 516.
=Titus=, brings Vespasian two legions from Alexandria, =2=, 285.
captivated by Berenice, =2=, 285.
kindly disposed to Josephus, =2=, 288.
takes Gischala, =2=, 290.
goes to Rome to do homage to Galba, =2=, 299.
urges his father to proclaim himself emperor, =2=, 299.
wins Licinius Mucianus to his father’s side, =2=, 300.
in Egypt, =2=, 300.
prepares to besiege Jerusalem, =2=, 301-2.
three Judæan traitors help, =2=, 302.
summons Jerusalem to surrender, =2=, 302.
begins the siege, =2=, 303.
cruelty of, to Judæan prisoners, =2=, 304.
again summons the besieged to surrender, =2=, 305.
hesitates to destroy the Temple, =2=, 307.
enters the Holy of Holies, =2=, 308.
saluted as emperor, =2=, 308.
besieges the upper city, =2=, 309.
treatment of Judæans by, =2=, 312-13.
celebrates his triumph over Judæa, =2=, 313-15.
arch of, =2=, 314.
rewards Josephus, =2=, 317.
protects Josephus from calumny, =2=, 318.
permits the establishment of a school at Jamnia, =2=, 324.
kindly treatment of the Jews by, after the fall of Jerusalem, =2=,
331.
and Berenice, =2=, 332-3.
abandons Berenice and Agrippa II, =2=, 388.
said to have settled Jews in Spain, =3=, 43.
=Titus Aurelius Antoninus Pius.= _See_ Antoninus Pius.
=Tlemçen=, a refuge for persecuted Spanish Jews, =4=, 197.
the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 390.
“=To my Co-religionists= in Hamburg,” by Lazarus Riesser, =5=, 570-1.
“=To the Confusion= of the Jews,” polemic work by Samuel Ibn-Abbas,
=3=, 442.
“=To the Friends= of Lessing,” by Jacobi, =5=, 372.
=Tobba=, name of the Himyarite kings, =3=, 62.
=Tobiades=, the, partisans of Antiochus the Great, =1=, 432.
opposed to Onias III, =1=, 437.
banished by Onias III, =1=, 438.
=Tobiah=, Ammonite leader, marries a Judæan, =1=, 362.
son of, marries a Judæan, =1=, 362.
hostility of, to the Judæans, =1=, 369-70.
vexed at Nehemiah’s appointment, =1=, 374.
disturbs Nehemiah’s work, =1=, 375.
intrigues against Nehemiah, =1=, 376.
a Temple court assigned to, =1=, 383.
expelled from the Temple, =1=, 385.
=Tobiah=, son-in-law of Simon the Just, son of, =1=, 423-5.
=Tobias=, Jewish physician in Trent, on friendly terms with
Christians, =4=, 297.
=Tobiene=, the Judæans in, slaughtered, =1=, 475.
=Tobit, the Book of=, composed under Hadrian, =2=, 430.
admitted into the canon by the Christians, =2=, 488.
=Toble Shacharith=, =2=, 26. _See_ Essenes, the.
=Toda=, queen of Navarre, concludes a treaty with Abdul-Rahman
III, =3=, 216.
=Todros of Beaucaire=, ally of Abba-Mari, =4=, 31.
=Todros ben Joseph Halevi Abulafia= (1234-1304), Kabbalist,
=4=, 1, 2-3.
prominent at the court of Sancho IV, =4=, 2, 52.
opponent of philosophy, =4=, 2.
Kabbalistic work dedicated to, =4=, 3.
=Tôi=, king of Hamath, congratulates David on his Ammonite
victory, =1=, 127.
=Tokat=, the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 405.
the Jews of, accused of murder, =4=, 553.
=Toland, John=, favors the emancipation of the Jews in England,
=5=, 197-8.
“=Toldoth Jesho=,” a Hebrew parody of the gospels, =5=, 185-6.
=Toledano, Daniel=, adviser of Muley Ismail, =5=, 168.
=Toledo=, early settlement of Jews in the environs of, =3=, 43.
played into the hands of Tarik by the Jews, =3=, 109.
Cordova Jews emigrate to, =3=, 255.
the Mahometan court of, cultured, =3=, 291.
taken by Alfonso VI of Castile, =3=, 294.
made Alfonso VI’s capital, =3=, 295.
Jehuda Halevi in, =3=, 324.
college at, presided over by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 338.
Jews of Lucena emigrate to, =3=, 361.
center of Jewish science in the twelfth century, =3=, 361, 362.
scene of a civil war, =3=, 363.
synagogue in, erected by Joseph Ibn-Shoshan, =3=, 384.
study of the Talmud at, =3=, 386.
the center of the supposed well poisoners, =4=, 101.
synagogue built in, by Samuel Abulafia, =4=, 119-20.
lost by Pedro, =4=, 124.
cortes of, disapprove of the Inquisition, =4=, 313.
tribunals of the Inquisition in, =4=, 325.
cortes of, enforce Jew quarters, =4=, 335.
rabbis of, ordered to inform against Judaizing Marranos, =4=, 335.
refuge of the Abrabanels, =4=, 341.
synagogue of, turned into a church, =4=, 354.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
=Toledo, the Council of= (589), passes anti-Jewish decrees, =3=, 46.
(633), decrees of, against back-sliding converts, =3=, 49-50, 51.
(the eighth) confirms the anti-Jewish laws of the fourth
Council, =3=, 102.
cited by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 511.
=Toledo, the Jews of=, give a written assurance of their acceptance
of Christianity, =3=, 103-4.
well treated by Alfonso VI, =3=, 295.
prosperity and culture of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 384.
assist Alfonso VIII against the Almohades, =3=, 386-7.
attacked by foreign crusaders, =3=, 507.
try to prevent the enforcement of Jew badges, =3=, 513.
in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 537-8, 540-1.
under Sancho, =3=, 617.
supposed to be opposed to the study of science, =4=, 38.
ravages of the Black Death among, =4=, 113.
suffer during the civil war between Pedro and Henry II, =4=, 118-19,
124, 126, 136-7.
efforts to reorganize, =4=, 140.
decadence of, =4=, 140, 142.
persecuted in 1391, =4=, 169-70.
=Toletum.= _See_ Toledo.
=Tomaso=, Father, in Damascus, disappearance of, =5=, 634-5.
Jews suspected to be the murderers of, =5=, 635.
reward for the murderer of, =5=, 652.
inscription on the tomb of, =5=, 668.
=Tongern, Arnold of=, Dominican professor of theology, =4=, 424.
tool of Hoogstraten, =4=, 450.
satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461.
=Torah=, the. _See_ Law, the; Pentateuch, the.
=Toro=, fortress of, Pedro decoyed into, =4=, 118.
the cortes of, petition that restrictions be laid on the Jews,
=4=, 138-9.
the Jews of, accept baptism, =4=, 205.
=Toron de los Caballeros=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=,
427.
=Torquemada, Thomas de=, confessor of Isabella of Castile, =4=, 310.
refutes the work of a Marrano, =4=, 312.
appointed inquisitor, =4=, 319.
appointed inquisitor-general of Spain, =4=, 324.
appoints Inquisition tribunals in different parts of Spain, =4=,
324.
appoints inquisitors for Aragon, =4=, 326.
publishes the “Constitutions” for inquisitors, =4=, 326-7.
has two Marrano bishops burned, =4=, 333.
bids the rabbis of Toledo inform against Judaizing Marranos,
=4=, 335-6.
condemns Jews to the stake on the blood accusation, =4=, 343.
urges the expulsion of the Jews, =4=, 346, 348.
forbids intercourse between Christians and the exiled Jews, =4=,
350.
tries to convert the Jews, =4=, 350.
complains of the Marranos, =4=, 355.
victims delivered to the Inquisition by, =4=, 356.
in fear of assassination, =4=, 356.
=Torre de Montcorvo=, Jewish center in Portugal, =4=, 159.
=Tortosa=, traces of early Jewish settlements near, =3=, 42-3.
birthplace of Menachem ben Saruk, =3=, 225.
the Jews of, converted, =4=, 206.
=Tortosa, the religious disputation at=, =4=, 207-15.
Jewish delegates to, not firm, =4=, 208, 210.
Jewish delegates to, unfairly treated, =4=, 212.
Vincent Ferrer’s converts brought to, =4=, 215.
=Tossafists=, the, disciples of Rashi, =3=, 344, 345.
acumen of, =3=, 344-5.
divide the study of the Talmud into two branches, =3=, 345.
as Bible exegetes, =3=, 345.
in Champagne, =3=, 403-4.
in England, =3=, 409.
in Germany, =3=, 419.
leniency of, =3=, 470.
methods of, transplanted to the East, =3=, 506.
of northern France, anti-Maimunists, =3=, 529.
activity of, during Louis IX’s persecutions, =3=, 586-7.
compilers in the thirteenth century, =3=, 587.
_See in the list of_ Talmudists.
=Tossafoth=, supplements to Rashi’s commentary on the Talmud, =3=,
344.
on the Pentateuch, =3=, 345.
“the Old,” collected by Isaac ben Samuel, =3=, 404.
“Sens,” compiled by Samson ben Abraham, =3=, 408.
new collection of, by Samuel ben Solomon Sir Morel, =3=, 586.
=Tossafoth Yom-Tob=, commentary on the Mishna, by Lipmann
Heller, =4=, 704.
=Tou.= _See_ Tôi.
“=Touchstone=, The,” satire by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, =4=, 63.
=Toulouse=, Jews remain in, after the banishment by Charles
VI, =4=, 176.
the Talmud burnt at, =4=, 55.
=Toulouse, the Jews of=, attacked at Easter, =3=, 174.
persecuted by Alice of Montmorency, =3=, 514.
protected by Simon de Montfort, =3=, 514.
not forced to wear the Jew badge, =3=, 514.
converted under Philip IV, =4=, 48.
during the Pastoureaux massacre, =4=, 56.
=Touraine=, the Jews of, under Henry II, =3=, 409.
=Tours=, the Council of, re-enacts the anti-Jewish decrees of the
Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 520.
Elias Montalto dies at, =4=, 673.
=Tovey=, on the treatment of Jews under Edward I, =3=, 642.
“=Tower of Strength=, The,” Sabbataï Zevi’s prison at Abydos, =5=,
148.
=Trachonites=, the, conquered and converted by Aristobulus
I, =2=, 37.
=Trachonitis=, given to Philip, son of Cleopatra, by Herod’s
will, =2=, 119.
under Philip, =2=, 137.
given to Agrippa II as a royal province, =2=, 245.
cavalry from, assists the Peace party, =2=, 259, 260.
=Trade.= _See_ Commerce.
=Trades=, among the Jews of the Frankish and Burgundian kingdoms, =3=,
35.
pursued by the German and French Jews in the eleventh century, =3=,
281.
pursued by the Jews of Poland, =4=, 419.
forbidden to the Jews of Alsace, =5=, 348.
opened to the Jews of Austria, =5=, 357.
_See also_ Artisans; Handicrafts.
=Tradition=, rejected by the Sadducees, =2=, 22.
among the Karaites, =3=, 159.
_See also_ Halacha; Law, the oral; Mishna, the; Talmud, the;
Rabbinical Judaism; Talmudical Judaism.
=Trajan=, emperor, hostility of, to the Jews, =2=, 350.
conquest of Parthia by, =2=, 393.
opposed by the Jews, =2=, 393-7.
conquers Adiabene, =2=, 393-4.
fails to make Parthia a Roman province, =2=, 399.
death of, =2=, 399.
=Trani, the Jews of=, ransom Sabbataï Donnolo, =3=, 213.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Translation of the Pentateuch=, into Chaldaic, =2=, 581-2.
into Syriac, =2=, 582.
into Persian, =4=, 401.
by Mendelssohn, =5=, 328-35.
=Translation of the Scriptures=, into Arabic by Saadiah, =3=, 189-90.
into German by Luther, =4=, 469, 475.
into the European languages, =4=, 475.
into Spanish by Abraham Usque, =4=, 475.
during the Reformation, =4=, 540.
into Polish by Simon Budny, =4=, 647.
by Sachs, =5=, 693.
_See also_ Akylas; Septuagint, the; Vulgate, the.
=Translations of the Scriptures=, various, =2=, 489, 581-2.
ordered to be read in Jewish congregations, =3=, 14-15.
not authoritative, =4=, 237.
=Transmigration= of souls (Metempsychosis), the, the doctrine of,
adopted by Isaac the Blind, =3=, 547-8.
in the Kabbala, =3=, 554.
as explained by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 620.
Leo Modena on, =5=, 67.
=Transubstantiation, the dogma of=, expounded by Astruc Raimuch, =4=,
182.
refuted by Solomon Bonfed, =4=, 182.
attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 188.
=Travelers, Jewish=, list of:
Abraham de Beya,
Benjamin ben Jonah of Tudela,
Joseph Zapateiro de Lamego,
Petachya of Ratisbon.
“=Treatise= on the Immortality of the Soul, A,” by Samuel da
Silva, =5=, 59.
“=Treatise= on the Position of the Hebrews, A,” by Simone Luzzatto,
=5=, 81-4.
“=Treatises= of the Righteous Brethren,” adapted by Kalonymos ben
Kalonymos, =4=, 62.
“=Tree of Life=, The,” by Aaron (II) ben Elia Nicomedi, =4=, 95.
=Trent, the Council of=, to deal with the Protestants, =4=, 525.
Paul III abused at, =4=, 525-6.
the Marranos’ right of emigration defended at, =4=, 526.
deals with the Talmud, =4=, 589.
=Trent, the Jews of=, Bernardinus of Feltre preaches against, =4=,
297.
charged with the blood accusation, =4=, 297-9.
burnt, =4=, 298.
=Treves, Israel=, disciple of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, =5=, 237.
=Treves=, pilgrimage to the holy coat of, =5=, 682.
=Treves, the Jews of=, kill their children in the first crusade, =3=,
300.
baptized, =3=, 300.
=Tria=, the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 405.
“=Trial of the World=, The,” by Yedaya Bedaresi, =4=, 49.
=Triana=, castle in, the first house occupied by the Inquisition, =4=,
314.
=Tribal government=, under David, =1=, 122.
=Trier, Solomon=, invites opinions on the obligation of circumcision,
=5=, 677.
=Trieste=, the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
honor shown to Crémieux at, =5=, 668.
=Trieste, the Jews of=, address Mendelssohn in behalf of their normal
school, =5=, 369.
letter addressed to, by Wessely, =5=, 370-1.
=Trietsch=, the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Trigland, Jacob=, inquires into Karaism, =5=, 183-4.
=Trimberg=, castle in which Süsskind sang his poems, =3=, 420.
=Trinity, the, the doctrine of=, introduced into Christianity,
=2=, 500-1.
derived from the Old Testament, =2=, 501.
attacked by Simlaï, =2=, 501-2.
supposed protests against, in Jewish literature, =3=, 15.
discussed by the French Jews in the twelfth century, =3=, 343.
refuted by Nachmani, =3=, 601.
in the Zohar, =4=, 23.
refuted by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, =4=, 141.
expounded by Astruc Raimuch, =4=, 182.
refuted by Solomon Bonfed, =4=, 182.
attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 187.
found in the Kabbala by Pico di Mirandola, =4=, 292.
inculcated by Nehemiah Chayon, =5=, 216-17, 220.
in the Frankist confession of faith, =5=, 280, 281, 285, 287.
belief in, threatened, =5=, 682.
=Tripoli=, Spanish exiles in, =4=, 389.
=Triumvirate, the first=, divides the Roman possessions, =2=, 73-4.
=Triumvirate, the second=, formation of, =2=, 81.
purpose of, =2=, 143.
=Trok= (Troki), Karaite center, =4=, 265; =5=, 182.
=Troyes=, the birthplace of Rashi, =3=, 286.
Rashi the rabbi of, =3=, 287.
rabbinical synods meet at, =3=, 377, 378.
college of, sold, =4=, 48.
the Jews of, compelled to violate the Sabbath, =5=, 451.
“=True Shepherd=, The,” translated by Isabel Correa, =5=, 114.
=Tryphon.= _See_ Diodotus Tryphon.
=Tryphon=, Judæan envoy to Claudius, =2=, 197-8.
=Tsiruf=, Kabbalistic term, =4=, 5.
=Tuch=, exegete, =5=, 695.