principles of, =5=, 565.
achievements of, =5=, 565.
produces a split in Judaism, =5=, 565-6.
aided by Jacobson, =5=, 568.
liturgy of, approved by some authorities, =5=, 569.
action of the Hamburg Dayanim against, =5=, 570.
supported by Lazarus Riesser, =5=, 570.
innovations of, declared heterodox, =5=, 571.
branches of, =5=, 573.
members of, belong to the Society for Culture, =5=, 584.
precipitates a quarrel, =5=, 672.
compiles a new prayer book, =5=, 672-3.
charges of, against Bernays, =5=, 673.
=Reformation, the Protestant=, in Germany, =4=, 422.
affected by the Talmud, =4=, 423.
affected by the study of Hebrew, =4=, 434.
beginnings of, =4=, 467.
pantomime on, =4=, 468.
spread of, =4=, 469.
effect of, on the Jews, =4=, 470-1.
effect of, on Judaism, =4=, 471.
results of, =4=, 540-3.
influence of, in Poland, =4=, 633.
in Poland and Lithuania, =4=, 646-7.
effect of, on the Jews of Poland, =4=, 647-8.
=Reggio=, Italian Jewish scholar, =5=, 622.
=Reggio=, Jewish printing house in, =4=, 289.
Isaac (II) Abrabanel, physician at, =4=, 385.
Jews beg for shelter in, =4=, 660.
Jews invited to settle in, =4=, 675.
Mordecai of Eisenstadt in, =5=, 209.
=Regnault=, French state councilor, advocates Jewish emancipation,
=5=, 480-1.
=Rehoboam=, son of Solomon, =1=, 177.
undisputed succession of, =1=, 179.
lacks ability, =1=, 179-80.
and the rebellious Shechemites, =1=, 180-1.
flees from Shechem, =1=, 182.
makes a treaty with the king of Damascus, =1=, 183.
fortifies Jerusalem, =1=, 184.
defeated by Shishak, =1=, 184-5.
indifference of, =1=, 188.
permits Astarte worship, =1=, 188-9.
end of the reign of, =1=, 189.
=Reign of Terror=, the, suffering of the Jews under, =5=, 450.
end of, =5=, 452.
=Reimarus, Eliza=, friend of Lessing, =5=, 320.
collects subscriptions for Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation,
=5=, 329.
brother-in-law of, =5=, 333.
=Reimarus, Hermann Samuel=, predecessor of, =5=, 179.
rejects revealed religion, =5=, 319-20.
work by, published by Lessing, =5=, 320-3.
=Reïs=, Arabic word for Nagid, =3=, 443.
=Reischer, Nehemiah=, excommunicated by Chayim of Lublin, =5=, 261.
=Release, the year of.= _See_ Sabbatical year, the.
=Relics=, the miracle working power of, discussed by the Jews of
France, =3=, 343.
=Religious offices=, not to be accepted from Christians, =3=, 518.
“=Religious Poetry= of the Jews in Spain,” by Sachs, =5=, 693-4.
=Rembrandt=, supplies engravings for a work by Manasseh ben
Israel, =5=, 38.
=Remonstrants=, the, a religious party in Holland, =4=, 673.
complain of the Jews, =4=, 673, 674.
=Renaissance=, the, of the Jewish race, =5=, 291-2.
=Renaissance of Judaism=, the, consequences of, =5=, 374-5.
description of, =5=, 589-90, 591-2.
shaped by Poland, =5=, 607.
=Rephaim=, the original inhabitants of Canaan, =1=, 2.
=Rephidim=, station of the Israelites on their journey through the
desert, =1=, 21.
=Resettlement=, the, of the Jews in England. _See under_ England.
=Resh-Galutha.= _See_ Exilarch.
=Resh-Kalla=, title of the professors in Babylonia, =2=, 547.
title of the chief of the Kairuan community, =3=, 210.
title given to Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 217.
=Resh-Lakish.= _See_ Simon ben Lakish.
=Resh-Metibta=, director of the school sessions in Babylonia, =2=,
547.
=Resh-Sidra=, principal of a school, =2=, 512.
“=Restorers= of the Law,” Simon ben Shetach and Judah ben
Tabbaï, =2=, 49.
=Resurrection= of the dead, the, a foreign element in the divine
service, =1=, 401, 405-6.
and the apostle Paul, =2=, 225-6.
bodily, denied by the Tiflisites, =3=, 158.
as taught by Maimonides and his disciples, =3=, 475-6, 487-8.
treatise on, by Samuel ben Ali, =3=, 476.
treatise on, by Maimonides, =3=, 488.
=Retribution, the doctrine of=, among the Pharisees, =2=, 18.
among the Sadducees, =2=, 21.
according to the Mishna, =2=, 472-3.
in the Kabbala, =3=, 555.
=Return= from the Captivity, the, =1=, 351-6.
“=Return= of the Jewish Warrior, The,” painting by Oppenheim, =5=,
601.
“=Return= of the Jews, The,” by Isaac La Peyrère, =5=, 25.
=Reubell=, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 441, 448.
=Reuben, the tribe of=, asks for land east of the Jordan, =1=, 29-30.
harassed by the Moabites, =1=, 125.
district of, taken by Hazael, =1=, 220.
descendants of, in Chaibar, =3=, 437.
=Reubeni, David.= _See_ David Reubeni.
=Reuchlin, John= (Capnion, 1455-1522), suggested as Pfefferkorn’s
coadjutor, =4=, 431-2.
rôle of, in the Protestant Reformation, =4=, 432.
as a humanist, =4=, 432.
studies Hebrew, =4=, 433.
writes a panegyric on the Hebrew language, =4=, 433-4.
taught by Obadiah di Sforno, =4=, 434, 473.
compiles a Hebrew grammar, =4=, 434.
disciples of, =4=, 434.
prejudice of, against Jews, =4=, 435.
charges the Jews with blasphemy, =4=, 435.
honors conferred upon, =4=, 435.
discredited with the Dominicans, =4=, 435-6.
invited to join Pfefferkorn, =4=, 436.
appointed to direct the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=,
437, 441.
issues an opinion favorable to Jewish literature, =4=, 441-3.
advises the teaching of Hebrew at German universities, =4=, 443.
declares the Jews entitled to the privileges of the Holy Roman
empire, =4=, 443.
defends the Jews from the charge of heresy, =4=, 443-4.
opinion of, on Jewish literature opened by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 445.
complains to Maximilian I of Pfefferkorn, =4=, 446.
publishes the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 446-8.
charged with having been bribed to defend the Talmud, =4=, 447.
summoned to answer the charge of heresy, =4=, 450.
charges against, =4=, 450-1.
appears in Mayence, =4=, 451.
execution of the judgment against, delayed, =4=, 452.
appeals to Leo X, =4=, 453, 454.
examination of, ordered by Leo X, =4=, 454.
appears in Speyer, =4=, 454.
exonerated, =4=, 455.
enemies of, =4=, 456.
adherents of, =4=, 456-7.
excused from appearing at Rome, =4=, 458.
Maximilian I intercedes for, =4=, 458-9.
cause of, in Paris, =4=, 459-60.
supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 462.
cause of, submitted to the fifth Lateran Council, =4=, 464.
cause of, favorably decided, =4=, 465.
on the Kabbala, =4=, 466-7, 481, 583.
in the pantomime on the Reformation, =4=, 468.
publishes a work on Hebrew accents, =4=, 471.
encourages the study of the Bible, =4=, 474.
cause of, espoused by Lorenzo Pucci, =4=, 503.
introduces Rabbinical literature to Christians, =5=, 179.
=Reuchlinists=, the, composed of Young Germany, =4=, 456-7.
motto of, =4=, 457.
friends of the Jews, =4=, 457.
conspire against Hoogstraten, =4=, 465.
=Reuel=, father-in-law of Moses, =1=, 14.
=Revelation=, the belief in, shaken in the time of Saadiah, =3=, 198.
the belief in, =5=, 715-16.
“=Revelation= according to the System of the Synagogue,” by Steinheim,
=5=, 604-6.
=Revolution.= _See_ February revolution, the; French revolution, the;
July revolution, the.
=Rezin=, becomes king of Damascus, =1=, 177.
allies himself with the kings of Israel and Judah, =1=, 248.
ally of Pekah against Judah, =1=, 258.
slain, =1=, 259.
=Rhabanus Maurus=, abbot of Fulda, dedicates his works to the empress
Judith, =3=, 162.
indebtedness of, to Jews, =3=, 163.
=Rheims=, rabbinical synods meet at, =3=, 377.
rabbi of, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
study of Hebrew at the university of, =4=, 474.
=Rheingau=, the, the Jews of, molested, =4=, 543.
=Rhenish Confederation=, the, Prince Primate of, =5=, 504.
dissolution of, =5=, 505.
=Rhine district, the, the Jews of=, origin of, =3=, 40-1.
during the first crusade, =3=, 300, 305.
devoted to the study of the Talmud, =3=, 345.
during the second crusade, =3=, 352.
protected by Bernard of Clairvaux, =3=, 353.
observe a fast for the Jews of Blois, =3=, 380.
emigrate, =3=, 638.
assaulted by the imperial army, =4=, 225.
find a refuge in Poland, =4=, 420.
=Rhine district, the Lower.= _See_ Alsace; Lorraine.
=Rhine district, the Upper=, the Jews of, banished, =4=, 107.
propose a distinction for Crémieux, =5=, 670.
=Rhineland, the, the Jews of=, during the Armleder persecutions, =4=,
97.
urged to emigrate to Turkey, =4=, 271-2.
the poll-tax abolished in, =5=, 468.
present addresses to the Synhedrion, =5=, 496.
=Rhinokolura=, the river of Egypt, boundary of Israel under
David, =1=, 129.
south-western limit of Judæa under Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 46.
=Rhodes=, Herod presents himself before Octavius at, =2=, 101.
criminal colony of Turkey, =4=, 599.
prophets at, silenced by Sabbataï’s apostasy, =5=, 157.
=Rhodes, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
the blood accusation brought against, =5=, 640-1.
tortured, =5=, 640, 641.
revision of the trial of, =5=, 647.
acquitted, =5=, 647.
=Rhodez=, Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 373, 374.
=Rhodosto=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
Cardoso at, =5=, 207.
=Rhyme=, introduced into neo-Hebraic poetry under Arab influences,
=3=, 116.
=Rhynsburg=, Spinoza at, =5=, 95.
=Rhynsburgians=, a Dutch sect, =5=, 94.
=Ri.= _See_ Isaac ben Samuel.
=Riba.= _See_ Isaac ben Asher Halevi.
=Riban.= _See_ Jehuda ben Nathan.
=Ribash.= _See_ Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat.
=Riblah=, Necho at, =1=, 299.
Nebuchadnezzar at, =1=, 313.
dignitaries of Jerusalem beheaded at, =1=, 314.
=Riccio, Paul=, apostate, translates the Kabbalistic writings of
Joseph Jikatilla, =4=, 466.
=Richard I=, of England, concludes a truce with Saladin, =3=, 405.
first persecution of English Jews at the coronation of, =3=, 409-10.
protects the Jews, =3=, 411.
joins the third crusade, =3=, 411.
orders those guilty of the massacre of the Jews to be punished, =3=,
416.
capture of, =3=, 418.
wishes to appoint Maimonides his physician, =3=, 474.
=Richard=, brother of Henry III, the Jews of England pledged
to, =3=, 590.
=Richelieu=, celebrated by Enriquez de Paz, =5=, 111.
=Richelieu, due de=, expels the German Jews from Bordeaux, =5=,
343-4.
=Richter, Friedrich= (Jean Paul), attitude of, towards the
Jews, =5=, 533.
=Riess, David=, permitted to have a private synagogue in Prussia, =5=,
191.
=Riesser, Gabriel= (1806-1860), grandfather of, =5=, 330.
father of, =5=, 570-1.
character of, =5=, 598.
attitude of, towards Judaism, =5=, 599.
unable to procure a position as jurist, =5=, 599.
works for the emancipation of the German Jews, =5=, 599.
criticises the Germans and the Jews, =5=, 599-600.
advocates the formation of societies for the emancipation of the
Jews, =5=, 600.
influence of, =5=, 600-1, 602.
honored by the Jews of Baden, =5=, 601.
contest of, with Judæophobists, =5=, 601-2.
puts the Jewish question on the liberal programme, =5=, 602.
friend of, =5=, 602.
proposes means of commemorating the services of Montefiore and
Crémieux, =5=, 669-70.
secretary of the Hamburg Reform Temple Union, =5=, 672.
and the proscription of the new prayer book, =5=, 673.
asked to join the “Friends of Reform,” =5=, 675-6.
in the Prussian Landtag, =5=, 697.
=Riesser, Lazarus=, supports the Hamburg Reform Temple Union,
=5=, 570-1.
=Rieti.= _See_ Moses ben Isaac da Rieti.
=Rigle=, the, festival lectures at Sora, =2=, 515.
of the Exilarch, =2=, 607.
=Rihana=, a woman of the Benu-Kuraiza, taken captive by Mahomet, =3=,
81.
=Rimmon=, the plain of, battle on, in the Bar-Cochba revolt, =2=, 416.
=Rindfleisch persecution=, the, of the German Jews, =4=, 35-7.
“=Rites=, The,” by Leo Modena, translated by Richard Simon, =5=, 180.
=Ritual=, the, work on, by Samuel ben Chofni, =3=, 253.
=Ritual murder.= _See_ Blood accusation, the.
=Rivarola=, cardinal, promises to remove Tomaso’s tombstone, =5=, 668.
=Rizba.= _See_ Isaac ben Abraham.
=Rizpah=, wife of Saul, =1=, 95.
coveted by Abner, =1=, 110.
sons of, killed, =1=, 123.
devotion of, =1=, 123-4.
“=Roaring= of the Lion, The,” by Leo Modena, =5=, 73.
=Robert=, archbishop, ordered to enforce the decrees of the Fourth
Lateran Council in Hungary, =3=, 521.
=Robert of Anjou=, king of Naples, protector of the Jews, =4=, 59.
appealed to by the Jews of Rome, =4=, 61.
patron of Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, =4=, 61, 63.
taught by Leone Romano, =4=, 68.
patron of Shemarya Ikriti, =4=, 69, 70.
=Robert, Ludwig=, brother of Rachel Levin, =5=, 534.
=Robert, Rachel.= _See_ Levin, Rachel.
=Robespierre=, favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 441.
fall of, =5=, 452.
=Robles, Antonio=, Marrano, indicted as a Papist, =5=, 49.
=Rocamora, Vincent (Isaac) de= (1601-1684), Marrano monk, poet and
physician, returns to Judaism, =5=, 109-10.
judge of poetry, =5=, 113.
=Roderic=, the last of the Visigothic kings of Spain, =3=, 109.
=Rodosto.= _See_ Rhodosto.
=Rodrigo=, physician of, at the congress summoned by João
II, =4=, 367.
=Rodrigo, João, de Castel-Branco.= _See_ Amatus Lusitanus.
=Rodrigues, Isaac=, member of Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
deputy of the French Jews, =5=, 438.
=Roger=, count of Béziers, Jews under, =3=, 395.
=Roger II=, of Sicily, permits the Jews to have their own
jurisdiction, =3=, 422-3.
brings Jews from Greece, =3=, 424.
=Rohrer, Joseph=, writes against the Jews, =5=, 472.
=Roïm.= _See_ Pastoureaux.
=Rokeach.= _See_ Eleazar ben Jehuda.
=Rolls=, the, contain a register of the property of English
Jews, =3=, 588.
=Romagna=, the, the Talmud burnt in, under Julius III, =4=, 565.
=Roman=, distinction between, and non-Roman disappears, =2=, 468.
=Roman eagle=, the, torn down by Judæans, =2=, 115, 121.
=Roman era=, the, used in public documents, =2=, 134.
=Roman exile=, the, =2=, 321.
=Roman garrison= of Jerusalem, the, under Metilius, =2=, 255.
capitulates to the Zealots, =2=, 260.
retreats to the towers of the wall, =2=, 260.
destroyed by the Zealots, =2=, 261.
=Roman governors= of Judæa, the, severity of, =2=, 241. _See_ Judæa,
the Roman governors of.
=Roman provinces=, the, rebel against Hadrian, =2=, 399.
the Jews of. _See under_ Jews, the.
=Roman Senate=, the, acknowledges the rights of Ptolemy VI, =1=, 506.
gives Cyrene to Ptolemy VII, =1=, 507.
defied by Ptolemy VI, =1=, 507.
promulgates a law against Judaism in Rome, =2=, 136.
=Roman standard=, the, obnoxious emblems on, =2=, 139.
=Romano, Solomon.= _See_ Baptista, John.
=Romans=, the, defeat Antiochus the Great, =1=, 434.
in the second century before the common era, =1=, 443.
favor Antiochus IV, =1=, 443.
espouse the cause of Egypt against Antiochus IV, =1=, 453.
order Lysias to give up elephants in the army, =1=, 481-2.
Judas Maccabæus negotiates with, =1=, 485-6.
allies of Judæa under Simon Tharsi, =1=, 525-6.
embassy sent to, by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 4-5.
forbid Antiochus IX to molest the Judæans, =2=, 9.
besiege the Temple, =2=, 123.
take of the Temple treasures, =2=, 124.
end the revolt against Sabinus, =2=, 126.
leaning of, towards Judaism, =2=, 136-7.
in Judæa despise the Judæans, =2=, 246-7.
of Judæa receive Hadrian with servility, =2=, 406.
kindly treated by the Jews under Bar-Cochba, =2=, 411-12.
under Antoninus Pius, persecute the Jews, =2=, 446.
_See also_ Rome.
=Romantic movement=, the, in Germany, =5=, 515-16.
=Romanus=, teacher of Alexander Severus in Jewish customs, =2=, 482.
=Rome= (city), Judæans in, before Pompey’s time, =2=, 67.
Judæan quarter in, =2=, 68.
struggle of parties in, after Cæsar’s death, =2=, 79-80.
conversions to Judaism in, =2=, 383-5.
the bishops of, bring about the Catholic Church, =2=, 500.
a synagogue in, burnt by Christians, =2=, 614.
the fall of, and the Jews, =3=, 27-8.
the Jewish community in, under the Ostrogoths, =3=, 28.
riot in, against Jewish slave-owners, =3=, 30-1.
immorality of, in the ninth century, =3=, 169.
Council of, decrees against Jews’ holding offices, =3=, 293-4.
Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 369-71.
declared a republic, =3=, 370.
exiled Jews settle in, =4=, 408.
David Reubeni at, =4=, 492, 493.
sack of, confirms Messianic hopes, =4=, 497.
Marranos of, permitted to profess Judaism, =4=, 500.
Solomon Molcho at, =4=, 502-4, 505-7.
flood in, =4=, 505.
the Inquisition at, authorized, =4=, 525.
Marranos well treated at, =4=, 525.
the Talmud burnt at, =4=, 565.
Nathan Ghazati at, =5=, 161.
=Rome (city), the Jews of=, protected by Gregory I, =3=, 33.
do honor to Alexander III, =3=, 421.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
live secure until the fourteenth century, =4=, 58.
prosperity and culture of, =4=, 58-9.
order a translation of Maimonides’ works, =4=, 60.
threatened with banishment, =4=, 61.
oppose the influx of Spanish exiles, =4=, 363.
ill-treated by Paul IV, =4=, 567.
do homage to Pius IV, =4=, 588.
obtain privileges from Pius IV, =4=, 588.
permitted to remain on the expulsion of Jews from the Papal States,
=4=, 591, 659.
number of, in the sixteenth century, =4=, 653.
under Sixtus V, =4=, 655-6.
intercede for the Jews of Vienna, =5=, 171.
return to the Ghetto under Pius VII, =5=, 518.
=Rome (city), the Judæans of=, power of, =2=, 68.
banished to Sardinia, =2=, 136-7.
first religious persecutions of, =2=, 137.
number of, =2=, 202.
in part banished by Claudius, =2=, 202.
avoid the arch of Titus, =2=, 314-15.
=Rome (empire)=, Herod’s submission to, =2=, 105.
the Temple placed under the protection of, =2=, 111.
Judæa wholly in the possession of, =2=, 128.
subdued by Christianity, =2=, 174, 559.
Agrippa I makes plans against, =2=, 195-6.
the yoke of, on Judæa, =2=, 233-4.
the Judæan insurrection against, begun, =2=, 255.
taxes of, not paid in Judæa, =2=, 258.
allegiance to, renounced in Judæa, =2=, 259.
in the estimation of the Jewish and the Pagan Christians, =2=, 369.
the last emperors of, =2=, 526.
weakness of, at home, =2=, 526-7.
invaded by Parthians and Goths, =2=, 527.
loses its importance, =2=, 560.
revolt of the Jews against, under Constantius, =2=, 570.
dissolution of, =2=, 604-5.
_See also_ East, the, empire of; Romans, the; West, the, empire of.
=Rome (empire), the Jews of=, appeal to Marcus Aurelius for the
abolition of anti-Jewish laws, =2=, 449.
favored by Julian the Apostate, =2=, 597.
under Theodosius the Great, =2=, 614-15.
_See also_ Jews, the.
the Judæans of, favored by Cæsar, =2=, 76.
mourn the murder of Cæsar, =2=, 79.
favored by Octavius, =2=, 103.
_See also_ Judæans, the.
=Rome, Little=, name of Cæsarea, =2=, 106.
=Ronda=, Berber ruler of, slain by the Arabs, =3=, 276.
=Rosales=, a Jewish author, made count palatine, =4=, 692.
=Rosh=, title of the chief of the Kairuan community, =3=, 210, 211.
=Rostock=, the theological faculty of, forbids the employment of
Jewish physicians, =4=, 692.
=Rothenburg= on the Tauber, the Jews of, indifferent to the
confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 438.
=Rothschild, James de=, entertains the diplomatic corps at
Paris, =5=, 529.
action of, in the Damascus affair, =5=, 653.
=Rothschild, Lionel de=, refused his seat in Parliament, =5=, 698.
=Rothschild, Mayer Amschel=, obtains the emancipation of the
Frankfort Jews, =5=, 505.
civic honors of, =5=, 514.
the son of, before the Congress of Vienna, =5=, 514.
=Rothschild, Nathaniel M. de=, acts in the Damascus affair, =5=,
645, 651.
obtains a revision of the trial of the Jews of Rhodes, =5=, 647.
dignity of, =5=, 653.
an English Peer, =5=, 698.
=Rothschilds, the, the house of=, a power, =5=, 513.
the residence of, mobbed, =5=, 529.
awe of, =5=, 530.
zealous in the Damascus affair, =5=, 646.
hostile to Thiers, =5=, 649.
appeal to, from Damascus, =5=, 651.
attempt to extort money from, =5=, 655.
=Rotterdam=, the second Jewish colony of Holland, =4=, 685.
=Röttingen=, the Jews of, burnt by Rindfleisch, =4=, 35.
=Rouelle=, the, a Jew badge introduced into France in the fourteenth
century, =4=, 131.
=Rouen=, the Jews of, persecuted, =3=, 299.
=Rouen, the Council of=, forbids Jews to keep Christian slaves or
nurses, =3=, 294.
re-enacts the decrees of the fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 520.
=Roundheads.= _See_ Puritans.
=Rousseau= praises Pereira’s sign language, =5=, 343.
=Roussillon=, French exiles emigrate to, =4=, 49.
=Rubianus, Crotus= (Johann Jäger), espouses Reuchlin’s cause, =4=,
456.
writes the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461-2.
=Rubio, Abraham=, Sabbatian, =5=, 145.
=Ruchaïm.= _See_ Solomon ben Yerucham.
=Rückert=, inspires Sachs, =5=, 692.
=Rüdiger, Huozmann=, bishop of Speyer, grants privileges to the Jews,
=3=, 297-8.
=Rudolph (I) of Habsburg=, emperor, Jews persecuted before the
crowning of, =3=, 611.
extorts money from the Jews of Germany, =3=, 634.
grants privileges to the Jews of Ratisbon, =3=, 635.
confirms the Jewish statute of Frederick the Valiant, =3=, 635.
ratifies papal bulls protecting the Jews, =3=, 635.
blood accusations under, =3=, 635-7.
confiscates the property of the Jews of Mayence, =3=, 636.
imprisons Meïr of Rothenburg, =3=, 639.
=Rudolph II=, emperor, attitude of, towards the Jews, =4=, 652.
=Rudolph=, a French monk, preaches the second crusade in Germany, =3=,
351.
arouses the people against the Jews, =3=, 351.
denounced by the clergy, =3=, 352-3.
disappears, =3=, 353-4.
=Ruez, Juan=, inquisitor appointed by Sixtus IV, =4=, 312.
=Rufinus=, chamberlain of Arcadius, favorably disposed to the Jews,
=2=, 615-16.
=Rufus=, commander of the Tenth Legion, takes Simon bar Giora
prisoner, =2=, 313.
=Rufus, Annius=, third procurator of Judæa, =2=, 135.
=Rufus, Tinnius=, governor of Judæa, retreats before Bar-Cochba, =2=,
411.
=Rufus, Turnus=, general, sent to Judæa by Hadrian, =2=, 421.
draws the plow over Jerusalem, =2=, 421.
severity of, towards Akiba, =2=, 428.
cruelty of, to the dead, =2=, 430.
wife of, and the Jews, =2=, 432.
=Rühs, Friedrich=, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 517.
=Rupert of the Palatinate=, emperor, accession of, =4=, 178.
privileges granted by, to Jews, confirmed, =4=, 219.
=Russia=, Jews not allowed in, under Ivan IV, =4=, 633.
allied with the Cossacks, =5=, 14.
inflicts suffering upon the Polish Jews, =5=, 14-15.
supports Turkey, =5=, 634.
in the Quadruple Alliance, =5=, 658.
=Russia, the Jews of=, begin to study the Talmud, =3=, 421.
represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, =4=, 644.
condition of, inquired into by Alexander I, =5=, 472-3.
certain classes of, exempt from exceptional laws, =5=, 473.
forced to attend schools, =5=, 473.
forced into the cities, =5=, 473.
=Russia, Little=, the Cossacks enjoy independence in, =5=, 2.
the Jews of, massacred, =5=, 10.
=Russia, West=, the Haidamaks in, =5=, 11.
the Jews banished from, =5=, 12.
=Russians=, the, wage war with the Chazars, =3=, 221.
=Ruta al Jahud=, a fortress near Saragossa, =3=, 42.
=Ruth, the Book of=, composed to counteract Ezra’s views on
intermarriage, =1=, 370-1.
=Ruthard=, archbishop of Mayence, permits the massacre of Jews by
crusaders, =3=, 303, 306.
accused before Henry IV, =3=, 307.
flees to Erfurt, =3=, 307.
=Ruthenia=, rabbinical schools established in, =4=, 420.
=Ruy Capron=, ancestor of the Jew hater Pacheco, =4=, 278.
=S=
=Saad-Addaula= (Mordecai Ibn-Alcharbiya), physician to Argun, =3=,
638.
regulates the finances of Argun, =3=, 646.
advises diplomatic connections with Europe, =3=, 647.
administration of, =3=, 647-8.
patron of learning, =3=, 648.
intrigue against, by the Mahometans, =3=, 648-9.
Mongol enemies of, =3=, 649.
execution of, =3=, 649.