=3=, 187, 188.
last important exponent of Eastern Judaism, =3=, 188.
wide knowledge of, =3=, 188.
decided character of, =3=, 188.
attacks the Karaites, =3=, 189.
translates the Bible into Arabic, =3=, 189-90.
Hebrew grammar and lexicon by, =3=, 190.
attacks the Karaite calendar, =3=, 190-1.
later works of, against Karaism, =3=, 192.
appointed Gaon of Sora, =3=, 193.
dissatisfaction of, with Babylonian-Jewish communal life,
=3=, 193-4.
refuses to abet the injustice of the Exilarch, =3=, 195-6.
deprived of his office, =3=, 195.
names Josiah Hassan Exilarch, =3=, 195.
deposed by Caliph Kahir, =3=, 196.
at Bagdad, =3=, 196.
arranges a prayer book, =3=, 196.
collects the rules of the calendar, =3=, 196.
writes against Aaron ben Asher, =3=, 196-7, 207.
philosophical works of, =3=, 197-8.
skepticism of the time of, =3=, 198-9.
combats the opinions of Chivi Albalchi, =3=, 199.
in favor with the caliph Abradhir, =3=, 200.
reconciled with David ben Zaccaï, =3=, 200-1.
restored to the Gaonate of Sora, =3=, 201.
responses of, =3=, 201.
son of, =3=, 202.
attacked by Karaites, =3=, 203, 204.
defended by Jacob ben Samuel, =3=, 204.
objects to meter in Hebrew, =3=, 223.
lexicographical work of, supplanted by Menachem ben Saruk’
s, =3=, 225.
works of, criticised by Dunash ben Labrat, =3=, 226.
compared with Haï Gaon, =3=, 250.
philosophical work of, translated into Hebrew, =3=, 397.
denounced as a heretic, =3=, 624.
=Saadio Longo=, poet, patronized by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya II, =4=, 609.
=Saatz=, Hussite victory at, =4=, 226.
=Saba, Abraham.= _See_ Abraham Saba.
=Sabako=, king of Egypt, designs of, on Palestine, =1=, 257.
=Sabbaï=, champion of the Samaritan religion, =1=, 517.
=Sabbataï ben Solomon=, Italian scholar, =3=, 630.
=Sabbataï Donnolo= (913-970), taken prisoner by the Mahometans, =3=,
212.
ransomed in Trani, =3=, 213.
physician to the Byzantine viceroy of Calabria, =3=, 213.
offers to treat Nilus the Younger, =3=, 213.
poetry of, =3=, 223.
=Sabbataï Raphael=, emissary of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 133.
spreads abroad the Messiah’s fame, =5=, 137.
clings to the Messiah after his apostasy, =5=, 157.
encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, Germany, and Amsterdam,
=5=, 160-1.
=Sabbataï Zevi= (1626-1676), compared with Spinoza, =5=, 118.
attractive appearance of, =5=, 118.
boyhood and studies of, =5=, 119.
early marriage of, =5=, 119.
teaches the Kabbala, =5=, 119.
father of, =5=, 119-20.
interested in Messianic speculations, =5=, 120-1.
reveals himself as the Messiah, =5=, 122.
excommunicated and banished from Smyrna, =5=, 122.
gains followers, =5=, 123.
the Messiahship of, confirmed by an old document, =5=, 123.
celebrates his marriage with the Torah, =5=, 124.
banished from Salonica, =5=, 124.
meets opposition at Athens, =5=, 124.
introduced to Raphael Joseph Chelebi, =5=, 125, 127.
attracts the Jews of Jerusalem, =5=, 127.
sent as a messenger to Chelebi, =5=, 127-8.
journey of, to Cairo, =5=, 128.
second marriage of, =5=, 128-9.
beginning of public career of, =5=, 129.
becomes acquainted with Nathan Ghazati, =5=, 131.
threatened with excommunication in Jerusalem, =5=, 132.
preparations for the arrival of, in Smyrna, =5=, 133.
reception of, in Aleppo and Smyrna, =5=, 133.
declares himself the Messiah in Smyrna, =5=, 134.
enthusiasm for, in Smyrna, =5=, 134-5.
sole ruler at Smyrna, =5=, 136.
attracts wide attention, =5=, 137.
honors paid to, =5=, 141-2.
divides the world among his adherents, =5=, 145.
goes to Constantinople, =5=, 145-6.
arrested on his arrival, =5=, 146.
reception of, in Constantinople, =5=, 146-7.
imprisoned with debtors, =5=, 147.
enthusiasm aroused by, in Constantinople, =5=, 147-8.
imprisoned at Abydos, =5=, 148.
celebrates the Passover illegally, =5=, 148-9.
visitors crowd to, =5=, 149.
homage paid to, =5=, 149-50.
abolishes the fast of Tammuz, =5=, 151-2.
summons Nehemiah Cohen, =5=, 152.
betrayed by Nehemiah Cohen, =5=, 153.
conversion of, to Islam resolved on, =5=, 153.
taken to Adrianople, =5=, 154.
converted to Islam, =5=, 154.
third marriage of, =5=, 154.
letters of homage to, from Amsterdam, =5=, 155.
Messianic claims of, acknowledged after his apostasy, =5=, 156-7.
proved the true Messiah by his apostasy, =5=, 157-8.
joined by Nathan Ghazati, =5=, 158.
begins his Messianic doings anew, =5=, 162.
preaches before Jews at Adrianople, =5=, 162-3.
lives as a Jew and a Mahometan, =5=, 165-6.
banished to Constantinople, =5=, 166.
fourth marriage of, =5=, 166.
banished to Dulcigno, =5=, 166.
death of, =5=, 166.
Cardoso declares himself the successor of, =5=, 207.
cause of the failure of, =5=, 209.
supposed son of, =5=, 209.
immorality of the widow of, =5=, 209-10.
successors of, =5=, 211, 230, 274.
biography of, =5=, 212, 266.
_See also_ Sabbatian movement, the; Sabbatians, the.
=Sabbataï Zevi, the followers of=, list of:
Aboab, Isaac, de Fonseca
Abudiente, Abraham Gideon
Aguilar, Raphael Moses d’
Ashkenazi, Jacob
Ayllon, Solomon
Benveniste, Chayim
Berachya,
Bloch, Mattathias
Bonafoux, Daniel Israel
Cardoso, Abraham Michael
Castro, Bendito de
Chayim Malach,
Chayon, Nehemiah Chiya
Chelebi, Raphael Joseph
Cuenqui, Abraham
Duchan, Jacob Israel
Eibeschütz, Jonathan
Faliachi, Jacob
Galante, Moses
Isaiah Chassid,
Jacob Querido,
Judah Chassid,
Leb Herz,
Levi, Isaiah
Löbele Prosnitz,
Mordecai of Eisenstadt,
Moses Meïr Kamenker,
Naar, Isaac
Nathan Benjamin Levi (Ghazati),
Penya, Chayim
Pereira, Abraham
Pinheiro, Moses
Primo, Samuel
Rubio, Abraham
Sabbataï Raphael,
Salvador, Jonah
Silveira, Isaac
Sofino, Raphael
Texeira, Manoel
Wolf, Levi
Yachini, Abraham
Zacut, Moses.
=Sabbath=, the, the observance of, by Babylonian proselytes, =1=, 339.
by Babylonian Judæans, =1=, 364.
as ordered by Nehemiah, =1=, 386-7.
after Nehemiah, =1=, 397-8.
forbidden by Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 456.
according to the school of Shammai, =2=, 131, 132.
by the disciples of Jesus, =2=, 155.
forbidden in Alexandria, =2=, 184.
by Pagans, =2=, 384.
forbidden by Hadrian, =2=, 422.
respected by Honorius, =2=, 617.
forbidden by Jezdijird III, =2=, 627, 628.
as ordained by Anan ben David, =3=, 132.
among the Karaites, =3=, 132, 157, 158, 435; =4=, 269-70.
on Cyprus, =3=, 425.
a sign of heresy, =4=, 316.
by the Marranos of Lisbon, =4=, 489.
song for, =4=, 538.
the center of Lurya’s mystic system, =4=, 626.
Jews of France compelled to violate, =5=, 451.
national according to Holdheim, =5=, 680.
on Sunday, =5=, 687, 702.
“=Sabbath Epistle=, The,” by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 374.
=Sabbatian movement=, the spread of, from Smyrna over Europe,
=5=, 135-41.
and Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 142, 143-4.
the Messiah in, =5=, 142-3.
opposed by the Kofrim, =5=, 144.
strengthened by the Messiah’s imprisonment, =5=, 149-51.
causes stagnation of trade, =5=, 149.
in Italy, =5=, 160-1.
after Sabbataï Zevi’s death, =5=, 207-14.
profligacy sanctioned in, =5=, 210.
growth of, =5=, 211-13, 228-9.
in Poland, =5=, 212, 228.
in Podolia, =5=, 228.
generally opposed by the rabbis, =5=, 245.
history of, =5=, 266.
=Sabbatians=, the, accept Islam, =5=, 154, 211.
ridiculed on Sabbataï’s conversion to Islam, =5=, 155.
threatened with persecution in Turkey, =5=, 156.
refuse to believe Sabbataï’s apostasy, =5=, 156-7.
excommunicated, =5=, 157.
at Adrianople, =5=, 159.
abrogate fasts, =5=, 159.
in Italy, =5=, 160-1.
adhere to Sabbataï, =5=, 163.
character of, unknown, =5=, 259.
existence of, denied, =5=, 271.
encouraged by the Eibeschütz controversy, =5=, 273.
Jacob Frank the leader of, =5=, 273.
=Sabbatical year=, the, kept after Ezra and Nehemiah, =1=, 393.
Alexander the Great remits the tax in, =1=, 415.
abolition of, contemplated by Judah I, =2=, 459-60.
tax during, exacted by Caracalla, =2=, 469.
Jannaï permits the cultivation of the land during, =2=, 469.
=Sabea=, a province of southern Arabia, =3=, 54.
=Sabina, Poppea=, wife of Nero, preference of, for Judaism, =2=, 248.
favorable to Judaism, =2=, 248.
appoints Gessius Florus procurator of Judæa, =2=, 249.
death of, =2=, 251.
releases Pharisees at the instance of Josephus, =2=, 276.
=Sabinus=, treasurer of Augustus, sent to seize Herod’s treasures,
=2=, 123.
instigates a siege of the Temple by the Romans, =2=, 123-4.
appropriates treasures from the Temple, =2=, 124.
urges Quintilius Varus against the Judæan insurgents, =2=, 125.
=Sabureans= (Saboraim), the, post-Amoraic teachers of the Law, render
the Talmud available for practical use, =3=, 6.
commit the Talmud to writing, =3=, 6-7.
chronicle of, by Sherira, =3=, 233.
_See under_ Law, the, the teachers of.
=Sabureans=, the, list of:
Ahunai,
Chanan of Iskia,
Chananya,
Chaninaï,
Giza,
Mar bar Huna,
Mari bar Mar,
Mar-Zutra III,
Rabaï of Rob,
Semuna.
=Sacharya.= _See_ Mar-Sacharya.
=Sachs, Michael= (1808-1864), author of the “Religious Poetry of the
Jews in Spain,” =5=, 555, 693-4.
contributor to the “Kerem Chemed,” =5=, 622.
antagonizes the Berlin Reform Association, =5=, 687.
compared with Holdheim, =5=, 687-8, 692.
compared with the Marranos, =5=, 688.
Hebrew and Greek studies of, =5=, 688.
characteristics of, =5=, 688-9.
attitude of, to the Reform movement, =5=, 689.
dislikes organized action, =5=, 689.
as a preacher, =5=, 689-90, 692.
friendship of, with Rapoport, =5=, 690.
as a Talmudist, =5=, 690, 691.
appointed rabbi in Berlin, =5=, 691.
scorn of, for the German Jewish church, =5=, 691-2.
scientific activity of, =5=, 692-4.
exegetical work of, =5=, 692-3, 695, 699.
=Sacrifices=, the, place of, in the Sinaitic teaching, =1=, 24-5.
in Israel’s early history, =1=, 57.
Samuel’s view of, =1=, 74.
diminished importance of, =1=, 79.
how replaced by the synagogue services, =1=, 401.
to Jupiter, =1=, 455, 456.
daily, paid for by the half-Shekel contributions, =2=, 52.
during the siege of Jerusalem by Aretas, =2=, 60.
offered to the Cæsars, =2=, 103.
offered by Vitellius, =2=, 173.
not opposed by Jesus, =2=, 155.
Jochanan ben Zakkai on, =2=, 209, 324, 325.
offered by heathens, =2=, 258-9.
system of, admired by Julian the Apostate, =2=, 597.
=Sadducæism=, revived by the high priest Anan, =2=, 248.
=Sadducees=, the, the sect opposed in religion and politics to the
Pharisees, =2=, 17.
wherein opposed to the Pharisees, =2=, 18.
pay a tribute to the purity of the Pharisees, =2=, 20.
the kernel of the Hasmonæan following, =2=, 21.
derivation of the name of, =2=, 21.
patriotism of, =2=, 21.
political and religious principles of, =2=, 21-2.
position of, with regard to the Pentateuchal laws, =2=, 22-3.
unpopularity of, =2=, 23.
employed as diplomatists by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 31.
replace the Pharisees in state offices, =2=, 33.
actively opposed by the Pharisees under Alexander Jannæus,
=2=, 42-3.
compose the Great Council, =2=, 42.
favored by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 42-3.
deprived of their seats in the Synhedrion, =2=, 50.
make the sacrifices depend on voluntary contributions, =2=, 52.
persecuted by the Pharisees, =2=, 53, 55.
protected by Salome Alexandra, =2=, 55.
support Aristobulus, =2=, 58.
reconciliation of, with the Pharisees, begun by Hillel, =2=, 98.
a sect of, =2=, 108.
opposed to the oral or traditional law, =2=, 327, 462.
the opposition of, accentuates the legal character of Judaism, =2=,
471.
=Sadolet=, bishop of Carpentras, on Paul III’s friendliness to the
Jews, =4=, 515.
=Safa Berurah=, grammatical work by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 374.
=Safet=, the Jews of, excommunicate the Anti-Maimunists, =3=, 633.
Kabbalistic center, =4=, 74, 399, 405, 622-3.
importance of, =4=, 399, 531.
Spanish exiles in, =4=, 399.
influence of Solomon Molcho in, =4=, 529-30.
Joseph Karo at, =4=, 538.
Azarya deï Rossi’s works declared heretical at, =4=, 616.
Chayim Vital in, =5=, 52.
Luzzatto at, =5=, 244.
=Safi= (Assafi), Spanish exiles in, =4=, 389.
=Safia=, daughter of Hujej Ibn-Achtab, taken captive by Mahomet, =3=,
83.
=Safran=, Karaite center, =3=, 158.
=Sagan.= _See_ Segan.
=Sahaduta di Mehemnuta=, Sabbatian work, =5=, 162.
=Sahal Rabban= (800), physician and mathematician, translates the
Almagest, =3=, 146.
=Said.= _See_ Saadiah ben Joseph.
=Saida.= _See_ Sidon.
=Saif-Eddin Ghasi=, friendly to the Jews of Mosul, =3=, 429.
=St. Bartholomew=, the massacre of, influences the election of the
Polish king, =4=, 604.
=Saint Etienne, Rabaud=, deputy to the National Assembly, speaks in
behalf of the Jews, =5=, 439.
=St. Gall=, the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, =4=, 105.
=St. Gilles=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 399-400.
Jewish deputies meet at, =3=, 509.
=St. Jean d’Acre.= _See_ Accho.
=St. John, Lord Oliver=, English ambassador to Holland, visits a
synagogue, =5=, 33-4.
=St. Paul’s cathedral=, Jews reported to have bought, =5=, 45.
=Saints=, the worship of, discussed by French Jews, =3=, 343.
=Sais=, center of the worship of Neïth, =1=, 300.
=Saladin=, sultan of Turkey, maintains his hold upon Jerusalem, =3=,
405.
power of, =3=, 431.
has a Jewish physician, =3=, 443.
succeeds the Fatimide Caliphs, =3=, 461.
the Jews under, =3=, 461.
at war with Nureddin’s adherents, =3=, 472.
allows Jews to settle in Jerusalem, =3=, 474.
patron of Abdel-latif, =3=, 488.
in “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 324.
=Salamanca, the Jews of=, accept baptism, =4=, 205.
charged with child murder, =4=, 276.
=Salamis=, capital of Cyprus, destroyed by Jewish rebels against
Trajan, =2=, 397.
=Salee=, the Sabbatians of, persecuted, =5=, 151.
=Salerno=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Salins, François=, enemy of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 661.
=Sallam Ibn-Mishkam=, a prominent Nadhirite, urges war against
Mahomet, =3=, 79.
=Salman of Lemberg=, spies upon Luzzatto, =5=, 240.
=Salman of Liadi=, leader of the Chassidim, =5=, 393.
imprisoned, =5=, 394.
=Salome=, sister of Herod, calumniates Mariamne, =2=, 93, 104.
Herod’s suspicions of, =2=, 112.
daughter of, =2=, 112.
conspires against Mariamne’s sons, =2=, 112-13.
ordered to execute prominent Judæans on the day of Herod’s
death, =2=, 116.
bequest to, from Herod, =2=, 119.
disputes the succession of Archelaus, =2=, 120.
towns belonging to, bequeathed to Empress Livia, =2=, 128, 132.
=Salome Alexandra=, wife of Aristobulus I, accused of instigating her
brother-in-law’s murder, =2=, 38.
said to have released Alexander Jannæus from prison, =2=, 39.
partisan of the Pharisees, =2=, 42, 48.
made regent, =2=, 47.
gentle character of, =2=, 47-8.
coins of, =2=, 48.
proclaims Hyrcanus high priest, =2=, 48.
protects the Sadducees, =2=, 55.
treats with the king of Armenia, =2=, 55-6.
end of, =2=, 56.
=Salomon, Gotthold=, preacher of the Hamburg Reform Temple,
=5=, 564-5.
Heine on, =5=, 577.
=Salomons, David=, in the Damascus affair, =5=, 645, 653.
fined for taking his seat in Parliament, =5=, 698.
=Salonica= (Saloniki, Thessalonica), the Jews of, in the twelfth
century, =3=, 424.
Samuel II Abrabanel studies at, =4=, 385.
Spanish spoken in, by the exiles, =4=, 388.
the Spanish exiles at, =4=, 404-5.
becomes a Jewish town, =4=, 404-5.
a Kabbalistic center, =4=, 405, 538.
the Jews of, split up into national groups, =4=, 478.
the Kabbalists of, and Solomon Molcho, =4=, 496-7.
the Jews of, consider trading with Pesaro, =4=, 579.
Amatus Lusitanus in, =4=, 580.
Sabbataï Zevi in, =5=, 124.
the Sabbatian enthusiasm in, =5=, 135.
Nathan Ghazati at, =5=, 160.
the Sabbatians of, devoted to Sabbataï, =5=, 163.
profligacy of the Sabbatians in, =5=, 210.
the Donmäh in, =5=, 211.
growth of the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 211.
Nehemiah Chayon at, =5=, 216.
Jacob Frank in, =5=, 272.
_See also_ Thessalonica.
=Saloniki.= _See_ Salonica.
=Saloniki, Moses=, accused of ritual murder, =5=, 636.
tortured, =5=, 636-7.
=Salt mines=, owned by Jews, =3=, 242.
farmed by Jews, =3=, 521.
=Salt Sea=, the, description of, =1=, 43.
=Salvador, Jonah=, defends the Jews of Metz from the blood
accusation, =5=, 176.
=Salvatierra=, the Jewish community of, destroyed by the Almohades,
=3=, 506-7.
“=Salvation of the Jews=, The,” by Mendelssohn, =5=, 362-3.
=Salvation, the dogma of=, criticised by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, =4=,
235.
according to Joseph Albo, =4=, 240-1.
=Salzring=, in Breslau, scene of the burning of Jews by John of
Capistrano, =4=, 262.
=Samach=, wife of Izates, convert to Judaism, =2=, 216.
=Samael=, chief of demons, introduced into Judaism from Magianism,
=1=, 403.
name of a Sefirah, =4=, 17.
=Samaria= (city) (Sebaste), made the capital of Israel, =1=, 193.
center of Phœnician idol-worship, =1=, 197-8.
Elisha in, =1=, 218.
besieged by Ben-hadad III, =1=, 221-2.
taken by Shalmaneser, =1=, 264.
subdued by Sennacherib, =1=, 270.
gubernatorial seat of Cœlesyria under Macedonian rule, =1=, 414.
a colony of Idumæans near, =2=, 9.
besieged by Hyrcanus, =2=, 10.
capitulates, =2=, 211.
Mariamne married to Herod at, =2=, 87.
incorporated with Judæa under Herod, =2=, 103.
called Sebaste and ornamented by Herod, =2=, 106.
the sons of Mariamne executed at, =2=, 113.
given to Archelaus by Herod’s will, =2=, 119.
ruled by procurators, =2=, 137.
given to Agrippa I, =2=, 190.
Greek citizens of, and Agrippa I, =2=, 194, 196.
Cumanus procurator of, =2=, 242.
a Christian city, =3=, 12.
Samaritans in, in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
=Samaria=, the kingdom of. _See_ Israel, the kingdom of.
=Samaritan=, a, brings about the fall of Bethar, =2=, 417-18.
the, account of the fall of Bethar, =2=, 418.
=Samaritans= (Cuthæans), the, a mixed population colonized in Samaria
by Esarhaddon, =1=, 285.
worship at Mizpah, =1=, 321.
settled to the north of Judæa, =1=, 355.
and the second Temple, =1=, 357.
hostility of, to the Judæans, =1=, 358.
accuse the Judæans of disloyalty to Persia, =1=, 361.
intermarry with the Judæans, =1=, 361-2.
attack Jerusalem, =1=, 371.
take Jerusalem, =1=, 372.
build a Temple on Gerizim, =1=, 390.
declare themselves a remnant of the Ten Tribes, =1=, 390-1.
characteristics of, =1=, 391-2.
the first Jewish sect, =1=, 392.
hostility of, to the Judæans, =1=, 392, 410, 435.
retain the old Hebrew characters, =1=, 396.
reject the prophetical writings, =1=, 400.
reject the dogma of resurrection, =1=, 406.
Andromachos governor of, =1=, 414.
taken captive by Ptolemy I, =1=, 416.
money-lenders among, equip Joseph for court, =1=, 424.
join Gorgias in his invasion of Judæa, =1=, 467.
hostility of, to the Judæans, re-awakened in Egypt, =1=, 515-16.
forced to renounce Judaism by Antiochus IV, =1=, 516.
emigrate to Egypt, =1=, 516.
objection of, to the Septuagint, =1=, 516.
dispute with the Judæans in Egypt, =1=, 516-17.
Greek literature of, =1=, 517.
hostile to Judæa under John Hyrcanus, =2=, 7.
Temple of, destroyed, =2=, 7-8.
pollute the Temple, =2=, 135.
cruelly treated by Pontius Pilate, =2=, 171-2.
murder Galilean pilgrims, =2=, 243.
of Acrabatene, exterminated, =2=, 243.
join the Judæans against Rome, =2=, 268.
influence Hadrian against the Jews, =2=, 403.
receive Hadrian with servility, =2=, 406.
religion of, mocked at by Hadrian, =2=, 407-8.
participate in the revolt of Bar-Cochba, =2=, 410.
testimony of, declared valid, =2=, 457.
enmity of, to the Jews, =2=, 457-8, 534.
compelled to idolatry by Diocletian, =2=, 533.
declared heathens by the Synhedrion, =2=, 534.
weakened by their hostility to the Jews, =2=, 535.
in Babylonia and Abayi Nachmani, =2=, 584.
forbidden to enter military service under Honorius, =2=, 617.
evidence of, declared invalid by Justinian I, =3=, 13.
obliged to assume the decurionate, =3=, 13.
forced into Christianity, =3=, 16-17.
massacre the Christians of Cæsarea, =3=, 17.
oppressed by Justin II, =3=, 17-18.
help the Arabs in Palestine, =3=, 87.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
=Samarkand=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 435.
=Samega=, John Hyrcanus at, =2=, 7.
=Samiel.= _See_ Samael.
=Samogitia=, Karaites in, =5=, 182.
=Samos=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Sampsigeramus=, king of Emesa, allied with Agrippa I, =2=, 195.
=Samson=, judge, fights with the Philistines, =1=, 64, 66.
hero of a poem by Enriquez de Paz, =5=, 111.
subject of Luzzatto’s drama, =5=, 234.
the Syrian Hercules, =5=, 715.
=Samson ben Abraham of Sens=, Tossafist, regards Karaites as
idolaters, =3=, 408; =4=, 72.
emigrates to Jerusalem, =3=, 505.
anti-Maimunist, =3=, 524, 527.
party of, defeated, =3=, 526.
brother-in-law of, =3=, 539.
=Samson ben Meïr=, collects twenty signatures against the study of
science, =4=, 38.
=Samuel=, candidate for the Exilarchate, =3=, 439.
=Samuel=, disciple of Jochanan bar Napacha, defends a political
offender before Zenobia, =2=, 529-30.
=Samuel=, Jewish treasurer of Ferdinand IV of Castile, =4=, 51-2.
=Samuel=, Kabbalist, disciple of Abraham Abulafia, =4=, 6.
=Samuel=, prophet, characterization of, =1=, 72-3.
descent of, =1=, 73.
at Shiloh, =1=, 73.
prophetic inspiration of, =1=, 73, 75.
on sacrifices, =1=, 74.
versed in the Law of Moses, =1=, 74.
reclaims the nation from idolatry, =1=, 75-6.
as a preacher, =1=, 75.
unites the northern and the southern tribes, =1=, 77-8.
holds popular assemblies, =1=, 78.
introduces music into the divine service, =1=, 78-9.
sons of, =1=, 79, 80.
and the demand for a king, =1=, 80.
chooses Saul as king, =1=, 82-3.
abandons Saul at Gilgal, =1=, 86.
accompanies Saul against Nahash, =1=, 90.
anoints Saul, =1=, 90.
reproves Saul for disobedience in the Amalekite wars, =1=, 92-3.
kills Agag, =1=, 93.
anoints David, =1=, 95-6.
influences David, =1=, 96-7.
regulations for pilgrims to the grave of, =4=, 398.
=Samuel the Younger= (Hakaton), condemns the Jewish Christians,
=2=, 357-8.
prophecy of, =2=, 358.
supposed author of the Birchath ha-Minim, =2=, 379.
=Samuel bar Bun=, Amora, contemporary of Ashi, =2=, 609.
=Samuel bar Judah=, Amora, emigrates from Judæa, =2=, 567.
=Samuel ben Aaron=, Karaite, gives an account of Karaism, =5=, 183.
=Samuel ben Abraham Ibn-Chasdaï Halevi= (1165-1216), prominent in
Barcelona, =3=, 388.
=Samuel ben Abraham Saporta=, Maimunist, addresses the rabbis of
France, =3=, 539.
denounces Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 543.
=Samuel ben Ali Halevi=, Talmudist, Gaon of Bagdad, =3=, 438-9.
as a philosopher, =3=, 438.
as a teacher, =3=, 438-9.
judge of appeals, =3=, 439.
functions and authority of, =3=, 439-40.
daughter of, =3=, 439.
opposes Maimonides, =3=, 472.
traduces Maimonides, =3=, 475, 477.
treatise by, on the resurrection, =3=, 476.
correspondence of, with Maimonides, =3=, 476-7.
disciple of, =3=, 525.
=Samuel ben Asher=, murdered in Cologne during the first crusade, =3=,
304.
=Samuel ben Chofni=, last Gaon of Sora, exegetical works of, =3=, 253.
attacks Karaism, =3=, 253.
=Samuel ben Israel=, son of Manasseh, academic honors paid to, in
England, =5=, 38.
=Samuel ben Judah Ibn-Tibbon= (1160-1239), translator, character
of, =3=, 398.
corresponds with Maimonides, =3=, 491.
trains Jacob Anatoli as a translator, =3=, 566.
not in favor with the obscurantists, =4=, 32.
=Samuel ben Meïr= (Rashbam, 1100-1160), grandson of Rashi, Tossafist,
=3=, 288, 345.
converts Rashi to a rational exegesis, =3=, 288, 346.
Bible exegete, =3=, 345-6.
commentaries by, =3=, 346.
maintains that the Biblical day begins in the morning, =3=, 374.
compared with Jacob Tam, =3=, 375.
at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Samuel ben Meïr Allavi= (Abulafia), minister of finance to Pedro the
Cruel, =4=, 115-16, 117-18.
rectitude of, =4=, 116.
espouses the cause of Maria de Padilla, =4=, 117.
shares the king’s imprisonment, =4=, 118.
protector of the Jews, =4=, 119.
builds a synagogue at Toledo, =4=, 119-20.
agitation against, =4=, 120-1.
fall and death of, =4=, 121.
synagogue of, turned into a church, =4=, 354.
=Samuel ben Solomon= at the disputation with Donin, =3=, 576, 578.
=Samuel ben Solomon Sir Morel=, Tossafist, =3=, 586.
=Samuel ben Yechiel=, martyr of the first crusade, =3=, 305.
=Samuel Ibn-Abbas=, apostate to Islam, writes against the
Jews, =3=, 442.
=Samuel Ibn-Adiya= (500-560), Jewish Arabic poet, chief of an Arabic
tribe, =3=, 68.
protects Imrulkais Ibn-Hojr, =3=, 68-9.
son of, =3=, 69, 70.
defense of, =3=, 70.
death of, =3=, 70.
=Samuel Ibn-Nagdela.= _See_ Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela.
=Samuel Ibn-Wakar= (Abenhuacar), at the court of Alfonso XI of
Castile, =4=, 76, 79.
physician to Alfonso XI, =4=, 80.
jealous of Joseph Ecija, =4=, 80.
made farmer of revenues, =4=, 80-1.
accused of depreciating the coinage, =4=, 81.
end of, =4=, 84.
=Samuel, son of Abba= (Arioch, Mar-Samuel, Yarchinai, 180-257), cures
Judah I, =2=, 456.
an Amora, =2=, 479, 518.
enforces the authority of the Patriarch in Babylonia, =2=, 484.
returns to Babylonia, =2=, 511, 519.
principal of the Nahardea academy, =2=, 512, 519.
decisions of, =2=, 515.
view held by, on the Messiah, =2=, 519.
establishes the principle of the sanctity of the law of the land,
=2=, 519-20.
and Shabur I, =2=, 520, 526.
Persian leanings of, =2=, 520-1.
as astronomer, =2=, 521.
draws up a calendar, =2=, 521-2.
as a physician, =2=, 522.
subordination of, to Rab, =2=, 522.
recognized as the religious chief of Babylon, =2=, 522.
and Jochanan bar Napacha, =2=, 522-3.
daughters of, taken captive by Odenathus, =2=, 528.
superiority of, acknowledged in Palestine, =2=, 531.
influence of, on Jewish Babylonia, =2=, 544.
on Judah ben Ezekiel, =2=, 550.
humanity of, towards his slaves, =2=, 555.
calendar of, used by Hillel II, =2=, 574.