Aaron ben Zion Ibn-Alamâni,
Abraham ben Chasdaï,
Abraham ben Meïr Ibn-Ezra,
Abraham Bedaresi,
Abu-Afak,
Abu-Amr ben Joseph Ibn-Zadik,
Abu Ayub,
Abu Fadhl Chasdaï,
Almeida, Manuella Nuñez da
Ascarelli, Deborah
Asma,
Belmonte, Bienvenida Coën
Belmonte, Jacob Israel
Belmonte, Manuel
Ben Asher, Aaron and Moses
Berachya ben Natronaï Nakdan,
Dunash ben Labrat,
Eleazar ben Kalir,
Ensheim, Moses
Ephraim ben Jacob of Bonn,
Erter, Isaac
Fonseca Pinto y Pimentel, Sarah de
Gomez, Isaac, de Sosa,
Halevi, Elia
Ibn-Sahula,
Immanuel ben Solomon Romi,
Isaac ben Jehuda Ibn-Giat,
Isaac ben Reuben Albergeloni,
Isaac Ibn-Ezra,
Isaac Ibn-G’ikatilia,
Israel Najara,
Jannaï,
Jehuda ben Isaac ben Sabbataï,
Jehuda Alcharisi,
Jehuda Halevi,
Jehuda Zarko,
Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi,
Jesurun, David
Jesurun, Rohel
José bar José Hayathom,
Joseph ben Chasdaï,
Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur,
Joseph ben Sabara,
Joseph Ezobi,
Judah Ibn-Abbas,
Judah Ibn-Giat,
Judah Siciliano,
Kalonymos ben Kalonymos,
Laguna, Lopez
Luzzatto, Moses Chayim
Luzzatto, Samuel David
Mar-Ukba,
Menachem ben Saruk,
Mendes, David Franco
Meshullam En-Vidas Dafiera,
Michael ben Kaleb,
Moses ben Isaac da Rieti,
Moses Ibn-Ezra,
Moses Zarzel,
Paz, Enrique Enriquez de
Penso, Joseph
Saadio Longo,
Sabbataï Donnolo,
Samuel Ibn-Abbas,
Samuel Ibn-Adiya,
Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela,
Santob de Carrion,
Shem Tob Falaquera,
Sibyl, the
Silveyra, Miguel
Simon bar Kappara,
Simon ben Caipha,
Simon ben Isaac ben Abun,
Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed,
Solomon ben Yerucham,
Solomon Ibn-Gebirol,
Solomon Ibn-Sakbel,
Solomon Alkabez,
Solomon Dafiera,
Sullam, Sarah Copia
Süsskind of Trimberg,
Usque, Samuel
Usque, Solomon
Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi,
Wessely, Naphtali Hartwig
Yedaya En-Bonet,
Zarak Barfat.
=Poitou=, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Poitou, the Jews of=, under Henry II, =3=, 409.
maltreated by crusaders, =3=, 570.
persecution of, =3=, 573.
=Polak, Jacob.= _See_ Jacob Polak.
=Poland=, Jews in, in the ninth century, =3=, 144.
Jewish exiles from Austria settle in, =4=, 224.
a refuge for persecuted Jews, =4=, 263, 418-19, 420, 631-2.
clergy of, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 265.
at war with the Teutonic knights, =4=, 266.
the rabbis of, important to the crown, =4=, 420.
rabbinical schools established in, =4=, 420.
the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 469.
professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471.
Messianic hopes in, connected with Solomon Molcho, =4=, 497.
refuge of the Bohemian Jews, =4=, 544.
election of a king of, =4=, 603-5.
a party in, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 632.
number of Jews in, =4=, 632.
influence of the Reformation in, =4=, 633, 646-7.
Talmudical schools in, =4=, 634, 639-40.
refuge for the Jewish victims of the Thirty Years’ War, =5=, 2.
value of Jews to, =5=, 2.
Joseph Delmedigo in, =5=, 76-7.
exiles from Vienna settle in, =5=, 173.
Karaites in, =5=, 182-3.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 209, 212.
spread of Sabbatianism in, =5=, 228.
the rabbis of, express willingness to excommunicate Luzzatto, =5=,
241.
the rabbis of, excommunicate Eibeschütz’s opponents, =5=, 261.
the Eibeschütz-Emden controversy transplanted to, =5=, 262-3.
subscribers to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation in, =5=, 329.
feverish Messianic expectations in, =5=, 377.
power of the Kabbala in, =5=, 382.
dismembered, =5=, 392.
second partition of, =5=, 394.
the rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Poland, the Jews of=, begin the study of the Talmud, =3=, 421.
indispensable to the country, =3=, 613; =4=, 263.
proscribed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
privileges of, extended by Casimir III, =4=, 111.
protected by Casimir III during the Black Death persecutions, =4=,
111, 112.
the liturgy of, compiled by Maharil, =4=, 225.
privileges granted to, by Casimir IV, =4=, 263-5.
privileges of, revoked, =4=, 266.
occupations of, =4=, 418-19.
under Casimir IV, John Albert, Alexander, and Sigismund
I, =4=, 419.
supported by the Polish nobility, =4=, 419-20.
culture of, in the sixteenth century, =4=, 633-4.
influenced by Talmud study, =4=, 634.
Talmudic attainments of, =4=, 639-41.
language of, =4=, 641; =5=, 206.
privileges of, =4=, 642-3.
profit by the elective monarchy, =4=, 642.
well treated by Stephen Bathori, =4=, 642-3.
assailed by Klonowicz, =4=, 643.
under Sigismund III, =4=, 643.
organize regular conferences, =4=, 643-5.
influence of the Reformation on, =4=, 647-8.
helped by those of Germany, =4=, 707-8.
persecuted at the instigation of the Jesuits, =5=, 1.
made tax farmers in Cossack districts, =5=, 3.
form a state within the state, =5=, 3-4.
devoted to the study of the Talmud, =5=, 4-6.
help to enslave the Cossacks, =5=, 6.
slain by the Cossacks, =5=, 6.
plundered and murdered by Tartars and Cossacks, =5=, 7-8.
sufferings of, from the Haidamaks, =5=, 8-10, 11-12.
protected by Vishnioviecki, =5=, 10.
banishment of, from Cossack provinces, stipulated by Chmielnicki,
=5=, 12.
banished from the Cossack provinces, =5=, 12.
attacked by the Cossacks, =5=, 14.
rights of, guarded in the second treaty with Chmielnicki, =5=, 14.
suffering of, from Russians and Cossacks, =5=, 14-15.
suffering of, in the Swedish war, =5=, 15.
ill-used by Czarnicki, =5=, 15.
ill-used by Ragoczi, =5=, 15.
losses of, during the Cossack wars, =5=, 15.
as fugitives in Europe, =5=, 15-16.
spread their method of Talmud study throughout Europe, =5=, 16-17.
poverty of, =5=, 205-6.
fill the rabbinates of Europe, =5=, 206.
suffer during the Confederation War, =5=, 387-8.
=Poland, the Sabbatians of=, encouraged by the Eibeschütz
controversy, =5=, 272.
Jacob Frank the leader of, =5=, 273.
scoff at Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 276.
_See_ Frankists, the.
=Poland, Greater=, adopts the Jewish statute of Frederick the
Valiant, =3=, 569.
the Jews of, represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, =4=,
644.
=Poland, Little=, the Jews of, represented in the Synod of the Four
Countries, =4=, 644.
=Poland, Southern=, the Karaites emigrate from, =4=, 269.
=Polemical works= against Christianity, by Jews in Spain in the
seventh century, =3=, 50-1.
under Wamba, =3=, 105.
by Joseph Kimchi, =3=, 392-3.
by Solomon ben Adret, =3=, 623.
by Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut, =4=, 142.
by Solomon Bonfed, =4=, 182.
by Joshua Vives, =4=, 187.
by Profiat Duran, =4=, 188-90.
by Isaac ben Kalonymos, =4=, 234.
by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, =4=, 235.
by Chayim Ibn-Musa, =4=, 237.
by Simon and Solomon Duran, =4=, 237-8.
by Abraham Farissol, =4=, 413.
by Isaac Troki, =4=, 648.
by Jacob Jehuda Leon (?), =4=, 691-2.
=Polemon=, prince of Cilicia, allied with Agrippa I, =2=, 196.
husband of Berenice, =2=, 235.
=Polish Jews= in intercourse with Mendelssohn, =5=, 317-18.
=Polish translation= of the Bible, =4=, 647.
=Poll-tax= (Leibzoll), the, on Jews, levied by Domitian, =2=, 388-9.
reduced by Nerva, =2=, 391-2.
paid by the Babylonian Jews, =2=, 508; =3=, 5.
imposed by Wenceslaus, =4=, 166.
removed by Joseph II, =5=, 357.
the abolition of, agitated in Prussia, =5=, 414.
partially abolished in Prussia, =5=, 415.
abolished in France and Austria, =5=, 415.
abrogated by Louis XVI in France, =5=, 432.
objected to by the Dutch Jews in Germany, =5=, 458.
abrogated by Austria and Prussia, =5=, 464.
imposed upon foreign Jews in Germany, =5=, 464.
objected to by the French government, =5=, 465.
removed in several small German states, =5=, 465.
the removal of, agitated before the Congress of Ratisbon, =5=, 466.
the agitation against, led by Jacobson and Breidenbach, =5=, 466-7.
abolished in Brunswick Lüneburg, =5=, 467.
the agitation against by Breidenbach, =5=, 467-8.
abolished in some districts, =5=, 468.
not completely abolished, =5=, 472.
paid by Jews in Lübeck, =5=, 506.
in Bremen, =5=, 507.
retained in Saxony, =5=, 509.
_See also_ Tax.
=Polonnoie=, the Jews of, massacred by the Cossacks, =5=, 11.
=Polygamy=, forbidden by Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 244.
the abrogation of Gershom ben Jehuda’s ordinance on, =3=, 378.
discussed by the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 489, 491.
discussed by the Synhedrion, =5=, 497.
=Polytheism=, effects of, =5=, 709.
=Pompey=, legate of, in Judæa, =2=, 61-2.
bribed by Aristobulus II, =2=, 62-3.
summons Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II to Damascus, =2=, 63.
favors Hyrcanus II, =2=, 64.
takes the field against Aristobulus II, =2=, 64.
besieges Jerusalem, =2=, 64-6.
enters the Holy of Holies, =2=, 66.
makes Hyrcanus II ethnarch, =2=, 66.
treats Judæa as a conquered province, =2=, 67.
a member of the first triumvirate, =2=, 73.
partisans of, poison Aristobulus II, =2=, 75.
=Pons Judæorum= in Rome, =2=, 68.
=Pontus=, the soldiery of Vibius Marsus banished to, =2=, 197.
=Popes=, the, tolerant of the Jews, =3=, 25, 33.
denounced by Arnold of Brescia, =3=, 370.
fugitive, convene Church Councils in France, =3=, 376-7.
employ Jewish physicians, =3=, 628; =4=, 200, 407-8, 411, 515, 569.
in Avignon, tolerate the Jews after their banishment by Charles
VI, =4=, 177.
_See also_ Bulls; Papacy, the.
=Porcelain=, forced on the Berlin Jews, =5=, 415.
=Porobischa=, the Jews of, surrender to the Tartars, =5=, 8.
=Portugal=, Jews in, in the twelfth century, =3=, 384.
union of, with Castile, =4=, 161.
Marranos escape to, from the Inquisition, =4=, 318.
Jewish exiles from Spain go to, =4=, 352.
the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 365-81.
fever for discoveries in, =4=, 368.
the Spanish exiles leave, =4=, 369.
Spanish exiles sold as slaves in, =4=, 371.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
considered a refuge for Marranos, =4=, 486.
the plague in, attributed to the Marranos, =4=, 486, 487.
Marranos a profitable population to, =4=, 527-8.
autos-da-fé in, =5=, 91.
discusses the re-admission of Jews, =5=, 532.
=Portugal, the Jews of=, in the thirteenth century, =3=, 617-18.
under Ferdinand I, =4=, 158-9.
under João I, =4=, 173.
spared Vincent Ferrer’s propaganda, =4=, 218.
prosperity of, under Alfonso V, =4=, 338-9.
oppose the settlement of the Spanish exiles, =4=, 366.
kindly treated by Manoel, =4=, 372.
banished, =4=, 374.
delay departure, =4=, 374-5.
children of, baptized, =4=, 375-6.
urged to accept Christianity, =4=, 377-8.
depart, =4=, 380-1.
in the Netherlands, =4=, 662.
_See also_ Marranos, the Portuguese.
=Porphyry= (Malchus), philosopher, writes a commentary on
Daniel, =2=, 502.
=Portaleone, Guglielmo.= _See_ Guglielmo di Portaleone.
=Portalis=, imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Jewish
Notables, =5=, 485.
=Porteiro jurado=, Jewish-Portuguese sheriff, =4=, 159.
=Porto=, Jewish center in Portugal, =4=, 159.
=Posen=, the Jewish charter burnt at, =4=, 263.
number of the Jews of, =4=, 632.
the Jews of, protected by Stephen Bathori, =4=, 642.
the German population of, =5=, 3.
Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation forbidden in, =5=, 332.
the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Posidonius=, Nicanor’s envoy to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 484.
=Posidonius=, Stoic philosopher, maligns Judaism, =2=, 178.
=Posquières=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 399.
=Potocki=, Polish general, delivered to the Tartars by the
Cossacks, =5=, 7.
=Potocki, the house of=, controls Cossack colonization, =5=, 3.
=Prague=, Joseph Delmedigo at, =5=, 80.
rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 206.
refuses to admit Chayon, =5=, 231.
Eibeschütz as teacher in, =5=, 249.
occupied by Charles VII, =5=, 251.
appoints no rabbi, =5=, 566.
the Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
=Prague, the Jews of=, suffering of, during the first crusade, =3=,
305.
charged with host desecration, =4=, 164-6.
massacred, =4=, 165.
attacked on account of the Alenu prayer, =4=, 178.
plundered, =4=, 417.
lack of rabbinical learning among, =4=, 418.
exiled by Ferdinand I, =4=, 544, 586.
deprived of their prayer books, =4=, 584.
suffer from fire, =4=, 585.
in bad repute, =4=, 585-6.
appeal to Pius IV, =4=, 586.
recalled, =4=, 587.
submit disputes to the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 639.
number of, in the seventeenth century, =4=, 694.
accuse Lipmann Heller, =4=, 704-5.
participation of, in the Thirty Years’ War, =4=, 707.
suffering of, on being banished, =5=, 252.
restrictions against, =5=, 253.
welcome Joseph II’s reforms, =5=, 370.
establish a secular school, =5=, 371.
modify their divine service, =5=, 582.
=Prayer=, the order of, introduced by the Sopherim, =1=, 401.
mystical importance of, in the Kabbala, =3=, 553-4.
book, Karaite, =4=, 71.
devotion in, emphasized in Lurya’s Kabbala, =4=, 626.
_See also_ Liturgy, the.
“=Prayer Book= for Israelites,” compiled by the Reform Temple Union
in Hamburg, =5=, 673.
the use of, forbidden by Chacham Bernays, =5=, 673.
=Prayer books.= _See under_ Confiscation; Liturgy.
=Prayers=, penitential, commemorating the Cossack massacres, =5=, 13.
=Prayers for rain=, =2=, 492, 541-2, 579.
=Prayers, set=, introduced by Gamaliel II, =2=, 363.
_See also_ Liturgy, the.
=Press=, the, censorship of, introduced by Caraffa, =4=, 563.
=Prester John=, alluded to, =4=, 368.
=Preteau=, president of the National Assembly, on the emancipation of
the Jews, =5=, 440-1.
=Priesthood=, the, defended by Jesus Sirach, =1=, 440-1.
=Priests=, the, at Shiloh, =1=, 57.
under Samuel, =1=, 79.
under Ahaz abet licentiousness and idolatry, =1=, 261.
recalled to the Temple under Josiah, =1=, 289.
instigate an attack on Jeremiah, =1=, 302-3.
carry the Pentateuch into captivity with them, =1=, 334.
abandon the Temple after the sack of Jerusalem by Apollonius, =1=,
454.
re-instated by the Maccabees, =1=, 473.
members of the Hellenist party, =1=, 489.
fugitive, officiate in the Temple of Onias, =1=, 508.
_See also_ Aaronides, the; High priests, the; Levites, the.
=Primates=, heads of the Jewish communities of Palestine, =2=,
612, 613.
=Primo, Samuel=, private secretary of Sabbataï Zevi, accompanies him
to Smyrna, =5=, 133.
spreads abroad the Messiah’s fame, =5=, 137.
wishes to modify the Rabbinical system, =5=, 142.
abolishes the Fast of Tebeth, =5=, 143.
accompanies Sabbataï to Constantinople, =5=, 146.
spreads reports of Sabbataï’s reception at Constantinople,
=5=, 147-8.
accompanies Sabbataï to his Abydos prison, =5=, 148.
proposes capital punishment for the Kofrim, =5=, 150.
abolishes the Fast of Tammuz, =5=, 151.
clings to Sabbataï after his apostasy, =5=, 156.
proves Sabbataï the true Messiah through his conversion, =5=,
157-8.
and Chayim Malach, =5=, 213.
and Nehemiah Chayon, =5=, 216.
=Prince=, title of the president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 334.
“=Prince= and the Dervish, The,” moral romance by Abraham Ibn-Chasdaï,
=3=, 388, 560.
=Princes= of the Captivity, the. _See_ Exilarchate, the; Exilarchs,
the.
=Printing=, the art of, among the Jews of Italy in the fifteenth
century, =4=, 289.
=Printing presses, Hebrew=, in Italy, =4=, 289.
in Prague, =4=, 418.
at Isny, =4=, 474.
at Ferrara closed, =4=, 580.
of the Soncin family, =4=, 586.
established by Reyna Nassi, =4=, 628.
in Amsterdam, =4=, 675.
in Altona, =5=, 255.
in Berlin, =5=, 416.
=Priscus=, name borne by Gallic Jews, =3=, 36.
=Procopius=, historian, on the bravery of the Jews of Naples, =3=,
32.
=Procurator=, the, title of the representative of Imperial Rome in
Judæa, =2=, 128.
duties of, =2=, 129.
installs the high priests, =2=, 129.
=Procurators of Judæa=, the, list of:
Ambivius, Marcus
Albinus,
Coponius,
Cumanus,
Fadus, Cuspius
Felix,
Festus,
Florus, Gessius
Gratus, Valerius
Pilate, Pontius
Rufus, Annius
Tiberius Julius Alexander.
_See also_ Judæa, the Roman governors of; Syria, the Roman
governors of.
=Profiat= (Profatius). _See_ Jacob ben Machir Tibbon.
=Profiat Duran= (Isaac ben Moses, Efodi), Marrano, scholar, returns
to Judaism, =4=, 188.
attacks Christianity, =4=, 188-90, 235.
commentaries, mathematical work, and grammar by, =4=, 191.
=Prophecies=, the, before the exile, summed up, =1=, 335.
=Prophecy=, meaning of, =1=, 14-15.
displaced by the written law, =1=, 385.
as explained in the “Guide of the Perplexed,” =3=, 482-3.
in Maimonides’ system, =3=, 523.
“=Prophet= of Samaria,” Elisha, =1=, 218.
=Prophet=, the, of the Captivity, Isaiah the Babylonian, =1=, 345.
=Prophets=, the, activity of, under Jehoiakim, =1=, 301.
characteristics of, =5=, 719.
=Prophets, the associations of=, =1=, 205.
development of, under Jeroboam II, =1=, 234.
=Prophets, the, the writings of=, carried into the Babylonian
exile, =1=, 334.
collected by the Sopherim, =1=, 400.
rejected by the Samaritans, =1=, 400.
Chaldaic translation of, =2=, 131.
translated into Chaldaic by Joseph ben Chiya, =2=, 581-2.
commentaries on, by Joseph Kara, =3=, 346.
contain philosophical doctrines, =3=, 479.
=Prophets=, the, list of:
Ahijah of Shilo,
Amos,
Deborah,
Elijah,
Elisha,
Ezekiel,
Gad,
Habakkuk,
Haggai,
Hosea (I),
Hosea (II),
Huldah,
Isaiah, son of Amoz,
Isaiah the Babylonian,
Jeremiah,
Joel,
Jonah,
Malachi,
Micah (II),
Michaiah (Micah I),
Moses,
Nathan,
Obadiah,
Shemaiah,
Uriah,
Zechariah I,
Zechariah II,
Zephaniah.
“=Prophets= of the Old Testament, The,” by Ewald, =5=, 696.
=Prophets, the Earlier=, four historical books in the Scriptures, =1=,
400.
commentary on, by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 342-3.
=Prophets, the false=, under Ahaz, =1=, 262.
under Manasseh, =1=, 283.
under Jehoiakim, =1=, 300.
instigate an attack upon Jeremiah, =1=, 302-3.
urge Zedekiah to revolt, =1=, 310.
=Prophets, the Later=, fifteen prophetical books in the Scriptures,
=1=, 400.
=Prophets, the Twelve=, commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 373.
“=Proposals= in Favor of the Jews,” pamphlet by Grégoire, =5=, 437.
=Prosbol=, the statute concerning debts, enacted under Hillel, =2=,
100.
=Proselytes=, standing of, according to Ezra, =1=, 367.
various authorities on the admission of, =2=, 384-5.
true, in the daily prayers, =2=, 384.
severely treated by Domitian, =2=, 388-9.
under Nerva, =2=, 391-2.
_See also_ Circumcision; Conversions to Judaism.
=Proselytes=, list of:
Fulvia, Roman patrician, =2=, 136, 215.
the royal house of Adiabene, =2=, 194, 216-19.
Polemon of Cilicia, =2=, 235.
Aziz of Emesa, =2=, 235.
Akylas, =2=, 385.
Clemens, Flavius, =2=, 387.
the inhabitants of Machuza, =2=, 507, 586-8.
Issor, =2=, 587-8.
Abraham, a monk, =3=, 21.
the kings of the Jewish-Himyarite empire, =3=, 51.
Arab tribes before the sixth century, =3=, 61.
Abu-Kariba, =3=, 62-3.
Harith Ibn-Amru, =3=, 63.
the Kendites, =3=, 63.
Waraka Ibn-Naufal, =3=, 71.
the Chazars, =3=, 139-41.
Bodo, bishop, =3=, 168-70.
Wecelinus, chaplain, =3=, 245.
the inhabitants of the Moshic hills in Armenia, =3=, 439-40.
a dignitary of the Church in England, =3=, 516.
Redingge, Robert de, =3=, 640-1.
La Asumção, Diogo de, =4=, 668-70.
Speeth, John Peter, =5=, 177-8.
_See also_ Circumcision; Conversions to Judaism.
=Proselytism=, Manasseh ben Israel exonerates the Jews from, =5=, 42.
=Prosnitz=, Chayon at, =5=, 218.
=Protection-Jews= (Schutz-Juden), in Hamburg, =4=, 688.
Mendelssohn one of the, =5=, 304.
an insulting epithet in Westphalia, =5=, 500.
in Lübeck, =5=, 506.
abolished in Prussia, =5=, 507.
=Protestant Reformation=, the. _See_ Reformation, the Protestant.
=Protestantism= hostile to the Jews, =4=, 552.
=Provence=, the Talmudists of, use the works of Maimonides, =3=, 624.
French Jews expelled by Philip IV, settle in, =4=, 49.
Marranos flee to, from the Inquisition, =4=, 318.
=Provence, the Jews of=, dependent on vassal princes, =3=, 242.
culture of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 373, 389-91.
use Jacob Anatoli’s Malmed, =3=, 566.
neglect Jewish studies, =4=, 133.
persecuted in 1392, =4=, 173.
presented to the Church, =4=, 175.
=Proverbs=, the, collected and amplified under Hezekiah, =1=, 279.
carried into the Babylonian exile, =1=, 335.
produced during the exile, =1=, 341.
=Provost=, title of the chief Jewish officer in France in the twelfth
century, =3=, 343.
=Prussia=, the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 469.
at war with Austria, =5=, 251.
willing to grant citizenship to the Jews, =5=, 518.
protects the Frankfort Jews, =5=, 520.
hatred of Jews in, =5=, 524-5.
in the Quadruple Alliance, =5=, 658.
=Prussia, the Jews of=, under Frederick I, =5=, 190-1.
prejudice aroused against, =5=, 191.
the “general privilege” issued for, =5=, 304.
make efforts to obtain political rights, =5=, 414-16.
restrictions against, =5=, 415.
decay of morality among, =5=, 419-20, 422.
apostasy among, =5=, 420.
continued abasement of, =5=, 461.
freed from the poll-tax, =5=, 464.
mourn over the national defeats, =5=, 495.
patriotism of, =5=, 507.
partial emancipation of, =5=, 507.
in the French wars, =5=, 511, 518.
the emancipation of, a dead letter, =5=, 524.
laws for, =5=, 524.
restricted in commerce, =5=, 524-5.
forbidden to bear Christian names, =5=, 630.
=Prynne, William=, publishes an anti-Jewish pamphlet, =5=, 45-6.
=Psalm=, at the celebration of Passover in Jerusalem, =1=, 295-6.
of the return from the Captivity, =1=, 352.
LXXII, commentary on, by Juan de España, =4=, 233.
=Psalms=, composed in celebration of Sennacherib’s failure, =1=, 278.
in honor of Hezekiah, =1=, 279.
penitential, originate among the Babylonian exiles, =1=, 337.
produced during the Captivity, =1=, 340.
=Psalms, the=, carried into the Babylonian exile, =1=, 335.
introduced into the Temple service, =1=, 401.
homiletic exposition of, by Cassiodorus, =3=, 31.
the singing of, at Jewish funerals forbidden, =3=, 47.
certain of, attributed to a late period by Moses Ibn-G’ikatilia,
=3=, 290.
commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 373.
translated into Spanish by Templo, =5=, 115.
translated into Spanish by Lopez Laguna, =5=, 203.
imitated by Moses Chayim Luzzatto, =5=, 234.
Mendelssohn’s translation of, =5=, 335.
translated by Sachs, =5=, 693.
=Psammetich=, king of Egypt, propitiates the Scythians, =1=, 287.
=Psusennes=, king of Egypt, Solomon marries the daughter of, =1=, 161.
=Psychics.= _See_ Gnosticism.
=Ptolemais.= _See_ Accho.
=Ptolemy=, of Chalcis, protects Aristobulus II’s family, =2=, 75.
son-in-law of Aristobulus II, =2=, 75.
conspires against Herod and Phasael, =2=, 80-1.
=Ptolemy I Soter=, of Egypt, conquers Cœlesyria, =1=, 416.
opposed by Antigonus, =1=, 417.
defeats Antigonus, =1=, 417-18.
protects the Judæans, =1=, 418.
=Ptolemy II Philadelphus=, of Egypt, threatens to divide Judæa among
foreign colonists, =1=, 423.
and the Septuagint, =1=, 514.
=Ptolemy III Euergetes=, of Egypt, makes Joseph tax-gatherer, =1=,
425.
=Ptolemy IV Philopator=, of Egypt, retains Joseph, son of Tobiah, in
office, =1=, 425.
defeats Antiochus the Great, =1=, 426.
introduces bacchanalian revelries, =1=, 428.
son of, =1=, 429.
favors Hyrcanus, =1=, 430.
death of, =1=, 432.
=Ptolemy V Epiphanes=, of Egypt, Cœlesyria re-conquered for, =1=,
433.
makes Hyrcanus governor of trans-Jordanic territory, =1=, 437.
=Ptolemy VI Philometor=, of Egypt, treaty of, with Antiochus
Epiphanes, =1=, 450.
proclaimed king, =1=, 452.
daughter of, marries Alexander Balas, =1=, 496.
receives Onias IV kindly, =1=, 506.
ally of Demetrius I, =1=, 506.
struggle of, with Ptolemy Physcon, =1=, 506-7.
assisted by the Judæans, =1=, 507.
presents Onias IV with land for a Temple, =1=, 508.
permits Onias IV to fortify his Temple, =1=, 510.
entrusts the Egyptian ports to Onias IV, =1=, 510.
causes a Greek translation of the Law to be made, =1=, 510-11.
appoints a conference between the Judæans and the Samaritans, =1=,
517.
death of, =1=, 518.
heir of, slain, =1=, 518.
=Ptolemy VII Physcon=, of Egypt, proclaimed king, =1=, 450.
reconciled with his brother, =1=, 452.
conspires against Ptolemy VI, =1=, 506, 507.
Cyrene given to, =1=, 507.
marries Cleopatra, his brother’s widow, =1=, 518.
cruelty of, =1=, 518-19.
revenge of, on the Judæans, =1=, 519.
as author, =1=, 519.
supports Alexander Zabina, =2=, 6.
=Ptolemy VIII Lathurus=, of Egypt, aids Antiochus IX, =2=, 10-11.
flees from Alexandria, =2=, 12.
defeats Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 40.
ravages Judæa, =2=, 40.
retreats to Cyprus, =2=, 41.
=Ptolemy=, astronomer, work of, translated into Arabic, =3=, 146.
=Ptolemy=, brother of Nicolaus of Damascus, and Herod’s will, =2=,
119.
=Ptolemy ben Habub=, son-in-law of Simon Tharsi, governor of
Jericho, =1=, 530.
assassinates Simon Tharsi at Dok, =1=, 530.
meditates treachery against John Hyrcanus, =1=, 530-1.
shuts himself up in Dok, =1=, 531.
besieged by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 2-3.
=Ptolemy, son of Dorymenes=, general under Lysias, =1=, 466.
=Ptolemy Macron=, advocate of the Judæans at the Syrian court, =1=,
476-7, 478.
=Publicans=, the, addressed by Jesus, =2=, 152.