the army of, leaves the Jews unmolested, =3=, 298.
=Peter of Benevento=, papal legate, convenes the synod of
Montpellier, =3=, 508.
=Peter Martyr=, describes the terrors of the Inquisition, =4=, 484.
=Peter the Venerable=, abbot of Clugny, rouses the crusaders against
the Jews, =3=, 349-50.
=Peters, Hugh=, secretary to Cromwell, employed to dispose the
English in favor of the Jews, =5=, 43.
on the commission for the admission of Jews, =5=, 45.
=Petit, Guillaume Haquinet=, confessor of Louis XII, influences him
against Reuchlin, =4=, 459.
patron of Hebrew literature, =4=, 473.
=Petit, Solomon.= _See_ Solomon Petit.
=Petra=, capital of Edom, =1=, 222.
refuge of Hyrcanus II, =2=, 59.
=Petronius=, governor of Syria, ordered to turn the sanctuary into a
pagan temple, =2=, 188.
ordered to set up Caligula’s image in the Temple, =2=, 189.
ordered to prevent the desecration of synagogues, =2=, 193.
=Petrus.= _See_ Peter, apostle.
=Peyret=, rabbi, supposed manufacturer of the poison for wells, =4=,
102.
=Pfefferkorn, Joseph=, immorality of, =4=, 423-4.
becomes an apostate, =4=, 424.
puts his name to Ortuin de Graes’ “Mirror for Admonition,”
=4=, 425.
advises the burning of the Talmud, =4=, 425-6.
lends his name to Dominican writings, =4=, 426.
thwarted by Jewish physicians, =4=, 427.
not trusted by Christians, =4=, 427.
publishes “The Enemy of the Jews,” =4=, 427-8.
obtains a letter to Maximilian I from Kunigunde, =4=, 428-9.
obtains an imperial mandate, =4=, 429.
orders the Frankfort Jews to surrender their books, =4=, 429.
forbids the Frankfort Jews to attend the synagogue on Tabernacles,
=4=, 430.
opposed by Uriel von Gemmingen, =4=, 430, 431.
coadjutors of, suggested, =4=, 432.
tries to make Reuchlin his confederate, =4=, 436.
applies for a second mandate, =4=, 436, 437.
a second time confiscates Hebrew books in Frankfort, =4=, 438.
censured by the public, =4=, 438.
publishes “In Honor and Praise of Emperor Maximilian,” =4=, 439.
directed to report the decision of his commission to Maximilian,
=4=, 441.
motives of, suspected by Reuchlin, =4=, 442.
breaks the seal of Reuchlin’s “Opinion,” =4=, 445.
publishes the “Handspiegel,” =4=, 446.
attacked by Reuchlin, =4=, 446-48.
preaches in Frankfort, =4=, 449.
tool of Hoogstraten, =4=, 450.
tears down the notice of Reuchlin’s exoneration, =4=, 455.
suggests the expulsion of the Jews from Frankfort, Worms, and
Ratisbon, =4=, 463.
anti-Jewish charges of, repeated by Luther, =4=, 548-9.
=Pfizer=, governor of Heidelberg, permits an assault upon the Jews,
=5=, 531, 602.
=Phabi=, family of high priests, =2=, 237.
“=Phædon=, or the Immortality of the Soul,” by Mendelssohn,
popularity of, =5=, 304-5.
object of, =5=, 306.
dialogue form of, =5=, 306.
argument of, =5=, 306-7.
popularity of, =5=, 307-8.
=Phalles=, king of Tyre, murdered, =1=, 194.
=Phaltiel=, Michal’s husband, =1=, 110.
=Phanagoria= (Taman), Jews of the Byzantine empire settle
in, =3=, 123.
=Pharaoh=, in the Zohar, =4=, 23.
=Pharaohs=, the, the Egyptian kings, =1=, 8.
worshiped, =1=, 10.
=Pharisees=, the, a national party, offshoot from the Assidæans, =2=,
17.
aims of, =2=, 17.
explanation of the name of, =2=, 18.
principles of, =2=, 18.
wherein opposed to the Essenes and Sadducees, =2=, 18-19.
defenders of tradition, =2=, 19-20, 22.
morality of, =2=, 20.
charge of hypocrisy against, unfounded, =2=, 20.
position of, with regard to Pentateuchal laws, =2=, 22-3.
contrasted with the Essenes, =2=, 30.
employed as civil functionaries, =2=, 31.
lose their state offices, =2=, 32-3.
favored by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 39.
actively oppose the Sadducees, =2=, 42-3.
hated by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 43.
instigate revolts against Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 44.
take refuge in the fortress of Bethome, =2=, 45.
crucified, =2=, 45.
flee from Judæa, =2=, 45.
rejoice over the death of Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 47.
favored by Salome Alexandra, =2=, 48.
obtain the chief post in the Great Council, =2=, 48-9.
the interpretations of, in the Synhedrion, =2=, 50.
introduce the Water Libation and the Wood festival, =2=, 52.
institute the half-Shekel contributions, =2=, 52.
persecute the Sadducees, =2=, 53.
support Hyrcanus II, =2=, 58.
reconciliation of, with the Sadducees begun by Hillel, =2=, 98.
divided on the subject of swearing allegiance to Herod, =2=, 108.
hate Herod, =2=, 114-15.
urge revenge against Herod, =2=, 121.
not in opposition to John the Baptist, =2=, 147.
disapprove of Jesus, =2=, 162.
aid Christianity by their methods of interpretation, =2=, 166.
neglect the lower classes, =2=, 220.
object to the Sadducee high priest Anan, =2=, 248.
laws introduced by, justified, =2=, 327.
as described by the Nazarenes, =2=, 372.
accept tradition, =2=, 462.
=Pharos=, the island of, Judæans celebrate the completion of the
Septuagint on, =1=, 511-12.
=Phasael=, brother of Herod, governor of Judæa, =2=, 77.
urges mild measures upon Herod, =2=, 79.
made tetrarch in Judæa, =2=, 81.
opposed by the Parthians, =2=, 82.
commits suicide, =2=, 82.
=Phasael=, son of Pallas and Herod, disinherited, =2=, 119.
=Phasael, tower of=, retreat of the Roman garrison of Jerusalem, =2=,
260.
left undemolished by Titus, =2=, 309.
=Phasaelis=, revenue from, left to Salome, =2=, 120.
=Phasiron=, the sons of, members of the Hellenist party, =1=, 489.
=Pheroras=, brother of Herod, wife of, a Pharisee, =2=, 108.
Herod suspicious of, =2=, 112.
conspires against the sons of Mariamne, =2=, 112-13.
conspires against Herod, =2=, 113.
=Philadelphia.= _See_ Rabbath-Ammon.
=Philanthropin=, school at Frankfort, hearth of the Reform
movement, =5=, 674.
=Philibert=, Dr., a German writer, offers to defend the Damascus
Jews, =5=, 655.
=Philip=, Arab emperor of Rome, =2=, 526.
=Philip II Augustus=, of France, leniency of, in the execution of
anti-Jewish decrees, =3=, 401, 508.
expresses money from the Jews, =3=, 401-2.
banishes the Jews from the Isle de France, =3=, 402-3.
executes the Jews of Bray, =3=, 404.
in the third crusade, =3=, 404.
receives exiled Jews, =3=, 405-6.
agrees to surrender Jews from Champagne, =3=, 406.
charged with disregarding anti-Jewish decrees, =3=, 498-9.
=Philip III=, of France, re-introduces Jew badges, =3=, 613.
=Philip IV=, of France, meets Sancho IV of Castile, =4=, 2.
in strife with Boniface VIII, =4=, 44.
expels the Jews, =4=, 46.
avarice of, =4=, 47.
=Philip V=, the Long, of France, extends the privileges of the
Jews, =4=, 54.
conceives the idea of a crusade, =4=, 55.
charges the Jews with poisoning wells, =4=, 57, 58.
=Philip VI=, of France, first of the House of Valois, =4=, 77.
=Philip II=, of Macedon, contemplates war with Persia, =1=, 411-12.
murdered, =1=, 412.
=Philip V=, of Macedon, takes Egypt, =1=, 432.
=Philip III=, of Navarre, punishes the ringleaders in the massacre of
the Jews, =4=, 78.
=Philip II=, of Spain, hated by Paul IV, =4=, 566.
tries to introduce the Inquisition into the Netherlands, =4=, 601.
obtains peace with Turkey through Jewish mediators, =4=, 607.
pays for the polyglot Bible, =4=, 651.
Jews under, in the Netherlands, =4=, 661, 667-8.
hated by the Portuguese Marranos, =4=, 663.
death of, =4=, 668.
=Philip III=, of Spain, condition of Spain at the accession
of, =4=, 668.
debtor to the Marranos, =4=, 670-1.
=Philip IV=, of Spain, makes a Jew count palatine, =4=, 692.
praises the Jews of Oran, =5=, 169.
=Philip=, tetrarch, son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem, in Herod’s
will, =2=, 119.
builds Cæsarea Philippi and Julias, =2=, 138.
character of, =2=, 138.
tetrarchy of, given to Agrippa I, =2=, 177.
tetrarchy of, given to Agrippa II, =2=, 245.
=Philip=, favorite of Antiochus Epiphanes, regent of Syria, =1=, 477.
in Antioch, =1=, 480.
=Philip=, papal legate, presides over the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
=Philip=, Syrian commander, kills the Chassidim in the caves, =1=,
458.
=Philip of Bathyrene=, leader of Agrippa II’s troops against the
Zealots, =2=, 259, 274.
leaves Jerusalem, =2=, 260.
escapes the machinations of Varus, =2=, 274-5.
=Philippi=, the republican army of Rome, defeated at the battle
of, =2=, 81.
Judæans in, =2=, 203.
Paul establishes a Greek-Christian community in, =2=, 227.
=Philippi, Francis Lothair.= _See_ Wolf Levi.
=Philippion=, prince of Chalcis, husband of Alexandra, daughter of
Aristobulus II, =2=, 75.
=Philistia=, overrun by Scythians, =1=, 287.
=Philistines=, the, characteristics of, =1=, 54-5.
relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-59.
oppress the Israelites, =1=, 61.
attack Israelite tribes, =1=, 64.
harass the Israelites, =1=, 66.
have possession of the Ark of the Covenant, =1=, 70-2.
defeated at Eben-ha-Ezer, =1=, 78.
choose a king, =1=, 80.
warfare of, with the Israelites, =1=, 80.
lay waste Sidon, =1=, 80.
oppress Israel at the beginning of Saul’s reign, =1=, 84.
garrison of, at Gibeah, killed by Jonathan, =1=, 85.
encamp at Michmash against Saul, =1=, 85-6.
defeated at Michmash, =1=, 86-8.
champion of, killed by David, =1=, 95, 97.
defeated by David, =1=, 98-9.
under Achish, wage war with the Israelites, =1=, 102-4.
wage war with David, =1=, 115-118.
defeated at Mount Baal-Perazim, =1=, 116.
surrender Gath to the Israelites, =1=, 117.
champions of, in the war with David, =1=, 117.
routed by David, =1=, 118.
at war with Nadab, =1=, 189.
at war with Elah, =1=, 192.
sell Judæan captives as slaves, =1=, 227, 231.
attack Judah, =1=, 258.
subdued by Sennacherib, =1=, 270.
allied with Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 314.
molest Judæan fugitives, =1=, 318.
in possession of Judæan territory under the Seleucidæ, =1=, 435.
join Gorgias in his invasion of Judæa, =1=, 467.
hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, =1=, 473.
=Philo the Elder=, Egypto-Judæan poet, extols Jerusalem, =1=, 517-18.
=Philo Judæus=, conception of the Messianic age held by, =2=, 144-5.
brother of the Alabarch Alexander Lysimachus, =2=, 176.
gives an account of Jewish renegades, =2=, 184.
characterization of, =2=, 184-5.
relation of, to Judaism, =2=, 185.
wife of, =2=, 186.
style of, =2=, 186.
representative of the Alexandrian Judæans before Caligula, =2=,
186.
contrasted with Apion, =2=, 186-7.
as a writer, =2=, 191.
visit of, to Jerusalem, =2=, 194.
an allegorist, =2=, 210.
reconciles the Law and his philosophy, =2=, 210.
emphasizes obedience to the Law, =2=, 210-11.
shows the beauty of the Jewish laws of humanity, =2=, 211-12.
writes a philosophic commentary on the Pentateuch, =2=, 212.
compared with Hillel and Jesus, =2=, 214.
describes heathen proselytes of his day, =2=, 215.
system of, aids Christianity, =2=, 373.
the works of, read at the court of Louis the Pious, =3=, 162.
the works of, connected with the Talmud, =4=, 614.
studied by Frankel, =5=, 684.
=Philologists=, Hebrew. _See_ Grammarians, Hebrew.
=Philology=, Hebrew, a special study of the Karaites, =3=, 180.
=Philosoph, Joseph=, father-in-law of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 166, 209.
supports the Messianic claims of Jacob Querido, =5=, 210.
=Philosophers, the Arabic=, the sayings of, used by Solomon
Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 267, 270.
=Philosophers, Jewish=, list of:
Aaron ben Elia Nicomedi,
Aaron ben Meshullam,
Abraham ben Meïr Ibn-Ezra,
Abraham Ibn-Daud Halevi,
Abraham Maimuni,
Abu-Amr Joseph ben Zadik Ibn-Zadik,
Alkuti (Chepez),
Bachya ben Joseph Ibn-Pakuda,
Chasdaï Crescas,
David Ibn-Albilla,
Elias del Medigo,
Isaac ben Suleiman Israeli,
Isaac Albalag,
Isaac Pulgar,
Jehuda Halevi,
Joseph ben Shem Tob Ibn-Shem Tob,
Joseph Albo,
Joseph Kaspi,
Kalonymos ben Kalonymos,
Leon Judah Abrabanel,
Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim,
Levi ben Gerson,
Mantin, Jacob
Meïr Alguades,
Moses ben Maimun,
Moses ben Joshua Narboni,
Moses Ibn-Ezra,
Philo,
Saadiah ben Joseph,
Samuel Ibn-Abbas,
Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela,
Shem-Tob Falaquera,
Sheshet Benveniste,
Solomon Ibn-Gebirol,
Spinoza, Baruch
Steinheim, Solomon Ludwig.
“=Philosophical Conversations=, The,” by Mendelssohn, =5=, 298-9.
=Philosophy=, Philo’s attempt to reconcile, with the Law, =2=,
210, 212-13.
cultivated by the Spanish Jews in the tenth and eleventh
centuries, =3=, 235.
characterized by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 328, 330, 331.
connected with Judaism by Maimonides, =3=, 478-9.
in disrepute in Spain in the fourteenth century, =4=, 91.
=Phineas=, high priest, punishes immoral practices, =1=, 29.
seat of, at Shiloh, =1=, 41.
=Phineas=, leader of the Idumæans, helps the Zealots, =2=, 295.
=Phineas=, rabbi of Breslau, hangs himself, =4=, 262.
=Phineas ben Meshullam=, rabbi of Alexandria, =3=, 444.
=Phineas ben Samuel=, made high priest by the Zealots, =2=, 294.
=Phineas, son of Eli=, character of, =1=, 70.
death of, =1=, 70.
=Phocas=, usurps the throne of Mauritius, =3=, 18.
chastisement of, =3=, 19.
=Phœnicia=, subdued by Shalmaneser, =1=, 263, 264.
subdued by Sennacherib, =1=, 270.
conquered by Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 304.
Nabonad permits native kings to rule over, =1=, 342.
conquered by Alexander the Great, =1=, 412.
Joseph made tax gatherer of, =1=, 425.
Olympian games introduced into, =1=, 445.
the towns of, revolt from Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 463.
=Phœnician= merchants settle in Jerusalem, =1=, 169.
=Phœnicians=, the, early culture of, =1=, 53-4.
relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-8.
defeated by the Philistines, =1=, 80.
weakened by civil wars, =1=, 232.
hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, =1=, 474.
_See also_ Canaanites, the.
=Phraortes=, king of Media, defeated by the Assyrians, =1=, 287.
=Phylacteries= (Tephillin), the, the use of, prohibited under
Hadrian, =2=, 424.
abolished by Anan ben David, =3=, 132.
=Physicians, Jewish=, popular with the clergy of the Frankish and
Burgundian kingdoms, =3=, 35.
in Taberistan, =3=, 146.
employed by Christian rulers, =3=, 170, 213, 242, 292, 425, 536,
537, 583, 628; =4=, 2, 80, 184, 185, 190, 275, 287, 367, 411,
413, 555, 584-5, 673, 692; =5=, 76, 115.
employed by Mahometan rulers, =3=, 211, 312, 443, 495, 638; =4=,
401.
sought by the Christians in Palestine, =3=, 341.
in Lynn, =3=, 412.
popular with Christians, =3=, 581.
prevented by the Council of Béziers from attending Christians, =3=,
582.
indispensableness of, =3=, 583.
employed by the popes, =3=, 628; =4=, 200, 407-8, 411, 515, 569.
not permitted to practice under Juan II, =4=, 203.
forbidden to practice by Benedict XIII, =4=, 216.
employment of, forbidden by the council of Basle, =4=, 245.
proscribed by Eugenius IV, =4=, 250.
protected by Juan II of Castile, =4=, 252.
proscribed by Nicholas V, =4=, 253, 287.
employed by the nobles and the clergy, =4=, 275.
esteemed in Italy in the fifteenth century, =4=, 287.
missed after the expulsion from Spain, =4=, 353-4.
preferred in Turkey, =4=, 401.
accused of quackery by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 427.
the only ones in Portugal, =4=, 488.
forbidden by Paul IV to attend Christians, =4=, 567.
employment of, forbidden by Gregory XIII, =4=, 653.
permitted by Sixtus V to practice, =4=, 656.
defended by David de Pomis, =4=, 656-7.
envied in Hamburg, =4=, 690.
forbidden to practice among Christians in Hamburg, =4=, 692.
of Berlin, not included in the list of physicians, =5=, 461.
=Physicians, Jewish=, list of:
Aaron ben Zion Ibn-Alamâni,
Abraham de Balmes,
Abraham of Aragon (oculist),
Abraham ben Joseph the Elder,
Abraham Ibn-Daud Halevi,
Abraham Ibn-Zarzal,
Abraham Maimuni,
Abraham Zacuto Lusitano,
Abu Ayub,
Abu Ibraham Isaac Ibn-Kastan,
Abu Sahal Ali,
Abulhassan Abraham ben Meïr Ibn-Kamnial,
Amatus Lusitanus,
Amram ben Isaac Ibn-Shalbib,
Bachya Ibn-Alkonstantini,
Benjamin Assia,
Bonet de Lates,
Cardosa, Abraham Michael
Cardoso, Fernando (Isaac)
Castro, Balthasar Orobio de
Castro, Bendito de
Castro, Rodrigo de
Chamiz, Joseph
Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut,
Cohen, Perachya
David de Pomis,
Della Volta, Samuel Vita
Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon
Dunash ben Tamim,
Elias Montalto,
Farraj Ibn-Solomon,
Gamaliel VI,
Guglielmo di Portaleone,
Hamon, Isaac
Hamon, Joseph
Hamon, Moses
Herz, Marcus
Hillel ben Samuel,
Isaac ben Mordecai,
Isaac ben Suleiman Israeli,
Isaac II Abrabanel,
Isaac Benveniste,
Jacob ben Machir Tibbon,
Jacob ben Yechiel Loans,
Jacob Ibn-Nuñez,
Jacob Abi-Ayub,
Jehuda bar Joseph Ibn-Alfachar,
Jehuda Halevi,
Joseph ben Joshua Cohen,
Joseph ben Sabara,
Joseph Albo,
Joseph Orabuena,
Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives Allorqui,
Judah de Blanis,
Judah ben Moses Cohen,
Judah ben Saul Ibn-Tibbon,
Judah ben Yechiel,
Judah Leon Abrabanel,
Levi ben Gerson,
Lippold,
Mantin, Jacob
Meïr Alguades,
Messer-Jawaih,
Moses ben Isaac da Rieti,
Moses ben Maimun,
Moses ben Nachman,
Moses Ibn-Tibbon,
Moses Zarzel,
Musaphia, Benjamin
Nathaniel of Bagdad,
Nathaniel of Egypt,
Nathaniel Ibn-Almali,
Nepi, Graziadio
Nieto, David
Obadiah de Sforno,
Profiat Duran,
Raimuch, Astruc
Saad-Addaula,
Sabbataï Donnolo,
Sahal Rabban,
Samuel,
Samuel Ibn-Wakar,
Samuel Shulam,
Saul Astruc Cohen,
Serachya ben Isaac,
Shem Tob ben Isaac,
Sheshet ben Benveniste,
Silva, Samuel da
Simon ben Zemach Duran,
Simon Zarfati,
Solomon, the Egyptian,
Solomon ben Jacob,
Steinheim, Solomon Ludwig
Tobias of Trent,
Vecinho, Joseph
Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi,
Zedekiah,
Zemach, Jacob.
=Physicians, Samaritan and Saracen=, in favor with the Christians in
Palestine, =3=, 341.
=Picard=, the family of, culture of, =5=, 476.
=Picciotto, Isaac Levi=, accused of ritual murder, =5=, 638.
upbraids the accusers with their inhumanity, =5=, 639.
protected by the Austrian consul, =5=, 639, 646.
=Pichon, Joseph.= _See_ Joseph Pichon.
=Pico di Mirandola=, disciple and friend of Elias del Medigo, =4=,
290.
erudition of, =4=, 290-1.
student of the Kabbala, =4=, 291-2.
translates Kabbalistic writings, =4=, 292.
friend of Judah Leon Abrabanel, =4=, 384.
inspires Reuchlin with love of Hebrew learning, =4=, 433.
admirer of the Kabbala, =4=, 443, 583.
=Piedmont=, French exiles settle in, =4=, 177.
=Pieva di Sacco.= Jewish printing house in, =4=, 289.
=Pilate, Pontius=, fifth procurator of Judæa, administration of,
=2=, 138-9.
uses the Temple treasures for an aqueduct, =2=, 139-40.
permits the execution of Jesus, =2=, 164.
declares Jesus guilty of treason, =2=, 164.
hated, =2=, 171.
cruelty of, to Samaritans, =2=, 171-2.
summoned to Rome, =2=, 172.
=Pilgrimages= among Asiatic Jews, =3=, 440-1.
of the Egyptian Jews, =3=, 445.
to Jerusalem in the fourteenth century, =4=, 73-4.
=Pilpul=, method of Talmud study attributed to Jacob Polak, =4=, 418.
=Pimentel, Manuel.= _See_ Abenacar, Isaac.
=Pina, Paul de.= _See_ Jesurun, Rohel.
=Pinchas ben Jaïr=, opposes the abolition of the year of release,
=2=, 459-60.
=Pinchas Ibn-Azura=, Jewish opponent of Mahomet, =3=, 74.
one of the Benu-Kainukaa, =3=, 76.
=Pinczovinians=, the, Unitarians in Poland, =4=, 647.
=Pinedo, Isaac (Thomas) de= (1614-1679), Marrano scholar, =5=, 114.
unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, =5=, 117.
Sachs compared with, =5=, 688.
=Pinheiro, Diogo=, bishop, opposes the establishment of the
Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 500.
=Pinheiro, Moses=, follower of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 123.
encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, =5=, 160.
teaches the Kabbala, =5=, 164.
=Pinto, Aaron de=, supports Chayon’s cause, =5=, 223.
refuses reconciliation with Chacham Zevi, =5=, 224.
forbids opposition to Chayon, =5=, 224.
summons Chacham Zevi before the Council, =5=, 226.
=Pinto, Abraham=, founder of the Rotterdam Jewish community, =4=, 685.
=Pinto, David=, founder of the Rotterdam Jewish community, =4=, 685.
=Pinto, David=, espouses Eibeschütz’s cause, =5=, 264.
=Pinto, Diogo Rodrigues=, advocate of the Portuguese Marranos at Rome,
=4=, 515, 516.
=Pinto, Isaac= (1715-1787), Marrano, disinterestedness of, =5=, 340.
devoted to the Portuguese Jews, =5=, 341, 344.
wins the Duc de Richelieu to his side, =5=, 343.
answers Voltaire’s defamation of Judaism, =5=, 345, 346.
distinguishes the Portuguese Jews, =5=, 345-6.
the work by, quoted in the Batavian National Assembly, =5=, 456.
=Pintos=, the, millionaires in Amsterdam, =5=, 205.
=Pires, Diogo.= _See_ Molcho, Solomon.
=Pirke Aboth=, a treatise of the Mishna, =2=, 478.
=Pirkheimer, Willibald=, humanist, and the expulsion of the
Jews, =4=, 416.
=Pisa=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
the commerce of, in the fifteenth century, =4=, 285.
the Spanish exiles well treated in, =4=, 360.
exiles from the Papal States in, =4=, 659.
=Pisidia=, mercenaries from, hired by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 39.
=Pitholaus=, general of Hyrcanus II, joins Aristobulus II, =2=, 73.
sentenced to death, =2=, 74.
=Pius IV=, pope, appealed to in behalf of the Jews of Prague,
=4=, 586-7.
character of, =4=, 588.
appealed to by the Jews of Rome, =4=, 588.
permits the appearance of the Talmud, =4=, 589.
recommends censorship to be exercised over the Talmud, =4=, 658.
=Pius V=, pope, severity of, =4=, 589.
places the old canonical restrictions on the Jews, =4=, 590.
persecutes the Jews of the Papal States, =4=, 590.
expels the Jews from the Papal States, =4=, 591-2.
tries to organize a crusade against Turkey, =4=, 601.
hostility of, to the Jews, =4=, 653.
=Pius VII=, pope, opposed to the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 518.
=Pius IX=, pope, action of, in the Mortara case, =5=, 701.
reactionary policy of, =5=, 701.
=Piyutim=, the productions of the poetans, introduced into the
liturgy, =3=, 117-18.
objected to by the Chassidim, =5=, 386-7.
_See also_ Liturgical poetry; Neo-Hebraic poetry; Poetry; Poetanim.
=Place= of the sellers of Ointment in Jerusalem, =1=, 140.
=Placidus=, Roman general under Titus, =2=, 290.
=Plague=, the, under Marcus Aurelius, =2=, 451.
attacks the Spanish exiles in Naples, =4=, 359-60.
keeps the Spanish exiles out of Italy, =4=, 363.
in Portugal attributed to the Jews, =4=, 368.
attributed to the Marranos, =4=, 486-7.
“=Plaints= of a Jew, The,” by Joel Jacoby, =5=, 630-1.
=Plantavicius, Jacob=, bishop, taught by Leo Modena, =5=, 71.
=Plato=, read by the Alexandrian Judæans, =1=, 505.
style of, and Philo’s, =2=, 186.
the sayings of, used by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 267.
theories of, in the prophetical writings and the Agada, =3=, 479.
in Immanuel Romi’s work, =4=, 66.
quoted by Jewish preachers, =4=, 232.
=Plotina=, wife of Trajan, counsels the punishment of the
Jews, =2=, 395.
names Hadrian as Trajan’s successor, =2=, 399.
=Pneumatics.= _See_ Gnosticism.
=Podolia=, Haidamaks in, =5=, 11.
Jews banished from a part of, =5=, 12.
immorality of the Sabbatians of, =5=, 228.
Sabbatians in, =5=, 272.
leader of the Sabbatians of, =5=, 273-4.
devastated by the Cossacks, =5=, 388.
=Poetanim=, the, earliest works of, =3=, 114.
introduce rhyme into Neo-Hebraic poetry, =3=, 116.
liturgical compositions of, forbidden by Anan ben David, =3=, 132.
_See_ Liturgical poetry; Neo-Hebraic poetry; Poetry; Piyutim;
Poets.
=Poetry=, early Hebrew, =1=, 29.
on the destruction of Jerusalem, =1=, 316.
cultivated by the Arabic Jews, =3=, 57-8.
cultivated by the Spanish Jews in the tenth and eleventh
centuries, =3=, 235.
as viewed by Maimonides, =3=, 449-50.
the Jews in, =4=, 164.
_See_ Hebrew literature; Literature, Jewish; Liturgical poetry;
Neo-Hebraic poetry.
=Poetry, Jewish mediæval=, treated of by Sachs, =5=, 693-4.
by Zunz, =5=, 694.
=Poetry, Spanish-Jewish=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 317-18.
history of, by Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 320.