Jewish captives transported to, =3=, 213.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
a Ghetto established at, =3=, 567.
Abraham Abulafia in, =4=, 7-8.
=Palestine=, name for Canaan, =1=, 1.
regarded as the Holy Land, =1=, 41-2.
physical features of, =1=, 42-8.
products of, =1=, 46-8.
climate of, =1=, 45, 47-8.
picturesqueness of, =1=, 48-9.
land of the Philistines, =1=, 55.
colonization of, after the captivity, =1=, 355-6.
Joseph the governor of, =1=, 425.
the Olympian games introduced into, =1=, 445.
the Greek inhabitants of, rejoice over the death of Agrippa
I, =2=, 196.
Lucius Quietus governor of, =2=, 399.
laws hostile to, promulgated by Severus, =2=, 464.
depredations in, by Odenathus, =2=, 527.
the schools of, in good repute with Babylonians, =2=, 531.
poverty of, =2=, 535.
Babylonian Jews emigrate to, =3=, 4.
succumbs to the Arabs, =3=, 86.
subordinates itself to Jewish Babylonia, =3=, 100.
Anan ben David settles in, =3=, 130.
mystical doctrines flourish in, =3=, 154.
part of the Fatimide Caliphate, =3=, 248, 249.
as viewed by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 336-7.
longed for by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 338.
under Christian rule, =3=, 341.
Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 369.
visited by Petachya, =3=, 421.
Yechiel of Paris emigrates to, =3=, 587.
Karaites of, inclined to Rabbanism, =4=, 72.
accessible to Jews, under the Egyptian Sultans, =4=, 73.
emigration to, =4=, 74.
Karaites of, use a calendar of their own, =4=, 270.
emigration of Jews to, forbidden by the pope, =4=, 273-4.
Spanish spoken in, by the exiles, =4=, 387.
the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 396-9.
Marranos in, =4=, 529-30.
influence of the Kabbala in, in the sixteenth century, =4=, 617.
the mountains of, in Rëuel Jesurun’s religious poem, =4=, 678-9.
the Kabbala in, =5=, 52.
Napoleon in, =5=, 459.
wrested from Turkey, =5=, 633.
the Christians of, under French protection, =5=, 634.
hope of the return to, given up by the “Friends of Reform,” =5=,
675, 676.
_See also_ Canaan; Judæa, etc.
=Palestine, the Jews of=, persecuted by Verus Commodus, =2=, 447.
deprived of their own courts of justice, =2=, 447.
injured by Odenathus, =2=, 527.
oppressed by Ursicinus, =2=, 568-9.
burdened with taxes, =2=, 569.
revolt against Rome under Constantius, =2=, 569-70.
sober Bible exegesis of, =2=, 624-5.
condition of, in the sixth century, =3=, 10-13.
educational system of, =3=, 12.
enjoy religious liberty until Justinian, =3=, 12.
under Justinian I, =3=, 13-17.
fined for celebrating the Passover before Easter, =3=, 13.
oppressed by Stephanus, =3=, 16.
aid the Samaritans in an anti-Christian riot, =3=, 17.
under Justin II, Tiberius, and Mauritius, =3=, 17-18.
join Sharbarza, =3=, 19.
destroy Christian sanctuaries, =3=, 19-20.
banished to Persia, =3=, 21.
allied with Heraclius, =3=, 21-2.
extirpation of, asked by Modestus, =3=, 22.
persecuted by Heraclius, =3=, 22-3.
help the Arabs, =3=, 87.
persecuted under the sons of Haroun Alrashid, =3=, 145.
influenced by European immigrants, =3=, 427-8.
ritual of, changed by Maimonides, =3=, 466.
participate in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 624, 626, 631-3.
occupations of, =4=, 74-5.
“=Palingénésie=,” by Caspar Bonnet, =5=, 314.
=Pallache, Samuel=, consul, tries to have Portuguese Marranos
received into Zealand, =4=, 663.
zeal of, =4=, 665.
=Pallas=, favorite of Claudius, opposes Agrippa II, =2=, 196.
brother of, =2=, 242, 245.
=Pallas=, wife of Herod, =2=, 119.
=Palm Sunday.= _See_ Eastertide.
=Palma=, Marrano fugitives in, ask for Gibraltar, =4=, 282-3.
=Palma, the Jews of=, persecuted, =4=, 171.
charged with the blood accusation, =4=, 246.
flee, =4=, 247.
converted, =4=, 247.
=Palmerston=, English minister, appealed to in the Damascus
affair, =5=, 645.
promises to check the cruelties in the East, =5=, 645-6.
on the Damascus affair, =5=, 652.
supports Montefiore, =5=, 659.
congratulates Montefiore, =5=, 669.
=Palmyra= (Tadmor), proselytes from, discussed, =2=, 384.
kingdom of, =2=, 528-30.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 426.
=Paloma=, Spanish exile, drowns herself to escape disgrace, =4=, 362.
=Paltoi ben Abayi= (842-858), Gaon of Pumbeditha, noted for frequent
use of excommunication, =3=, 177.
=Pamier=, the Jews of, under the protection of the Count de
Foix, =4=, 176.
=Pampeluna=, the Jews of, escape massacre, =4=, 78.
a religious disputation at, =4=, 142.
=Panegyric=, the favorite subject of Jewish Andalusian poetry, =3=,
224.
=Panias=, given to Philip by Herod’s will, =2=, 119.
given to Agrippa II by Claudius, =2=, 245.
Diocletian summons Judah III to, =2=, 533.
=Panion=, Scopas defeated near =1=, 433.
=Pantæus=, Church Father, critical spirit of, =2=, 488.
=Papa bar Chanan= (300-375), Amora, founds an academy at Nares,
=2=, 593-4.
confused discourses of, =2=, 594.
method of, =2=, 594.
=Papa bar Nazar=, Jewish name of Odenathus, =2=, 527.
=Papa, Aaron de la=, rabbi of Smyrna, banished by the Sabbatians, =5=,
136, 144.
=Papacy=, the, ascendancy of, affects the position of the
Jews, =3=, 494.
power of, established, =3=, 503.
viciousness of, at Avignon, =4=, 162.
attacked by Huss, =4=, 221-2.
efforts to re-establish the supremacy of, =4=, 562.
_See also_ Bulls; Popes, the.
=Papal States=, the, Ferrara incorporated into, =4=, 660.
=Papal States, the, the Jews of=, taxed for the benefit of the
catechumens, =4=, 566.
shut up in Ghettos, =4=, 566.
restrictions against, =4=, 566-7.
annoyed by apostates, =4=, 581.
persecuted by Pius V, =4=, 590.
expelled by Pius V, =4=, 591-2.
under Sixtus V, =4=, 655-6.
expelled by Clement VIII, =4=, 659.
received in Pisa, =4=, 659.
=Pappos ben Judah=, teacher of the Law, in prison with Akiba, =2=,
428.
=Pappus=, leader of the rebellion against Trajan in Judæa, =2=, 395.
life of, threatened, =2=, 401.
=Paradise=, the belief in, introduced into Judaism, =1=, 404.
=Paran=, table-land of, =1=, 45.
=Parchi.= _See_ Estori.
=Parchon.= _See_ Solomon ben Abraham.
=Pardes=, a book of morals, by Yedaya Penini, =4=, 43.
=Pardo, David=, rabbi of the third Amsterdam synagogue, =4=, 680.
member of the first Amsterdam rabbinical college, =4=, 682.
mediocrity of, =4=, 682.
=Pardo, Joseph=, rabbi of the Amsterdam Marranos, =4=, 671.
indulgent towards the weaknesses of the Amsterdam Jews, =4=, 680.
threatens Uriel da Costa with excommunication, =5=, 58.
=Pardo, Josiah=, rabbi of Rotterdam, =4=, 685.
=Paris=, Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
half of, owned by Jews in the twelfth century, =3=, 343.
the rabbi of, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
Maimonides’ works burnt at, =3=, 543.
a seat of Talmud study, =3=, 575.
the Talmud burnt at, =3=, 579.
receives Crémieux coolly, =5=, 668.
=Paris, the Commune of=, discusses the emancipation of the Jews,
=5=, 443-5.
requests the emancipation of the Paris Jews of the National
Assembly, =5=, 445.
=Paris, the Council of= (615), forbids the Jews to hold magisterial
power or enter military service, =3=, 40.
(846), summoned by Charles the Bald, =3=, 172.
forbids the employment of Christian midwives by Jews, =3=, 508.
=Paris, the Jews of=, attacked by a mob, =4=, 150-1.
attacked by the Maillotins, =4=, 152.
prosecuted for the disappearance of an apostate, =4=, 175.
number of, =5=, 435.
in the National Guard, =5=, 438.
send deputies to the National Assembly, =5=, 438.
commended by the Carmelite district, =5=, 444-5.
emancipation of, demanded by the Paris Commune, =5=, 445.
compelled to worship in the Temple of Reason, =5=, 452.
excepted from Napoleon’s restrictive laws, =5=, 499.
=Paris, the Talmudical college of=, closed, =3=, 403.
sold, =4=, 48.
re-established, =4=, 133.
=Paris, the University of=, directed to banish philosophical writings
from its curriculum, =3=, 528.
appealed to by Hoogstraten, =4=, 458.
appealed to by the Dominicans, =4=, 459-60.
gives judgment against Reuchlin, =4=, 460, 473.
satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461.
teaches and prints Hebrew, =4=, 473.
=Parliament=, three petitions to, in favor of the re-settlement of
Jews in England, =5=, 35.
admission of Jews to, =5=, 698.
_See also_ House of Commons, the.
=Parliament, the Jewish=, summoned by Henry III, =3=, 589-90.
=Parliament, the Long=, and the cause of religious liberty, =5=, 25.
the dissolution of, =5=, 34.
=Parliament, the Short=, the convening of, =5=, 34.
the Jewish character of, =5=, 34.
entertains the re-settlement of the Jews in England, =5=, 34.
the dissolution of, =5=, 35.
=Parnesé ha-Keneset=, the commission entrusted with public interests
in Jewish Babylonia, =3=, 99.
=Paro=, Joseph Nassi duke of, =4=, 596.
=Parosh=, the family of, forms a league in Babylon, =1=, 330.
=Parsophin= (Parzufin), Kabbalistic term, =4=, 619; =5=, 217.
=Parthia=, the number of Judæans in, =2=, 202.
the Jewish communities of, in sympathy with the Zealots, =2=, 256.
conquered by Trajan, =2=, 393.
the Jews of, resist Trajan, =2=, 393-4.
escapes being made a Roman province, =2=, 399.
rebels against Trajan, =2=, 399.
war of, with the Romans, =2=, 447.
laid waste by Severus, =2=, 464.
the dynasty of, overthrown, =2=, 523.
=Parthians=, the, defeat the Syrians, =2=, 5.
defeated by Antiochus Sidetes, =2=, 5.
the campaign of Crassus against, =2=, 74.
dethrone Hyrcanus, =2=, 82-3.
characterized by Levi bar Sissi, =2=, 525.
invade the Roman empire, =2=, 527.
=Parties=, in Judæa after the death of Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 489-90.
=Paruta=, disciple of Michael Servetus in Poland, =4=, 647.
=Parzufin.= _See_ Parsophin.
=Pascal=, pope, convenes a Church Council in France, =3=, 376.
=Paschal lamb=, the, offered at Jerusalem by order of Hezekiah, =1=,
268.
a substitute for, introduced in Rome, =2=, 68.
=Paschal sacrifice=, the, supersedes the Sabbath, =2=, 99.
=Pasquier=, imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Jewish
Notables, =5=, 485.
=Passau=, the Jews of, charged with host desecration, =4=, 306.
=Passion Week.= _See_ Eastertide.
=Passover=, celebrated under Hezekiah, =1=, 268.
celebrated under Josiah, =1=, 295.
under Zerubbabel, =1=, 359.
in the Sopheric age, =1=, 398.
the celebration of, forbidden by Archelaus, =2=, 121-2.
of the Crushing in 66, =2=, 251.
the celebration of, before Easter forbidden by Justinian
I, =3=, 13.
observed by the Marranos of Lisbon, =4=, 489.
as celebrated by Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 148-9.
the celebration of, hindered during the Reign of Terror, =5=, 452.
=Pastor=, a Galician scholar, excommunicated, =5=, 614.
=Pastor=, a lawyer of Naples, opposes the progress of Belisarius, =3=,
32.
murdered, =3=, 32.
“=Pastor Fido=,” translated by Isabel Correa, =5=, 114.
=Pastoureaux= (Pastorelli, Roïm), the, massacre of the French Jews by,
=4=, 55-7.
=Patras=, the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 406.
=Patriarch=, title of the president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 334.
=Patriarchate=, the, invested with autocratic power under Judah I,
=2=, 452-4.
on a level with the Exilarchate, =2=, 454.
extinction of, a condition of the advent of the Messiah, =2=, 457.
royal authority of, under Judah II, =2=, 485.
decline of the authority of, =2=, 535.
decline of, =2=, 560.
power of, over non-Palestinian communities ends with the adoption
of a fixed calendar, =2=, 573.
constitutes Judæa the head of the Jewish communities of the Roman
empire, =2=, 611.
fall of, =2=, 612, 617-18.
=Patriarchs=, the, levy a tax from the time of Judah II, =2=, 487.
support of, =2=, 535-6.
titles of, =2=, 560-1, 612.
regarded as the chief of the Jews in the Roman empire, =2=, 561.
compelled to go to Sora, =2=, 607.
exclude apostates from the Jewish community, =2=, 612-13.
exempt from civil duties, =2=, 616.
enjoy civil jurisdiction, =2=, 616.
tax of, forbidden to be collected, =2=, 617.
dignities bestowed on, =2=, 617-18.
number of, =2=, 618.
tax of, collected by imperial officials, =2=, 622.
the Jews under, =5=, 725.
_See also_ Synhedrion, the, presidents of.
=Patriarchs=, the, list of:
Gamaliel II,
Gamaliel III,
Gamaliel IV,
Gamaliel V,
Gamaliel VI,
Hillel II,
Judah I,
Judah II,
Judah III,
Judah IV,
Simon III.
_See also_ Synhedrion, the, presidents of.
=Patricius= (Patrick Netira), leader of the Jews in a revolt against
Rome, =2=, 570.
=Patriotism=, towards France discussed in the Assembly of Jewish
Notables, =5=, 489, 492.
in the Synhedrion, =5=, 497.
=Paul III= (Farnese), pope, well disposed to Jews, =4=, 515.
worked upon by João III and Duarte de Paz, =4=, 515.
orders a reconsideration of the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 516.
protects the Portuguese Marranos, =4=, 516, 520, 521-2.
deprecates the assault on Duarte de Paz, =4=, 517.
objects to forcible conversions, =4=, 517-18.
sanctions the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 518, 527.
recommends gentle measures for the Marranos, =4=, 518, 527.
Marranos complain to, of the cruelty of the Inquisition, =4=,
519-20.
submits his Inquisition bull to a commission, =4=, 520.
cripples the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 522.
authorizes the order of Jesuits and the Inquisition at Rome,
=4=, 524-5.
under obligations to Spain and Portugal, =4=, 525.
abused at the Council of Trent, =4=, 525-6.
defends the Marranos’ right of emigration, =4=, 526.
hostile to Charles V, =4=, 526.
death of, =4=, 528.
grants privileges to the Marranos of Ancona, =4=, 568.
=Paul IV= (Pietro Caraffa), pope, proposes the Inquisition at
Rome, =4=, 525.
efforts of, to re-establish papal supremacy, =4=, 562.
introduces the censorship of the press, =4=, 563.
decrees the burning of the Talmud, =4=, 565.
issues two bulls against the Jews, =4=, 566-7.
ill-treats the Jews of Rome, =4=, 567.
persecutes the Marranos of Ancona, =4=, 568, 571.
compelled to set free the Turkish Jews in Ancona, =4=, 578.
employs apostates to annoy Jews, =4=, 581, 584.
persecutes the Marranos, =4=, 581-2.
has the Talmud burnt at Cremona, =4=, 582-3.
death of, =4=, 586, 587.
=Paul= (Saul of Tarsus), apostle, proselytizes the heathen, =2=, 219.
defends the integrity of the Law, =2=, 221.
chief promoter of Christianity, =2=, 223, 365.
characterization of, =2=, 223.
opponent of the Greek Nazarenes, =2=, 224.
and the conversion of the heathen world, =2=, 224-5.
conversion of, to Christianity, =2=, 225.
vision of, =2=, 225.
and the doctrine of resurrection, =2=, 225-6.
joins the Nazarenes of Damascus, =2=, 226.
flees to Arabia, =2=, 226.
second visit of, to Damascus, =2=, 227.
at Jerusalem, =2=, 227.
establishes Greek Christian communities, =2=, 227-8.
teaches Judaism as an introduction to Christianity, =2=, 228.
inveighs against the Law, =2=, 229-30.
causes a schism in Christianity, =2=, 230.
quarrel of, with Peter, =2=, 231.
anathematizes his opponents, =2=, 231.
hated by the Jewish Christians, =2=, 367, 368.
followers of, submit to Roman domination, =2=, 369.
teaching of, becomes true Christianity, =2=, 373.
=Paul=, bishop of Constantinople, asperses Judaism, =2=, 562.
=Paul Burgensis.= _See_ Solomon Levi.
=Paul of Samosata=, bishop of Antioch, at the court of Zenobia, =2=,
529.
=Paul de Santa Maria.= _See_ Solomon Levi.
=Pauli, Oliger=, an enthusiast for the Jews, =5=, 177.
=Paulus=, opponent of the Jews, =5=, 601.
=Pauw, Reinier=, burgomaster of Amsterdam, and intermarriages between
Jews and Christians, =4=, 674.
=Pavia=, a Jewess of, apostatizes and returns to Judaism, =4=, 288.
the Jews of, expelled, =4=, 660.
=Paz, Duarte de=, advocate of the Portuguese Marranos at Rome, =4=,
512.
betrays the confidence of João III, =4=, 512.
influences Clement VII against the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 513.
obtains a papal brief protecting Marranos, =4=, 513-14.
influences Paul III, =4=, 515.
bribes church officials, =4=, 516.
assaulted by order of the Portuguese court, =4=, 517.
misappropriates funds, =4=, 518.
tries to have the Inquisition bull revoked, =4=, 519.
=Paz, Enrique Enriquez de= (Antonio Enriquez de Gomez, 1600-1660),
playwright, as soldier, =5=, 110.
tried by the Inquisition, =5=, 110.
in France, =5=, 110.
burnt in effigy at Seville, =5=, 111.
Jewish poem by, =5=, 111.
unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, =5=, 117.
=Peace Congress=, the. _See_ Rastadt.
=Peace party=, the, in Jerusalem, supporters of, =2=, 256.
justifies the revolt of the people, =2=, 257.
declares the refusal of heathen sacrifices unlawful, =2=, 259.
asks the authorities for troops, =2=, 259.
kept out of the Temple by the Zealots, =2=, 260.
loses its influence, =2=, 268.
=Peasants=, Jewish, influence of Christianity on, =2=, 364-5.
=Pechah=, a Persian governor of Judæa, =1=, 352, 361.
=Pecht=, an Egyptian goddess, =1=, 9.
=Pedro II=, of Aragon, the Jews under, =3=, 497-8.
=Pedro IV=, of Aragon, the Jews under, =4=, 145.
=Pedro IV=, the Cruel (1350-1369), of Castile, revolt against, =4=,
102.
character of, =4=, 113.
family relations of, =4=, 113-14.
neglected by his father, =4=, 114.
Jews attached to, =4=, 114.
the Jews under, =4=, 115-26.
refuses to curtail the privileges of the Jews, =4=, 116.
wives of, =4=, 116-17.
decoyed into the fortress of Toro, =4=, 118.
mentioned on the inscriptions in the Toledo synagogue, =4=, 120.
deposes and tortures Samuel Abulafia, =4=, 121.
determines to kill his wife, =4=, 121.
acknowledges Maria de Padilla his wife, =4=, 122.
alliance against, =4=, 122.
maligned by his brother, =4=, 122-3.
compelled to leave Burgos, =4=, 123.
loses Toledo and Seville, =4=, 124.
aided by the Black Prince, =4=, 124.
calls in the Mahometan king of Granada, =4=, 125.
death of, =4=, 126.
the Jews hated on account of the civil war under, =4=, 167.
=Pedro de la Caballeria=, apostate, Christian propagandist,
=4=, 231-2.
=Pedro de Herrera=, Marrano, asks for Gibraltar as a refuge for
Marranos, =4=, 282-3.
=Pedro de Luna=, cardinal. _See_ Benedict XIII, pope.
=Pedro de Toledo=, viceroy of Naples, employs Samuel II Abrabanel,
=4=, 409.
daughter of, =4=, 410.
=Peel, Sir Robert=, introduces the Damascus affair in Parliament, =5=,
652.
=Pekah=, king of Israel, characterization of, =1=, 248.
allies of, =1=, 248.
licentiousness of the nobles under, =1=, 250.
allies himself with Rezin of Damascus, =1=, 258, 259.
submits to Tiglath-Pileser, =1=, 260.
murdered, =1=, 260.
=Pekahiah=, king of Israel, murdered, =1=, 248.
=Pelethites=, the, mercenary troops under David, =1=, 122.
in the Ammonite war, =1=, 126.
faithful to David in the civil war with Absalom, =1=, 141.
in the war against Sheba, =1=, 149.
attend Solomon, =1=, 153.
=Pelham=, English minister, favors the emancipation of the
Jews, =5=, 337.
=Pelka=, son of Casimir III, =4=, 112.
=Pella=, destroyed by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 46.
=Pelusium=, besieged by Sennacherib, =1=, 276, 277.
the Egyptians defeated at, =1=, 450.
=Penal law=, the, of Judaism, =2=, 473.
=Penini.= _See_ Yedaya En-Bonet.
=Peñiscola=, Benedict XIII holds papal court at, =4=, 217.
=Penitential hymns=, by Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 246.
=Penitential prayers.= _See_ Prayers.
=Penso, Isaac=, Marrano banker, philanthropist, =5=, 111-12.
=Penso, Joseph= (Felice de la Vega, 1650-1703), Marrano poet, Hebrew
dramas by, =5=, 112-13.
novels by, =5=, 113.
celebrated by Isaac Gomez de Sosa, =5=, 113.
unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, =5=, 117.
compared with Luzzatto, =5=, 234.
=Pentapolis=, five Philistine cities, =1=, 54.
=Pentateuch=, the. _See_ Law, the; Scriptures, the; Septuagint, the;
Translation.
=Pentateuch, the, Mendelssohn’s translation of=, for his children,
published, =5=, 328-9.
commentary for, by Solomon Dubno, =5=, 329.
subscribers to, =5=, 329, 334.
arouses the opposition of pious Jews, =5=, 330-2.
interdict against, =5=, 332.
forbidden in Polish towns, =5=, 332.
interdicted by Raphael Cohen, =5=, 333.
co-workers in, =5=, 334.
appeals to the young, =5=, 334-5.
influence of, on German Jews, =5=, 395-6.
disseminated in Alsace, =5=, 430.
=Pentecost=, the Feast of, as fixed by Anan ben David, =3=, 131.
=Pentekaka=, prays for rain, =2=, 541-2.
=Penuel= (Peniel), fortified by Jeroboam, =1=, 185.
=Penya, Chayim=, opponent of Sabbataï Zevi, ill-treated, =5=, 136.
daughters of, Sabbatians, =5=, 136.
turns Sabbatian, =5=, 136.
rewarded by Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 145.
=Penyaforte, Raymond de=, Dominican-General, devotes himself to the
conversion of Mahometans and Jews, =3=, 519-20, 597.
arranges a disputation between Pablo Christiani and Nachmani, =3=,
598.
cautions Nachmani against blaspheming Christianity, =3=, 598.
continues the disputation in the Barcelona synagogue, =3=, 601.
on the Trinity, =3=, 601.
sends Pablo Christiani on missionary journeys, =3=, 602.
appointed censor of the Talmud, =3=, 603.
accuses Nachmani of blasphemy, =3=, 604.
monks trained by, act as conversionists, =3=, 621.
has Hebrew taught for conversion purposes, =3=, 640-1.
arouses the persecuting spirit against the Jews of Aragon, =4=, 77.
policy of, adopted by the Council of Basle, =4=, 245.
=Peor=, Mount, idolatry at, =1=, 28.
scene of the death of Moses, =1=, 31.
=Peræa=, land east of the Jordan, =1=, 30.
given to Herod Antipas by Herod’s will, =2=, 119.
under Herod Antipas, =2=, 137.
given to Agrippa I by Caligula, =2=, 177.
=Pereira, Abraham=, Sabbatian, =5=, 139.
prepares to journey to Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 150.
encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, =5=, 160.
=Pereira, Emile and Isaac=, grandfather of, =5=, 342.
=Pereira, Jacob Rodrigues= (1715-1780), inventor of the sign language,
=5=, 342-3.
partial to Portuguese Jews, =5=, 343.
has the statute against foreign Jews in Bordeaux ratified,
=5=, 343-4.
=Perez, Alvar, de Guzman=, mayor of Seville, protects the
Jews, =4=, 168.
=Pergamus=, treasure house in, for the half-Shekel contributions to
the Temple, =2=, 53.
=Peringer, Gustavus=, inquires into Karaism, =5=, 182-3.
=Perizzites=, the, a subdivision of the Canaanites, =1=, 3.
declared bondmen by Solomon, =1=, 163.
=Perl, Joseph= (1773-1839), founds a high school in Tarnopol, =5=,
612.
attacks the Chassidim, =5=, 612.
member of the Society for Culture, =5=, 612.
=Pernambuco=, Amsterdam Jews settle in, =4=, 693.
congregation of, =4=, 693.
=Perpignan=, French Jews expelled by Philip IV settle in, =4=, 50.
=Perpignan, the Jews of=, in the thirteenth century, =4=, 25.
protect Levi of Villefranche, =4=, 29.
agitation among, in behalf of Abba-Mari’s cause, =1=, 33-4.
=Persia=, revolt against, =1=, 407-9.
the goddess of love, worshipped in, =1=, 408.
conquered by Alexander the Great, =1=, 412.
Alexander Severus’ campaign in, =2=, 482.
succumbs to the Arabs, =3=, 86.
visited by Petachya, =3=, 421.
under the jurisdiction of the Exilarch, =3=, 428.
the khanate of, under Argun, =3=, 637-8, 646, 650.
=Persia (Sassanian empire), the Jews of=, persecuted by Firuz,
=2=, 628-30.
under Kobad, =3=, 4.
well treated by Bahram Tshubin, =3=, 8-9.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 434-5.
=Persian= influence on Judaism, =1=, 402-5.
=Perushim.= _See_ Pharisees.
=Pesakim=, practical application of the legal enactments of the
Talmud, =3=, 345.
=Pesaro=, Molcho at, =4=, 501.
a refuge for Marranos, =4=, 569.
the Jews of, invite Turkish trade, =4=, 578-9.
the Marranos banished from, =4=, 580-1.
refuge of Jewish exiles from the Papal States, =4=, 592.
=Pescennius, Niger.= _See_ Niger.
=Peshat=, simple text explanation, =3=, 288, 345.
=Peshito=, the Syriac translation of the Law, =2=, 582.
=Pessach-Peter=, apostate, brings charges against the Jews of Germany,
=4=, 177-8.
=Pesth=, the Jews of, modify their divine service, =5=, 582.
_See also_ Buda; Buda-Pesth.
=Petachya of Ratisbon= (1175-1190), traveler in the East, =3=, 421.
on the Jews of Susa, =3=, 435.
on the Jews of India, =3=, 435-6.
on the conversion of Armenians to Judaism, =3=, 440.
=Peter= (Simon, Kephas, Petrus), apostle, disciple of Jesus in
Capernaum, =2=, 153.
calls Jesus the Christ, =2=, 158.
loyal to Jesus, =2=, 163.
leader of the early Christians, =2=, 169.
leader of the Law-abiding Nazarenes at Jerusalem, =2=, 222.
teachings of, opposed to those of Paul, =2=, 230.
quarrel of, with Paul, =2=, 231.
on the solidarity of the Jews, =2=, 367-8.
=Peter=, Tossafist, martyr, =3=, 355.