=Leo the Hebrew.= _See_ Levi ben Gerson.
=Leo the Isaurian=, emperor, forces baptism upon the Jews of the
Byzantine empire, =3=, 122-3.
forces Jews to emigrate, =3=, 139.
oppresses the Jews, =3=, 175.
=Leo Medigo.= _See_ Judah Leon Abrabanel.
=Leo the Philosopher=, emperor of the Byzantine empire, punishes
backsliding Jewish converts, =3=, 176.
=Leo (Judah) ben Isaac Modena= (1571-1649), sceptic, =5=, 56.
ancestry of, =5=, 65.
precocity of, =5=, 65.
varied attainments of, =5=, 65-6.
lacks genius and character, =5=, 66.
scepticism of, =5=, 66-7.
on card playing, =5=, 67.
on the transmigration of souls, =5=, 67.
member of the Venice rabbinate, =5=, 67.
and Sarah Sullam, =5=, 70.
teacher of Christians, =5=, 71.
publishes a work on Jewish customs, =5=, 71-2, 81.
attacks the Kabbala, =5=, 74.
death of, =5=, 74.
teacher of Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 75.
fickleness of, =5=, 84.
criticism of the Kabbala by, attacked by Luzzatto, =5=, 240.
=Leon, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 384.
suffer from the forces of Castile and Aragon, =3=, 387.
not compelled to wear Jew badges, =3=, 513.
letter to, denouncing Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 544.
taxed under Sancho, =3=, 617.
accept baptism under Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 205.
=Leon.= _See_ Jehuda ben Meïr; Judah ben Yechiel.
=Leon de Bagnols.= _See_ Levi ben Gerson.
=Leon of Filneck=, character in “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 324.
=Leon, Jacob Jehuda= (Templo, 1603-1671), supposed author of
“Colloquium Middelburgense,” =4=, 691.
work of, on the Temple, =5=, 114-15.
work of, translated, =5=, 115.
translator of the Psalms, =5=, 115.
unaffected by Spinoza’s attack on Judaism, =5=, 117.
=Leone Romano.= _See_ Jehuda ben Moses ben Daniel.
=Leonora=, duchess of Tuscany, friend of Benvenida Abrabanel, =4=,
410, 553, 544.
=Leonora=, widow of Ferdinand I, regent of Portugal, =4=, 160.
removes Jews from office, =4=, 160.
renounces the regency, =4=, 160-1.
quarrels with Juan I of Castile, =4=, 161.
=Leonora de Guzman=, mistress of Alfonso XI of Castile, arouses his
suspicions against Gonzalo Martinez, =4=, 85.
sons of, oppose Pedro the Cruel, =4=, 113.
causes the ill-treatment of Alfonso’s wife, =4=, 114.
=Leonore d’Este=, attachment of the Jews to, =4=, 660.
=Leontin.= _See_ Jehuda ben Meïr.
=Leontopolis=, the Temple of Onias built at, =1=, 508.
=Leopold I=, emperor, decrees the banishment of the Jews, =5=, 170.
refuses to revoke the decree of banishment, =5=, 171-2.
re-admits Jews into Vienna, =5=, 189.
decrees the suppression of “Judaism Unmasked,” =5=, 190.
appealed to, in behalf of Eisenmenger’s book, =5=, 192-3.
=Leopold II=, of Austria, imposes new restrictions on the
Jews, =5=, 508.
=Leopold=, duke of Austria, Jewish treasurer of, =3=, 418.
=Leopoldstadt=, assigned to the Jews of Vienna, =4=, 702; =5=, 172.
=Lepanto=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Lepers=, the, at Bethany, =2=, 160.
treatment of, in the Middle Ages, =4=, 57.
=Lepidus=, member of the second triumvirate, =2=, 81.
=Lerida=, resists the introduction of the Inquisition, =4=, 332.
=Lerida, the Jews of=, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, =3=, 537.
persecuted in 1391, =4=, 172.
converted by Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 214.
=Lerin=, count of, receives the Spanish exiles, =4=, 358.
=Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim=, liberality of, =5=, 296.
becomes acquainted with Mendelssohn, =5=, 297.
attitude of, towards Jews, =5=, 297, 336.
admiration of, for Mendelssohn, =5=, 298, 302.
has Mendelssohn’s first work printed, =5=, 299.
on the Lavater controversy, =5=, 319.
becomes acquainted with the Reimarus family, =5=, 319-20.
publishes the “Fragments of an Unknown,” =5=, 320-1.
attacked on account of the “Fragments,” =5=, 322-3.
writes his “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 323-7.
aided by Moses Wessely, =5=, 326.
loses caste through “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 326.
death of, =5=, 326, 327.
accused of Spinozism, =5=, 372.
influence of, on German Jews, =5=, 412.
“=Letter= of Aristas,” translated by Azarya deï Rossi, =4=, 615.
“=Letter=” of Gaon Sherira, on Jewish history, =3=, 232-3.
“=Letter= of Warning, The,” by Solomon Alami, quoted, =4=, 154-5.
“=Letter= of Zeal,” by Eibeschütz, =5=, 261.
=Letters=, the carrying of, regulated by Gershom ben Jehuda,
=3=, 244-5.
“=Letters of Obscurantists=, The,” by Crotus Rubianus, a Reuchlinist
work, =4=, 461-2.
on the Jews and the Talmud, =4=, 461.
effect of, =4=, 462.
attributed to various authors, =4=, 462.
compared with Perl’s attacks on Chassidism, =5=, 612.
=Levelers=, the, Jewish spirit among, =5=, 28. _See_ Puritans, the.
=Leven, Narcisse=, founder of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, =5=,
701.
=Levi, the tribe of=, learns from the Egyptians how to write, =1=, 8.
free from Egyptian idolatrous practices, =1=, 12.
faithful to Moses, =1=, 18.
_See_ Levites, the; Priests, the.
=Levi= (Matthew), publican, follower of Jesus, =2=, 153.
=Levi bar Sissi=, teacher of the Law in Simonias, =2=, 454.
adds supplements to the Mishna, =2=, 470.
son of, =2=, 497.
on the neo-Persians, =2=, 525.
=Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim=, of Villefranche (1240-1315),
allegorist, system of, =4=, 24-5.
at Perpignan, =4=, 25.
opposed by Abba-Mari, =4=, 28.
forced to leave Samuel Sulami’s house, =4=, 29.
ancestor of Gersonides, =4=, 91.
=Levi ben Gerson= (Ralbag, Gersonides, Leon de Bagnols, Leo the
Hebrew, 1288-1345), philosopher, =4=, 87, 91.
scientific education of, =4=, 91.
as astronomer, =4=, 91-2.
life of, =4=, 92.
religious philosophy of, =4=, 92-3.
fearlessness of, =4=, 92.
denounced as a heretic, =4=, 93.
astronomical treatise of, translated into Latin, =4=, 93, 103.
predicts the beginning of the Messianic period, =4=, 120.
authority of, questioned by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 146.
Isaac ben Sheshet’s view of, =4=, 147.
accused of heresy by Shem Tob ben Joseph, =4=, 197.
adversely criticised by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 342.
exegesis of, praised by Reuchlin, =4=, 442.
commentary of, published in the Bomberg Bible, =4=, 476.
=Levi ben Jacob Chabib=, rabbi of Jerusalem, Talmudist, forced
baptism of, =4=, 378, 532-3.
attainments of, =4=, 533.
relation of, to Jacob Berab, =4=, 533-4.
ordained by Jacob Berab, =4=, 534.
antagonizes Jacob Berab, =4=, 534, 535, 536.
confesses his forced baptism, =4=, 536.
=Levi ben Shem Tob=, apostate, advises the baptism of Jewish
children, =4=, 375.
=Levi ben Todros Abulafia=, Kabbalist, =4=, 2.
=Levi, Aaron.= _See_ Montezinos, Antonio de.
=Levi, Abraham.= _See_ Abraham Levi.
=Levi, Astruc.= _See_ Astruc Levi.
=Levi, David= (Ture Zahab), Talmudist, =5=, 152.
=Levi, Elisha=, Palestinian emissary, father of Nathan Ghazati, =5=,
130.
=Levi, Gedaliah.= _See_ Gedaliah Levi.
=Levi, Isaac Lurya.= _See_ Isaac Lurya Levi.
=Levi, Isaiah=, Sabbatian, =5=, 152.
=Levi, Nathan Benjamin.= _See_ Nathan Benjamin Levi.
=Levi, Raphael=, charged with the blood accusation, =5=, 175-6.
guilt of, believed in by Eisenmenger, =5=, 188.
=Levi, Solomon.= _See_ Solomon Levi.
=Levi, Wolf=, apostate, =5=, 213.
=Levin (Varnhagen), Rachel=, characteristics of, =5=, 413.
on the “hep, hep!” persecution, =5=, 534.
influence of the salon of, on Heine, =5=, 546.
=Levirate marriage=, the, regulated by the synod of Mayence, =3=, 518.
=Levita, Elias.= _See_ Elias Levita.
=Levite=, a, author of the books of Chronicles, =1=, 411.
=Levites=, the, punish the idolatrous Israelites in the desert, =1=,
24.
left without territory, =1=, 40.
reside at Shiloh, =1=, 41, 69.
opposed to intermarriages with the heathen, =1=, 56.
dispersed among the tribes, =1=, 57.
reprove the people for idolatry, =1=, 58.
scattered from Shiloh, =1=, 72.
join Samuel in a guild, =1=, 76.
assist Samuel, =1=, 78.
faithful to David in the civil war with Absalom, =1=, 141.
service of, in the Temple, =1=, 167-8.
settle in Judah to escape idol worship, =1=, 187.
recalled to the Temple under Josiah, =1=, 289.
carry the Psalms into the Babylonian exile, =1=, 334.
return from the Captivity under Zerubbabel, =1=, 352.
leave Jerusalem, =1=, 372.
lack of, in Jerusalem under Nehemiah, =1=, 377.
explain the Law as read by Ezra, =1=, 378-9.
at the consecration of the walls of Jerusalem, =1=, 381-2.
tithes for, collected under Ezra, =1=, 382.
lose their income, =1=, 383.
return to the Temple, =1=, 386.
abandon the Temple under Apollonius, =1=, 454.
re-instated by the Maccabees, =1=, 473.
officiate in the Temple of Onias, =1=, 508.
_See also_ Levi, the tribe of; Priests, the.
=Levy, Maurice=, acquaints Napoleon with the anti-Jewish agitation,
=5=, 498.
=Lewin, Hirschel=, rabbi of Berlin, and Mendelssohn, =5=, 317.
=Lexicon, Hebrew= (Aruch, Dictionary, Iggaron, Machbereth), by
Saadiah, =3=, 190.
by Menachem ben Saruk, =3=, 225, 226.
by Ibn-Janach, =3=, 263.
by Solomon ben Abraham Parchon, =3=, 423.
=Lexicon, Talmudical=, by Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi, =3=, 179.
by Nachshon ben Zadok, =3=, 179.
by Nathan ben Yechiel, =3=, 290.
by David de Pomis, =4=, 657.
_See also_ Aruch.
=Lexicons, Talmudical=, revised, =5=, 115.
=Libanius=, teacher of Julian the Apostate, =2=, 595.
=Libermann, Eleazar=, aids the Reform movement, =5=, 568, 569, 571.
=Libertini=, the, synagogues of, =2=, 103, 201.
=Libertinus=, prefect of Sicily, razes a synagogue to the
ground, =3=, 34.
“=Library= of the Fine Arts, The,” Mendelssohn contributes
to, =5=, 300.
=Liebmann, Jost=, court jeweler, favorite of Frederick I of
Prussia, =5=, 190.
wife of, =5=, 190, 219.
permitted to have a private synagogue, =5=, 191.
son-in-law of, =5=, 219.
=Liegnitz=, the Jews of, charged with host desecration, =4=, 261.
“=Light= of the Exile, The,” Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 243.
“=Light= of the Eyes,” by Azarya deï Rossi, =4=, 615.
declared heretical, =4=, 616.
fate of, among Jews and Christians, =4=, 616-17.
=Lima, David de=, builds the third synagogue at Hamburg, =4=, 691.
=Limpo, Balthasar=, bishop, abuses Paul III before the Council of
Trent, =4=, 525-6.
=Lincoln, the Jews of=, protected against the crusaders, =3=, 413.
=Lindau=, the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, =4=, 105.
burnt on the blood accusation, =4=, 227.
=Lipmann= (Tab-Yomi) of Mühlhausen, defends the Alenu prayer, =4=,
178.
=Lipmann, Solomon=, temporary chairman of the Assembly of Jewish
Notables, =5=, 487.
=Lippe=, Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
=Lippe-Schaumburg=, the Prince of, honors Mendelssohn, =5=, 308.
=Lippold=, physician, accused of poisoning Elector Joachim
II, =4=, 652.
=Lisbon, the Jews of=, agitation against, =4=, 160.
ransom Jewish captives, =4=, 339.
port open to the Jews on their banishment from Portugal, =4=,
374, 376-7.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
earthquake at, =4=, 505.
tribunal of the Inquisition in, =5=, 508.
autos-da-fé in, =5=, 32, 91.
=Lisbon, the Marranos of=, worship at a synagogue, =4=, 485.
massacre of, =4=, 487.
life of, inquired into, =4=, 489.
spied upon by Henrique Nunes, =4=, 490.
=Lisbona, Samuel=, father-in-law of Nathan Ghazati, =5=, 130.
=Lissa, Jacob=, leader of the orthodox party, =5=, 567.
=Lissa=, Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation forbidden in, =5=, 332.
the Jews of, burn Wessely’s letter, =5=, 370.
the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Literature, Jewish=, in Hasmonæan times, =2=, 15-16.
becomes known to the heathen, =2=, 502.
Reuchlin on, =4=, 441-3.
attractive to Christians, =5=, 178, 179.
_See under_ Hebrew literature; Judæo-Greek literature; Rabbinical
literature; Poetry.
=Literature, Jewish mediæval=, treated by Sachs, =5=, 693-4.
by Zunz, =5=, 694.
=Lithuania=, a refuge for exiled Jews, =4=, 418-19.
rabbinical schools established in, =4=, 420.
united with Poland, =4=, 631.
the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 646-7.
Karaites in, =5=, 182-3.
the Chassidim in, =5=, 388.
=Lithuania, the Jews of=, the blood accusation launched against, =4=,
642.
represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, =4=, 644.
suffer from the Cossacks, =5=, 14.
“=Little Book= about the Jews, The,” disproves the blood accusation,
=4=, 545-6.
=Liturgical poetry=, introduced, =3=, 113-14, 117-18.
cultivated by the Jewish Andalusian school, =3=, 224.
by minor poets, =3=, 236, 259-60, 367, 376, 419.
by Simon ben Abun, =3=, 245.
by Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 320.
_See under_ Neo-Hebraic poetry; Piyutim; Poetanim; Poetry; Poets.
=Liturgy=, the, arranged by the Sopherim, =1=, 398-400.
Gamaliel II introduces the Berachoth into, =2=, 363.
amplification of, by poetanic compositions, =3=, 113-14, 117-18.
of the Karaites, =3=, 132; =4=, 71, 73-4.
of the European Jews, compiled by Mar Amram ben Sheshna, =3=, 178.
arranged by Saadiah, =3=, 196.
Sephardic, adopted in northern Africa, =4=, 198.
German, compiled by Maharil, =4=, 225.
affected by the Kabbala, =4=, 481.
of the Chassidim, =5=, 386-7.
=Liturgy, the changes in=, made by Maimonides, =3=, 466.
made by Abi Zimra, =4=, 395.
in Amsterdam, =5=, 457.
made by Jacobson, =5=, 562.
made by Kley, =5=, 564.
approved by some authorities, =5=, 569.
in Vienna, =5=, 580, 581-2.
made by the Hamburg Temple Reform Union, =5=, 673.
in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, =5=, 679.
=Livia=, empress, heiress of Salome, sister of Herod, =2=, 128.
=Livia.= _See_ Beth-Ramatha.
=Livorno.= _See_ Leghorn.
=Loans.= _See_ Jacob ben Yechiel; Joseph ben Gershom.
=Lobato, Diego Gomez=, and Paul de Pina, =4=, 669-70.
=Löbele Prossnitz=, Sabbatian, supporter of Chayon, =5=, 219.
denounced, =5=, 229.
in intercourse with Eibeschütz, =5=, 248, 249.
=Lodi, the Jews of=, number of, in the sixteenth century, =4=, 653.
expelled, =4=, 660.
=Lodomeria=, the Jews of, proscribed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
=Logos=, the, in Philo’s philosophy, =2=, 213.
in the Church, =2=, 500, 501.
=Logrono=, the Jews of, persecuted, =4=, 170.
=Lombards=, the, usury practiced by, =3=, 510.
=Lombardy=, German Jewish immigrants held up in, =3=, 638.
=London=, Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 373-4.
Jews secretly domiciled in, =5=, 38.
excitement in, about the admission of Jews, =5=, 44.
Jewish burial ground in, =5=, 49.
first synagogue in, =5=, 50.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 141.
the Mansion House meeting in, =5=, 655-7.
celebration of Montefiore’s return to, =5=, 670.
rabbinical college at, =5=, 700.
=London, the Jews of=, prosperous under Henry II, =3=, 409.
attacked by a mob at Richard I’s coronation, =3=, 410-11.
protected by John, =3=, 505.
attacked, =3=, 591-2, 643.
protected by Henry III, =3=, 592.
hold a meeting on the Damascus affair, =5=, 653-4.
=London, the Portuguese Jews of=, wealthy, =5=, 205.
hold aloof from the Eibeschütz controversy, =5=, 264.
=Longinus=, rhetorician, at the court of Zenobia, =2=, 529.
=Longobard code=, the, no mention of Jews in, =3=, 33.
=Lope de Vega=, dramatist, =5=, 112.
=Lopes de Almeida=, Portuguese ambassador to Rome, =4=, 340.
=Lopes-Dubec=, member of Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
deputy of the French Jews, =5=, 438.
=Lopez=, Portuguese Marrano, protected by Sixtus V, =4=, 655.
=Lopez, Balthasar=, Marrano, burnt at the stake, =5=, 91-2.
=Lopez, Juan, del Barco=, inquisitor appointed by Sixtus IV, =4=, 312.
=Lopez, Pedro, de Ayala=, poet, on the Jews of Castile, =4=,
121, 122.
=Lorch=, the Jews of, the murderers of, punished, =3=, 635.
=Lord Mayor=, office of, held by Jews, =5=, 698.
=Lord’s Supper=, the. _See_ Transubstantiation.
=Lorqui.= _See_ Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives.
=Lorraine=, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Lorraine, the Jews of=, petition for alleviation, =5=, 431.
representatives of, in Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 431.
number of, =5=, 435.
complain to the National Assembly, =5=, 436.
send a delegate to the National Assembly, =5=, 438.
emancipation of, opposed by the Duc de Broglie, =5=, 447.
“=Los Rumbos peligrosos=,” novels by Joseph Penso, =5=, 113.
=Lost Islands=, the. _See_ San Thomas.
=Louis the Pious= (814-840), emperor, the Jews under, =3=, 161-70.
wife of, =3=, 162.
refuses to countenance Agobard’s anti-Jewish proceedings,
=3=, 165-6.
sons of, excited against his wife, =3=, 166, 168.
heresy of, in protecting the Jews, =3=, 167.
letter addressed to, by the bishops assembled at Lyons, =3=, 167-8.
and the conversion of Bishop Bodo, =3=, 168-70.
originates the theory that the Jews are the emperor’s wards, =3=,
170.
=Louis II= (855), emperor, decrees the banishment of the Italian
Jews, =3=, 174.
=Louis the German=, king of Germany, Bible commentary dedicated
to, =3=, 163.
=Louis IV=, the Bavarian, emperor, imposes a tax on the Jews,
=4=, 96-7.
tries to protect the Jews during the Armleder persecutions, =4=,
98.
sons of, deliver the Jews to the mob, =4=, 110.
=Louis VI=, of France, the Jews prosperous under, =3=, 343.
=Louis VII=, of France, the Jews prosperous under, =3=, 343.
joins the second crusade, =3=, 349.
roused against the Jews by Peter the Venerable, =3=, 349-50.
permits the repudiation of debts owing to Jews, =3=, 351.
friendly to Jews, =3=, 400-1.
resists the anti-Jewish decrees of the third Lateran Council, =3=,
508.
=Louis IX=, of France, has the Talmud burnt, =4=, 460, 578-9.
hostile to the Jews, =3=, 519.
encourages the conversion of Jews, =3=, 570.
fixes the rate of interest, =3=, 571.
orders a disputation on the Talmud, =3=, 576.
brother of, =3=, 583.
confiscates the property of Jews to organize a crusade, =3=, 585.
taken prisoner, =3=, 585.
banishes the Jews from his hereditary dominions, =3=, 585-6.
insists upon the Jew badge, =3=, 612.
=Louis X=, of France, recalls the Jews, =4=, 53-4.
=Louis XII=, of France, influenced against Reuchlin, =4=, 459, 464.
confessor of, patron of Hebrew literature, =4=, 473.
=Louis XIV=, of France, celebrated by Enriquez de Paz, =5=, 110.
renews the privileges of the Jews of Metz, =5=, 174.
orders criminal charges against the Jews to be tried by the royal
council, =5=, 176.
presents the Jews of Metz to the house of Brancas, =5=, 348, 446.
=Louis XV=, of France, confirms the right of the Portuguese to expel
German Jews from Bordeaux, =5=, 342, 343.
=Louis XVI=, of France, implored to expel the Jews from Alsace, =5=,
350.
orders lawsuits against usurers to be decided by the state
councilor, =5=, 350-1.
abolishes the poll-tax on Jews, =5=, 415, 432.
government of, helped by Cerf Berr, =5=, 430.
grants privileges to Cerf Berr, =5=, 431.
disposed to ameliorate the condition of the Jews, =5=, 431.
approves of the emancipation of the Portuguese Jews, =5=, 442.
grants special protection to Alsatian Jews, =5=, 446.
removes taxes from the Jews of Alsace, =5=, 446.
ratifies the Constitution, =5=, 447.
confirms the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 448.
=Louis XVIII=, of France, reactionary court of, =5=, 512.
government of, does not renew the anti-Jewish restrictions,
=5=, 524-5.
the emancipation of the Jews under, =5=, 596.
=Louis I=, of Hungary and Poland, banishes the Jews, =4=, 111.
=Louis=, duke of Anjou, regent of France, confirms the privileges of
the French Jews, =4=, 50.
protects the Jews of Paris, =4=, 151, 152.
=Louis the Rich=, duke of Bavaria, plunders and expels the Jews,
=4=, 253-4.
under the influence of John of Capistrano, =4=, 258.
=Louis=, duke of Bavaria-Landshut, claims the Jews of Ratisbon, =4=,
300.
attempts to convert the Jews, =4=, 301.
=Louis of Brandenburg=, orders the Jews of Königsberg to be burnt,
=4=, 110-11.
=Louis=, count of Darmstadt, protects the Jewish exiles from
Worms, =4=, 699.
=Louis Philippe=, of France, the emancipation of the Jews under,
=5=, 596-7.
ratifies the law making rabbis state officers, =5=, 597.
supports Mehmet Ali, =5=, 633, 634.
appealed to on the Damascus affair, =5=, 645.
struggle of, with Thiers, =5=, 648.
deceives the hopes of the French Jews, =5=, 651, 658.
ambiguous attitude of, =5=, 668.
receives Montefiore, =5=, 668.
=Louise=, of Prussia, death of, mourned by the Berlin Jews, =5=, 508.
=Louvain=, the university of, sanctions the burning of the
“Augenspiegel,” =4=, 452.
=Löwe, Joel=, editor of the Meassef, =5=, 400.
mediocrity of, =5=, 417.
=Löwisohn, Solomon= (1789-1822), Jewish historian, =5=, 594.
=Löwy, Albert=, founder of the “Anglo-Jewish Association,” =5=, 703.
=Loyola, Ignatius=, power of, over Paul III, =4=, 525.
efforts of, to re-establish the supremacy of the papacy, =4=, 562.
=Lübeck=, objects to Jewish inhabitants, =5=, 506.
Jews admitted into, =5=, 506.
=Lübeck, the Jews of=, threatened with banishment, =5=, 512.
banished, =5=, 520.
=Lubienski, Wratislaw=, archbishop of Lemberg, Frankist petition to,
=5=, 284-5.
=Lublin=, meeting place of the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 640.
meeting place of the Synod of the Four countries, =4=, 644,
645; =5=, 3.
the German population of, =5=, 3.
synod of, relaxes the Jewish marriage laws, =5=, 13.
=Lucca=, home of the Kalonymos family, =3=, 143.
Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 371-3.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Lucena= (city), the Talmud school of, famous, =3=, 236.
refuge of the Jews of Granada, =3=, 279.
a Jew of, threatens to betray his coreligionists, =3=, 317.
Jehuda Halevi studies at, =3=, 322, 323.
the school of, closed by the Almohades, =3=, 361, 384.
Jews disappear from, =4=, 354.
=Lucena, the Jews of=, correspond in Arabic with the Gaon of
Sora, =3=, 178.
famous through Alfassi, =3=, 311.
Islam forced on, =3=, 311-12.
pretend to accept Islam, =3=, 361.
=Lucena= (district), early settlement of Jews in, =3=, 43.
=Lucero, Diego Rodriguez=, hangman in Cordova, cruelty of, =4=, 484.
disciple of, =4=, 489.
=Lucilla=, daughter of Marcus Aurelius, cured by Simon ben
Yochaï, =2=, 449.
=Lucuas= (Andreias), leader of the Jews of Cyrene against
Trajan, =2=, 395.
=Lucullus=, Roman commander, attacks Tigranes, of Armenia, =2=, 56.
=Luna, Alvaro de=, favorite of Juan II of Castile, invites the aid of
Jews, =4=, 228.
protects the Jews, =4=, 251-2.
complains of the backsliding of the Marranos, =4=, 256.
confessor of, =4=, 277.
=Luna, Pedro de.= _See_ Benedict XIII.
=Lünel=, Serachya Halevi Gerundi at, =3=, 389.
letter to the wise men of, by Meïr Abulafia, =3=, 524.
synagogue of, sold, =4=, 48.
=Lünel, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 396-8.
learning of, =3=, 396.
scientific tendency of, =3=, 397.
letter to, from Maimonides, =3=, 489.
ask Maimonides to translate his “Guide of the Perplexed” into
Hebrew, =3=, 491-2.
exhorted by Maimonides to study the Talmud scientifically, =3=, 492.
excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 530.
oppose the study of science, =4=, 33.
accused of outraging the image of Jesus, =4=, 55.
=Luneville=, deputies from, to the National Assembly, and Isaac
Berr, =5=, 438.
the peace of, =5=, 464, 465.
=Lupus=, governor of Alexandria, executes fugitive Zealots, =2=, 318.
=Lupus=, Trajan’s general in Egypt, =2=, 395.
=Lurya.= _See_ Isaac Lurya Levi; Solomon.
=Lusitano.= _See_ Abraham Zacuto Lusitano.
=Lusitanus, Amatus.= _See_ Amatus Lusitanus.
=Luther, Martin=, character of, =4=, 467.
in the pantomime on the Protestant Reformation, =4=, 468.
at the diet of Worms, =4=, 469.
on the Wartburg, =4=, 469.
translates the Bible, =4=, 469.
on the Jews, =4=, 470-1, 547-52.
learns Hebrew, =4=, 473, 475.
encourages the study of the Bible, =4=, 474.
pamphlet by, =4=, 548.
proves the Messiahship of Jesus, =4=, 548.
reviews the suffering of the Jews, =4=, 549.
attacks the Talmud, =4=, 549-50.
treatment of Jews proposed by, =4=, 550-1.
advises the expulsion of the Jews, =4=, 551-2.
=Lutherans=, the, in Spain, persecuted by the Inquisition, =4=, 485.
the meetings of, in Poland, the model of the Synod of the Four
Countries, =4=, 645.
=Luzk=, the Karaites of, =4=, 265; =5=, 182.