excommunicated by the heads of the academies, =3=, 134.
renounce connection with the Rabbanites, =3=, 134.
acknowledge Anan ben David as the legitimate Exilarch, =3=, 135.
hold a memorial service for Anan ben David, =3=, 135.
study the Bible, =3=, 136, 189.
of Mutazilist tendency, =3=, 149, 150-1.
adopt the ban, =3=, 151.
tradition among, =3=, 159.
marriage laws of, =3=, 159.
opposed by Natronaï II, =3=, 178.
opposed by Simon of Cairo, =3=, 179.
scientific pursuits of, =3=, 180.
shun the Rabbanites, =3=, 182.
spread of, in the East, =3=, 182.
attacked by Saadiah, =3=, 189.
calendar of, attacked by Saadiah, =3=, 190-1.
defended by Solomon ben Yerucham, =3=, 191.
later works of Saadiah against, =3=, 192.
fond of philosophical disputations, =3=, 197.
lexicographical work of, superseded by Menachem ben Saruk’
s, =3=, 225.
expect the Messiah in the eleventh century, =3=, 247.
views of, occasionally endorsed by Samuel ben Meïr, =3=, 346.
persecuted in Spain in the eleventh century, =3=, 362.
humbled by Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 362-3.
rise of, after the fall of Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 366.
and Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 366.
regarded as idolaters by Samson ben Abraham, =3=, 408.
in Constantinople in the twelfth century, =3=, 425.
in Damascus, =3=, 427.
in Askalon, =3=, 427.
degeneracy of, in Asia in the twelfth century, =3=, 443.
of Cairo, governed by a Nassi, =3=, 444.
of Alexandria, =3=, 444.
treatment of, by Maimonides, =3=, 465.
disciples of Nachmani, =3=, 607.
the way for, paved by the religious philosophers, =3=, 625.
inclined to a reconciliation with Rabbanites, =4=, 71-2.
institute pilgrim prayers, =4=, 73-4.
in Poland under Casimir IV, =4=, 265.
emigrate to Turkey, =4=, 269.
ignorance of, =4=, 269.
taught by Rabbanite teachers, =4=, 269.
celebration of the Sabbath by, =4=, 269-70.
efforts to reconcile, to Talmudic Judaism, =4=, 270.
protected by Elias Mizrachi in Constantinople, =4=, 403-4.
and Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 76-7.
Polish and Lithuanian, degradation of, =5=, 182-3.
scattered by order of John Sobieski, =5=, 182.
invited to go to Sweden, =5=, 183.
accused of conspiring with Krochmal against the Talmud, =5=, 608.
treated of in the Scientific Journal, =5=, 626.
in Cairo reconciled with the Rabbanites by Munk, =5=, 664.
history of, cleared up by Munk, =5=, 666.
rise of, =5=, 727.
=Karben, Victor von= (1442-1515), apostate, employed to write
anti-Jewish pamphlets, =4=, 424-5.
suggested as Pfefferkorn’s coadjutor, =4=, 432.
directs the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
decides that the Talmud ought to be burnt, =4=, 444.
=Karl Ludwig=, count-palatine, offers Spinoza a professorship, =5=,
108.
=Karlinians=, a branch of the Chassidim, =5=, 388, 391.
=Karmisin=, the Exilarch Mar-Ukba banished to, =3=, 184.
=Karo.= _See_ Joseph Karo.
=Kartiel=, name of a Sefira, =4=, 17.
=Kaspi.= _See_ Joseph Kaspi.
=Kasser ben Aaron=, reconciles Aaron Ibn-Sarjadu with Saadiah,
=3=, 200-1.
=Kasr=, home of David ben Zaccaï, =3=, 186.
=Katzenellenbogen, Ezekiel=, rabbi of the “three communities,”
excommunicates Kamenker, =5=, 238.
forbids the study of Kabbala to young men, =5=, 241.
=Kazimierz, the Jews of=, number of, =4=, 632.
=Kedeshim=, the holy men of the Canaanites, =1=, 54.
=Kedeshoth=, Canaanite priestesses, =1=, 54.
in Samaria, =1=, 198.
maintained in Jerusalem under Manasseh, =1=, 283.
=Kedoshim= (saints), martyrs of the first crusade, =3=, 302.
graves of, visited, =3=, 309.
=Keeper of the lists= (rolls), under David, =1=, 122.
manager of war, =1=, 305, 313.
beheaded by Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 314.
=Kefar Nahum.= _See_ Capernaum.
=Kelifa= (Kelifoth), Kabbalistic term for sin in the Zohar, =4=, 17,
620; =5=, 120.
=Kenas.= _See_ Census.
=Kendites=, the, an Arab tribe, adopt Judaism, =3=, 63.
chief of, protected by Samuel Ibn-Adiya, =3=, 68-9.
=Keneseth ha-Gedolah.= _See_ Great Assembly, the.
=Kenites=, the, Moses with, =1=, 13-14.
aid the Israelites in the desert, =1=, 26.
aid Judah, =1=, 38.
allies of the Israelites, =1=, 61.
=Kephar Lekitaja=, military station established by Hadrian, =2=, 419.
=Kephas.= _See_ Peter.
=Kepler=, and David Gans, =4=, 638.
=Kerbella=, the battle of, the Ommiyyades defeated at, =3=, 125.
=Kerek.= _See_ Kir-Moab.
=Kerem Chemed=, Hebrew journal devoted to Jewish science, =5=,
621, 693.
contributors to, =5=, 621-2.
=Kermanshah.= _See_ Karmisin.
=Kertch=, Jews of the Byzantine empire settle in, =3=, 123.
Karaites in, in the ninth century, =3=, 182.
capital of the Crimea, =3=, 222.
=Kether Malchuth=, philosophical poem by Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 270.
=Kewanoth=, Kabbalistic term, devotion, =5=, 121.
=Khataib=, Sephardic synagogue at Damascus, =4=, 400.
=Khemarim=, idolatrous priests, under Manasseh, =1=, 283.
=Khiva=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 435.
=Khorasan=, under the jurisdiction of the Pumbeditha academy,
=3=, 98, 184.
the Exilarch banished to, =3=, 196.
ambassadors from, bring news to Spain of the Jewish Chazar
kingdom, =3=, 220.
under the jurisdiction of the Exilarch, =3=, 428.
=Khorasan, the Jews of=, believe themselves descendants of the Ten
Tribes, =3=, 433.
occupations of, =3=, 433.
allied with the Ghuzz, =3=, 434.
aid Jenghis-Khan, =3=, 581.
=Khozars=, the. _See_ Chazars, the.
=Kiddush=, the, blessing over wine at the beginning of the Sabbath,
instituted, =1=, 398.
=Kiera, Esther=, court Jewess in Turkey, patroness of Jewish
literature, =4=, 608, 629.
influence of, under Murad III, =4=, 629.
death of, =4=, 629-30.
=Kiev=, tributary to the Chazars, =3=, 138.
the Jews banished from the district of, =5=, 12.
=Kilavun=, sultan of Egypt, and David Maimuni, =3=, 620.
the Jewish subjects of, under the Damascus Exilarch, =3=, 627.
=Kimchi family=, the, at Narbonne, =3=, 392; =4=, 442.
_See_ David; Joseph ben Isaac; Moses Kimchi.
=Kinanah Ibn-ol-Rabia=, incites Arabian tribes to war against
Mahomet, =3=, 79.
leader of the Jews of Chaibar, =3=, 82.
death of, =3=, 82-3.
=King=, Kabbalistic term, =4=, 18.
=Kingdom of God=, the, predicted by a Judæan poet in Egypt, =2=, 143.
=Kingdom of Heaven=, the, hastening of, the object of Essene
asceticism, =2=, 145.
brought by the second advent of Jesus, =2=, 167.
according to Paul, =2=, 226.
=Kings, the Books of=, commentary on, by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 359.
=Kinnereth.= _See_ Tiberias, lake.
=Kir-Haraseth.= _See_ Kir-Moab.
=Kir-Moab= (Kerek, Kir-Haraseth), Moabite fortress, =1=, 209.
=Kiryath-Jearim=, the Ark of the Covenant at, =1=, 72.
the Ark removed from, =1=, 119.
=Kiryath-Sepher= (Debir), taken by the tribe of Judah, =1=, 38.
=Kish=, father of Saul, =1=, 83.
“=Kitab Al-Assval=,” lexicon by Ibn-Janach, =3=, 263.
=Klausner.= _See_ Abraham Klausner.
=Kley= transplants the Reform movement to Hamburg, =5=, 563-4.
inefficiency of, =5=, 564.
Heine on, =5=, 577.
=Klonowicz=, Polish poet, assails the Jews, =4=, 643.
=Kobad=, king of the neo-Persians, tool of Mazdak, =3=, 1.
disciple of Mazdak, =3=, 2.
dethroned by the nobles, =3=, 2.
persecutes Jews and Christians, =3=, 3-4.
death of, =3=, 5.
=Koberger, Antonius=, opponent of the Jews in Nuremberg, =4=, 415.
=Kodesh ha-Kodashim=, by Ibn-Labi Ferrer, =4=, 234.
=Kofrim=, unbelievers, antagonists of the Sabbatians, =5=, 144.
Sabbataï Zevi proposes capital punishment for, =5=, 150.
=Kohen.= _See_ Abulsari Sahal; Nathan ben Isaac; Solomon Kohen.
=Kohen-Zedek II ben Joseph= (917-936), Gaon of Pumbeditha, character
of, =3=, 183.
causes dissension between Sora and Pumbeditha, =3=, 184.
forces the Exilarch Mar-Ukba to remove, =3=, 184.
has Mar-Ukba banished a second time, =3=, 185.
deposed by David ben Zaccaï, =3=, 186.
recognized as Gaon by the Exilarch, =3=, 186.
proposes the closing of the Sora academy, =3=, 192.
jealous of Saadiah, =3=, 194.
espouses the side of David ben Zaccaï against Saadiah, =3=, 195.
death of, =3=, 200.
son of, =3=, 208.
“=Kol Sachal=,” by Leo Modena, =5=, 73.
=Kölbele, John Balthasar=, writes a pamphlet against Mendelssohn,
=5=, 316-17.
=Kolon, Joseph.= _See_ Joseph ben Solomon Kolon.
=Kompse bar Kompse=, partisan of Rome in Tiberias, =2=, 274.
=Koniecpolski, house of=, controls Cossack colonization, =5=, 3.
employs Bogdan Chmielnicki, =5=, 7.
=Königsberg=, a Jewish cemetery at, =5=, 190.
the University of, admits Jews, =5=, 398-405.
the Hamburg reforms adopted in, =5=, 573.
=Königsberg, the Jews of=, burnt, =5=, 110-11.
in Mendelssohn’s time, =5=, 397-8.
join the “Society of Friends,” =5=, 418.
apostasy of, =5=, 420.
=Konstantinov=, the synod of, excommunicates Frankists, =5=, 277.
=Koom=, defeat of Judghanites at, =3=, 150.
=Korachites.= _See_ Korah, the sons of.
=Korah=, Samuel descended from, =1=, 73.
honored by the Cainites, =2=, 375.
=Korah, the sons of=, Samuel ancestor of, =1=, 79.
psalmists, =1=, 120.
compose psalms on Sennacherib’s failure, =1=, 278.
compose a love-song in honor of Hezekiah’s marriage, =1=, 279.
=Korahites.= _See_ Korah, the sons of.
=Koraishites=, the, defeated by the Mahometans at Bedr, =3=, 76.
induced to make war upon Mahomet, =3=, 79.
distrustful of their allies, =3=, 80.
=Koran=, the, and Jewish sources, =3=, 72.
spread by the Jewish disciples of Mahomet, =3=, 73.
revelations against the Jews in, =3=, 75, 78.
war with the Nadhirites justified in, =3=, 79.
on the slaughter of the Benu Kuraiza, =3=, 81.
accepted by the Moslem as the word of God, =3=, 84.
on the position of woman, =3=, 92.
rationalistic expounders of, =3=, 147.
violence done to the text of, =3=, 148.
consulted by Haï Gaon for the explanation of Biblical words, =3=,
251.
=Korban Mussaph=, special Sabbath and festival sacrifice, =1=, 401.
=Kosmann=, defender of the Jews, =5=, 470.
=Kotzebue=, assassination of, =5=, 528, 533.
=Kovad.= _See_ Kobad.
=Krämer, August=, favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 521-2.
=Krems=, the Jews of, perish during the Black Death persecutions, =4=,
110.
=Krochmal, Nachman Cohen= (1785-1840), founder of the Galician
school, =5=, 607.
Jewish and philosophical studies of, =5=, 608.
partially hostile to Talmudism, =5=, 608.
accused of conspiring with Karaites against the Talmud, =5=, 608-9.
method of instruction of, =5=, 609.
uses the Talmud in historical researches, =5=, 609-10.
admiration for, =5=, 610.
Rapoport disciple of, =5=, 610, 614, 617.
influence of, on young Galicians, =5=, 614.
style of, =5=, 617.
influence of Rapoport on, =5=, 617-18.
devotes himself to encyclopædic studies, =5=, 618.
the father of Jewish science, =5=, 619.
contributor to the Kerem Chemed, =5=, 622.
as exegete, =5=, 695, 699.
=Krysa, Jehuda Leb=, Frankist rabbi, =5=, 275.
makes a Catholic confession of faith, =5=, 285.
=Kryvonoss=, Haïdamak leader, =5=, 9.
=Kufa=, given to Jewish exiles by Omar, =3=, 85.
residence of Ali, =3=, 90.
capital of eastern Islam, =3=, 93.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 437.
Ezekiel’s grave near, =3=, 440-1.
=Kunigunde=, sister of Maximilian I, marries her father’s
enemy, =4=, 428.
becomes abbess of a Franciscan convent, =4=, 428.
gives Pfefferkorn a letter to Maximilian, =4=, 428-9.
influences Maximilian to issue mandates against the Jews, =4=,
437, 440-1.
=Kuraiza Place=, the market place of Medina, =3=, 81.
=Kuranda, Ignatz=, founder of the “Israelitische Allianz,” =5=, 703.
=Kuru-Gismu=, Hebrew printing press at, =4=, 628.
=Kusari.= _See_ Chozari.
=Kussiel.= _See_ Yekutiel.
=Kypros.= _See_ Cypros.
=L=
=La Asumção, Diogo de=, Franciscan, professes Judaism, =4=, 668.
martyr, =4=, 669.
influences Rohel Jesurun, =4=, 669, 670.
=Labienus=, persuades the Parthians to invade Syria, =2=, 82.
=Lachish=, king of, defeated by Joshua, =1=, 34-5.
Amaziah killed in, =1=, 226.
headquarters of Sennacherib, =1=, 273.
offers opposition to Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 311.
=Ladislaus II=, of Bohemia and Hungary, appealed to by the Jews of
Ratisbon, =4=, 303.
and the Jews of Bohemia, =4=, 417.
=Ladislaus IV=, of Hungary, confirms the anti-Jewish decrees of the
Council of Buda, =3=, 615.
=Ladislaus V= (Posthumus), of Hungary, and Capistrano, =4=, 262.
sanctions the expulsion of Jews from Silesia, =4=, 262-3.
=Lænas, Popillius=, Roman deputy to Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 453.
=La Fare=, bishop of Nancy, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=,
441, 462.
=La Fuente=, Juan de, inquisitor, cruelty of, =4=, 484.
=Lagarto, Jacob=, first Talmudical author in South America, =4=, 693.
=Lagrange=, lauds a mathematical work by Ensheim, =5=, 401.
=La Guardia=, the Jews of, charged with the blood accusation, =4=,
343.
=Laguna, Lopez= (Daniel Israel, 1660-1720), Marrano poet in
Jamaica, =5=, 203.
=Lahmi=, brother of Goliath, Philistine champion, =1=, 117.
=Lamartine=, and the Turkish Jews, =5=, 649.
=Lamentations=, the, of Jeremiah, =1=, 316, 319.
=Lämmlein, Asher.= _See_ Asher Lämmlein.
=Lampo=, an Alexandrian hostile to the Judæans, =2=, 181.
=Landau, Ezekiel= (1720-1793), rabbi of Jampol, declares the
Eibeschütz amulets Sabbatian, =5=, 265-6.
distrusts Eibeschütz, =5=, 289.
opposes Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, =5=, 330.
objects to the study of the sciences, =5=, 402.
opponent of the Berlin movement, =5=, 417.
death of, =5=, 566.
=Landfried=, ambassador from Charlemagne to Haroun Alrashid, =3=, 143.
=Landsberg=, Jews settle in, =5=, 174.
=Landtag=, the Prussian, Jews in, =5=, 697.
=Langton, Stephen=, archbishop of Canterbury, hostile to the
Jews, =3=, 504.
convenes a Church Council at Oxford, =3=, 516.
“=Language of Truth=, The,” pamphlet in the Eibeschütz controversy,
=5=, 266.
=Languedoc, the Jews of=, in the tenth century, =3=, 242.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 389-91.
and the ban against science, =4=, 40.
protected by the governor, =4=, 132.
=Laniado, Joseph=, accused of ritual murder, =5=, 636.
tortured, =5=, 636-7.
dies under the torture, =5=, 638.
=Lansac, de=, French ambassador, =4=, 577.
=Laodicea= (Leda), treasure house in, for the half-Shekel
contributions to the Temple, =2=, 53.
Herod at, =2=, 93.
Verus Commodus at, =2=, 447.
place of exile of José ben Chalafta, =2=, 448.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 426.
=La Papa, Aaron de.= _See_ Papa, Aaron de la.
=La Peyrère, Isaac=, on Israel’s restoration, =5=, 24-5.
in intercourse with Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 25.
=Laplace=, lauds a mathematical work by Ensheim, =5=, 401.
=Lara, de=, noble Castilian family, =3=, 363.
=Lara, David Coen de= (1610-1674), preacher and philologist, =5=, 115.
unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, =5=, 117.
=Larta.= _See_ Arta.
=Laskorun=, Frankists surprised at, =5=, 275.
=Lateran Council, the third=, forbids Jews to keep Christian nurses
or domestics, =3=, 400, 418, 421-2.
forbids forcible baptism, =3=, 421.
the decrees of, disregarded by Philip Augustus, =3=, 498-9.
=Lateran Council, the fourth=, convoked by Innocent III, =3=, 508-9.
purposes of, =3=, 509.
Jewish delegates to, =3=, 509.
results of, =3=, 509.
=Lateran Council, the fourth, anti-Jewish decrees of=, =3=, 509-11.
confirmed by the Council of Narbonne, =3=, 518.
re-enacted by the Councils of Rouen and Tours, =3=, 520.
enforced in Hungary, =3=, 521.
executed by Frederick II, =3=, 569.
=Lateran Council, the fifth=, the Reuchlin case submitted
to, =4=, 464.
declares for Reuchlin, =4=, 465.
=Lathier=, opponent of the Jews of Alsace, =5=, 524-5.
=Latin translations= of the Scriptures, ordered to be read in Jewish
congregations, =3=, 14-15. _See also_ Vulgate, the.
=Latin words=, in the Mishna, =2=, 461.
=Laurilla=, Dutch consul, protects the Jews of Beyrout, =5=, 641.
=Laurin=, Austrian consul-general in Turkey, interferes in the
Damascus affair, =5=, 647.
thanked by the London meeting, =5=, 653.
thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 660.
=Lavater, John Caspar=, attracted by Mendelssohn’s physiognomy,
=5=, 308-9.
determines to convert Mendelssohn, =5=, 309-10.
letter addressed to, by Mendelssohn, =5=, 311-13.
unpopularity of, =5=, 313.
apologizes to Mendelssohn, =5=, 314.
anecdotes concerning, =5=, 315.
=La Vega, de.= _See_ Penso, Joseph.
=Law= (Torah, Pentateuch), the, carried to Babylon by the
priests, =1=, 334.
observed by the Babylonians, =1=, 364.
studied by Ezra, =1=, 365.
read to the people by Ezra, =1=, 378-80.
the Judæans swear to observe, =1=, 380-1.
displaces prophecy, =1=, 385.
strict observance of, =1=, 387.
held sacred by the Samaritans, =1=, 392.
the fundamental law of the commonwealth, =1=, 393-4.
study of, =1=, 396.
the “fence” about, =1=, 397-8.
unspiritual tendency of the laws of clean and unclean in,
=1=, 401-2.
studied and observed by the Chassidim, =1=, 436.
the observance of, urged by Jesus Sirach, =1=, 440-1.
aspersed by Menelaus, =1=, 449-50.
translated into Greek, =1=, 510-14. _See_ Septuagint, the.
study and observance of, under Salome Alexandra, =2=, 51.
knowledge of, spread by the schools of Hillel and Shammai, =2=, 149.
transgressors of, addressed by Jesus, =2=, 152.
desertion from, among the Alexandrians, =2=, 209.
observance of, urged by Philo, =2=, 210-14.
attempts to harmonize, with philosophy, =2=, 212-13.
attacked by Greek Judæans, =2=, 221-2.
upheld by the apostle Paul, =2=, 221.
to be abrogated for the conversion of the heathen, =2=, 225.
abrogated, according to Paul, by the appearance of Jesus, =2=,
226, 229-30.
declared binding by certain apostles, =2=, 231.
adhered to, by Judæan Christians, =2=, 232.
enforced by the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 363-4.
declared unnecessary by Paul, =2=, 365.
observed by the Jewish Christians, =2=, 365-6.
disregarded by the Pagan Christians, =2=, 367.
the observance of, forbidden by Hadrian, =2=, 422.
said to have been altered by the Samaritans, =2=, 457.
the instruction of women in, =2=, 474.
classification of the commands in, =2=, 499.
observance of, in Samaria, =2=, 534.
Chaldaic and Syriac translations of, =2=, 581-2.
said to contain references to Mahomet, =3=, 76.
knowledge of, esteemed, =3=, 113.
held to be binding by Anan ben David, =3=, 134.
Tossafoth in explanation of, =3=, 345.
analyzed in the “Guide of the Perplexed,” =3=, 484-5.
abrogated according to Raymund Martin, =3=, 622.
Persian translation of, =4=, 401.
significance of, =5=, 716-17, 721.
Halachic development of, =5=, 723-4.
_See also_ Mishna, the; Scriptures, the; Talmud, the.
=Law, the, the Book of= (Deuteronomy), found in the Temple,
=1=, 292-3.
read to the people in Jerusalem, =1=, 294.
read by Ezra in Jerusalem, =1=, 378-80.
=Law, the, commentary on=, by Philo, =2=, 212.
by Solomon ben Yerucham, =3=, 206.
by Chananel ben Chushiel and Nissim bar Jacob, =3=, 249.
by Samuel ben Chofni, =3=, 253.
by Samuel ben Meïr, =3=, 346.
by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371-2.
by Moses of Coucy, =3=, 586.
by Nachmani, =3=, 607-8.
_See also_ Scriptures, the, commentary on.
=Law, the, the disciples of=, meaning of, =2=, 357.
=Law, the, the reading of=, instituted, =1=, 396.
at divine service in the Sopheric age, =1=, 399.
the Exilarch the first called to, =3=, 95.
=Law, the, the scroll of=, burnt by Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 455.
burnt by the overseers of Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 457.
carried with the Judæan army under Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 467.
profaned by a Roman soldier, =2=, 243.
burnt by Ursicinus, =2=, 569.
burnt in Nancy, =5=, 451.
=Law, the, the teachers of=, called Rabbis, =2=, 335.
disunited, =2=, 335.
forbid the study of Greek under Hadrian, =2=, 400.
meet at Lydda, =2=, 423-4.
artisans, =2=, 441, 442, 575.
demands upon, in the time of Judah I, =2=, 453-4.
displeased with Judah II, =2=, 485-6.
severity of, to each other, =2=, 547.
banished from Judæa under Constantine, =2=, 566-7.
superstition of, =2=, 578.
luxurious habits of, =2=, 588-9.
a privileged class, =2=, 589.
scorned, =2=, 589-90.
as compilers, =2=, 605.
persecuted by Kobad, =3=, 4.
persecuted by Hormisdas, =3=, 8.
averse from the use of Latin and Greek in the synagogue, =3=, 14.
attack the Byzantine empire, =3=, 16.
among the Arabian Jews, =3=, 59, 62.
_See also_ Amoraim; Geonim; Sabureans; Sopherim; Tanaites.
=Law, the, translations of.= _See under_ Pentateuch, the;
Translation.
=Law, the oral= (Tradition), early origin of, =1=, 396-7.
study of, under Salome Alexandra, =2=, 51.
Pharisee study of, begins, =2=, 72.
justified by Hillel, =2=, 98-9.
knowledge of, spread by the schools of Hillel and Shammai, =2=, 149.
the study of, encouraged by Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 326.
systematized by Hillel, =2=, 327-8.
committed to memory, =2=, 328.
methods of establishing, =2=, 328.
taught outside of Jamnia, =2=, 335.
disinterested study of, =2=, 338-9.
the earliest code of, =2=, 343.
as deduced by Akiba, =2=, 352-3.
Akiba’s code of, =2=, 353-4.
as deduced by Ishmael ben Elisha, =2=, 355-6.
the study of, outside of Judæa, =2=, 358-9.
unity of, established, =2=, 405.
the study of, forbidden by Hadrian, =2=, 426.
importance of the study of, =2=, 427, 473-4, 544.
knowledge of, transplanted from Asia to Europe, =2=, 443.
codification of, completed, =2=, 460, 462.
new development of, in Babylonia, =2=, 511.
neglected in Babylonia, =2=, 513-14.
the study of, flourishes in Babylonia, =2=, 574-5.
the distinguishing feature of Judaism, =2=, 608.
_See also_ Halacha, the; Mishna, the; Talmud, the; Tanaites.
=La-Yesharim Tehilla=, drama by Luzzatto, =5=, 242-4.
=Lazarus=, disciple of Jesus, =2=, 160.
=Leather-arms.= _See_ Armleder.
=Leb Herz=, Sabbatian, =5=, 152.
=Lebanon=, mountain range, description of, =1=, 42, 44.
wood from, used for Solomon’s Temple, =1=, 164.
=Leblin=, chamberlain of the Duke of Austria, =3=, 567.
=Lecha Dodi=, Sabbath song, =4=, 538.
“=Lectures= upon the Modern History of the Jews,” by Löwisohn, =5=,
594.
=Leda.= _See_ Laodicea.
=Lee, Johanna=, founder of the Shakers, =5=, 378.
=Lefrank=, satirist, Jewish champion, =5=, 471-2.
=Leghorn=, Elias Montalto at, =4=, 673.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 149.
Nathan Ghazati at, =5=, 161.
the Portuguese Jews of, wealthy, =5=, 205.
rabbis of, espouse the cause of Eibeschütz, =5=, 264.
rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Leghorn, the Jews of=, care for the Polish Jewish fugitives, =5=,
16.
excepted from Napoleon’s restrictive laws, =5=, 499.
show honor to the Jewish envoys to Egypt, =5=, 658.
=Lehren, Hirsch=, interested in the Damascus affair, =5=, 649.
appeal to, from Damascus, =5=, 651.
protests against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, =5=, 682.
=Leibzoll.= _See_ Poll-tax.
=Leipsic=, Jews permitted to live in, =5=, 509.
a Reform synagogue in, =5=, 573.
=Leipsic, the battle of=, celebrated by Jewish preachers, =5=, 528.
consecration of the Hamburg Temple on the anniversary of, =5=, 564.
=Lejbovicz.= _See_ Frank, Jacob.
=Lemberg=, meeting place of the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 640.
the German population of, =5=, 3.
the Jews of, suffer through the Cossacks, =5=, 11.
Sabbatianism in, =5=, 228.
disputation at, between Frankists and Talmudists, =5=, 285-7.
Frankists baptized at, =5=, 288.
beginnings of culture among the Jews of, =5=, 612.
=Lemberg= (district), Jacob Frank the leader of the Sabbatians in,
=5=, 273-4.
=Lemon, Herz de=, member of the Felix Libertate, =5=, 453.
zealous for the emancipation of the Dutch Jews, =5=, 455.
deputy to the National Assembly, =5=, 458.
=Lemos, Henrietta de.= _See_ Herz, Henrietta.
=Lenæus=, guardian of Ptolemy V’s sons, =1=, 450.
=Leo X=, pope, friendly to the Jews, =4=, 407, 592.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 408.
appealed to by Reuchlin, =4=, 453, 454.
worldly character of, =4=, 453-4.
orders the examination of Hoogstraten and Reuchlin, =4=, 454.
appealed to by Hoogstraten, =4=, 455.
appoints Cardinal Grimani judge in Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 458.
yields to Hoogstraten, =4=, 464.
submits the Reuchlin affair to the fifth Lateran Council, =4=, 464.
suspends the Reuchlin suit, =4=, 465.
Reuchlin’s work on the Kabbala dedicated to, =4=, 466.
encourages the printing of the Talmud, =4=, 468, 565.
=Leo of Crema=, a wealthy Italian Jew, =4=, 287.