Samaritan sect, =1=, 393.
Magian influence on, =1=, 402-5.
incompatible with Greek games, =1=, 445.
calumniated by Menelaus, the Benjamite, =1=, 449-50.
calumniated by Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 452.
becomes known through the Greek version of the Pentateuch,
=1=, 512-13.
misrepresented by the Greek translation of the Law, =1=, 513-14.
development of, under the Hasmonæans, =2=, 16-17.
sects of, =2=, 16-31.
leaning of Romans towards, =2=, 136.
Roman proselytes to, under Tiberius, =2=, 136-7.
universality of, =2=, 141.
how introduced to the heathen, =2=, 142.
attitude of Jesus to, =2=, 155-6.
as viewed by the heathen, =2=, 203.
allegorized to suit Greek notions, =2=, 208-9.
apostasy from, among the Alexandrians, =2=, 209.
humanitarian laws of, as expounded by Philo, =2=, 211-12, 213-14.
embraced by the heathen, =2=, 215-19.
leanings towards, taken advantage of by the Nazarenes, =2=, 219.
taught by Paul as an introduction to Christianity, =2=, 228, 229.
relation of, to Christianity according to Paul, =2=, 229-30.
hampered by Rome, =2=, 234.
dangers to, after the destruction of Jerusalem, =2=, 322.
dissociated from the Temple by Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 324-5.
reviled by the Nazarenes, =2=, 371-2.
consolidation of, after the fall of the second Temple, =2=, 373.
as viewed by the Gnostics, =2=, 377.
influence of the Minæans on, deprecated, =2=, 378.
Gnostic or semi-Christian ideas in, =2=, 380-1.
saved from Gnostic influences by Akiba, =2=, 382.
influence of, upon the pagan world, =2=, 382-3.
conversions to, from paganism, =2=, 383-5.
Tacitus on the conversions to, =2=, 384.
mocked at by Hadrian, =2=, 407-8.
laws against, decreed by Hadrian, =2=, 421.
Hadrian attempts to graft paganism on, =2=, 422.
persecuted by Hadrian, =2=, 423-6.
independence of Christianity of, demonstrated to Hadrian, =2=, 431.
laws against, promulgated by Severus, =2=, 464.
legal character of, due to the Mishna, =2=, 471.
admired by Alexander Severus, =2=, 481.
Greek civilization equal to, according to Jochanan bar Napacha, =2=,
494.
in foreign lands, =2=, 520.
oppressed by Christianity, =2=, 535.
placed on an equality with Christianity, =2=, 561.
aspersed by Church dignitaries under Constantine, =2=, 562.
conversions to, forbidden by Constantine, =2=, 562, 564.
separated from Christianity at the Council of Nice, =2=, 563.
interest of Julian the Apostate in, =2=, 596.
protected by Theodosius the Great, =2=, 614-15.
preserved by the Talmud, =2=, 635.
among the Arabian Jews in the sixth century, =3=, 58-9.
inspires Mahomet, =3=, 71-2.
taught the Chazars by fugitive Greek Jews, =3=, 139.
account of the conversion of the Chazars to, =3=, 139-40.
influence of, on the Chazars, =3=, 141.
rationalistic tendency imparted to, =3=, 149-50.
orthodox adherents of, oppose the rationalists, =3=, 152-3.
mysticism in, =3=, 153-5.
Karaite interpretation of, variable, =3=, 157.
revered by the Empress Judith, =3=, 162.
revered by the Christians of the Frankish empire, =3=, 163.
promotes science during the Middle Ages, =3=, 187.
assumes a European character in the tenth century, =3=, 188.
Christian and Islam objections to, answered by Saadiah, =3=, 199.
leadership of, lost by Asia, =3=, 207.
the center of, in Spain, =3=, 229.
gloomy character of, in Germany, =3=, 309.
as expounded by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 330, 331-6.
as characterized by Abraham Ibn-Daud, =3=, 364-5.
in Asia in the twelfth century, =3=, 440-2.
as presented by Maimonides in his Mishne-Torah, =3=, 467.
and philosophy in Maimonides’ “Guide of the Perplexed,” =3=, 478-9.
loses by Maimonides’ philosophical system, =3=, 487.
condition of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 446-7.
the creed of, drawn up by Maimonides, =3=, 459-60.
divided by the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 546-7.
as interpreted by Nachmani, =3=, 533-5.
Albo on the possibility of changing, =4=, 242.
effect of the Protestant Reformation on, =4=, 471.
influence of the Shulchan Aruch on, =4=, 613.
influence of Lurya’s Kabbala on, =4=, 625-7.
attacked by Martin Czechowic, =4=, 648.
influence of the Cossack persecutions on, =5=, 16-17.
condition of, in the seventeenth century, =5=, 51-2.
reform of, proposed by Leo Modena, =5=, 73-4.
defended by Simone Luzzatto, =5=, 81-4.
antagonized by Spinoza, =5=, 97-8, 101-3.
discredited by the Kabbala, =5=, 166.
glorified by Spinoza, =5=, 167.
attracts Christians, =5=, 176.
influenced by Lessing, =5=, 298.
Mendelssohn’s early attitude towards, =5=, 310.
human additions to, according to Mendelssohn, =5=, 311, 317.
binding only upon Jews, =5=, 312.
Mendelssohn’s glorification of, =5=, 314-15.
as defined by Mendelssohn, =5=, 364.
consequences of the renaissance of, =5=, 374-5.
view of, taken by Schleiermacher, =5=, 426-7.
view of, held by Chateaubriand, =5=, 427.
view of, held by Furtado, =5=, 496.
characterized by Heine, =5=, 552.
excrescences of, =5=, 557-9.
barbarous aspect of, under Polish influence, =5=, 558.
disfigurement of, among the Portuguese, =5=, 559.
reform of, suggested, =5=, 559. _See_ Reform, the, of Judaism.
reconciliation of, with culture, =5=, 560.
as viewed by Bernays, =5=, 575-6.
journal for the science of, =5=, 585.
love for, fostered by the Society for Culture, =5=, 588.
the renaissance of, =5=, 589-90, 591-2, 607.
defined by Steinheim, =5=, 604-6.
the narrowing of, by the new school of scholars, =5=, 627.
view of, held by Holdheim, =5=, 680-1.
the first to recognize the rights of man, =5=, 709-10.
the moral system of, =5=, 710-11.
free from asceticism, =5=, 712.
=Judaism, the sects of=, list of:
Boëthuseans,
Chassidim,
Donmäh,
Essenes,
Frankists,
Isavites,
Judghanites,
Karaites (and their sects),
Menachemists,
Pharisees,
Sabbatians,
Sadducees,
Samaritans.
=Judaism, conversions to.= _See_ Conversions to Judaism.
“=Judaism=, or the Jewish Doctrine,” attack by John Miller, =4=, 692.
=Judaism, Rabbinical.= _See_ Rabbinical Judaism.
=Judaism, Talmudical.= _See_ Talmudical Judaism.
=Judaism, the Reform of.= _See_ Reform, the, of Judaism.
=Judaism, the Statute of=, passed by the House of Commons, =3=, 642.
“=Judaism Unmasked=,” by Eisenmenger, full title of, =5=, 188.
suppressed, =5=, 189-90.
cause of, supported by Frederick I of Prussia, =5=, 192-3.
under ban for forty years, =5=, 193.
=Judaizantes=, sect called forth by the Protestant Reformation, =4=,
541.
=Judas the Galilean=, champion against the Romans, =2=, 125.
seizes the arsenal of Sepphoris, =2=, 125.
escapes from Quintilius Varus, =2=, 126.
leader of the Zealots, =2=, 133.
resists the Roman census, =2=, 133-4.
conception of the Messiah held by the disciples of, =2=, 144.
morality of the followers of, =2=, 151.
sons of, =2=, 199.
grandsons of, =2=, 239.
=Judas ben Jair=, killed by the Romans, =2=, 315.
=Judas Aristobulus=, Judæan of priestly lineage, teacher of the
Egyptian king, =1=, 519.
petitioned to introduce the Chanukah celebration into Egypt, =2=,
6-7.
=Judas Iscariot=, follower of Jesus, betrays him, =2=, 163.
=Judas Maccabæus=, son of Mattathias, the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
chosen to succeed his father as commander, =1=, 461.
characterization of, =1=, 461.
defeats Apollonius, =1=, 461-2.
defeats Heron, =1=, 462.
joined by the half-Hellenized, =1=, 464.
exhorts his troops at Mizpah, =1=, 467.
divides his army among his brothers, =1=, 468.
dismisses all excused from military service by the Law, =1=, 468.
defeats Gorgias, =1=, 468-9, 476.
defeats Lysias, =1=, 469-70.
consecrates the Temple, =1=, 471-3.
fortifies the Temple mount, =1=, 473.
defeats the Idumæans and Ammonites, =1=, 474.
appealed to by Judæans in the provinces, =1=, 474-5.
rescues the trans-Jordanic provinces, =1=, 476.
besieges the Acra, =1=, 478.
defeated at Beth-Zachariah, =1=, 479.
besieged in Jerusalem, =1=, 479-80.
made high priest, =1=, 481.
hated by the Hellenists, =1=, 481.
accused before Demetrius I, =1=, 482.
retreats to the mountains, =1=, 482.
gathers a new army to oppose Alcimus and Bacchides, =1=, 483.
treats with Nicanor, =1=, 484.
defeats Nicanor, =1=, 484, 485.
negotiates with Rome, =1=, 485-6.
encamps at Eleasa, =1=, 486.
falls on the battlefield of Eleasa, =1=, 487.
achievements of, compared with his brother Jonathan’s, =1=, 501-2.
state of Judæa after the death of, =1=, 501, 519-20.
model of Cromwell, =5=, 26.
=Judas.= _See also under_ Jehuda; Judah.
=Judenbreter=, name assumed by German families, =3=, 611.
=Jüdenbühl=, in Nuremberg, scene of the burning of the Jews, =4=, 110.
=Judenmeister=, rabbis, appointed by order of Sigismund, =4=, 227.
=Judenstättigkeit=, permissive residence of Jews in Frankfort, =4=,
695; =5=, 503.
indulgently interpreted, =4=, 696.
abolished by Emperor Matthias, =4=, 700.
=Juderia=, the, of Seville, destroyed by a mob, =4=, 169. _See_ Jew’s
quarter, the.
=Judges=, Jews forbidden to act as, by the Council of Mâcon,
=3=, 39, 171.
=Judges, the warrior=, deliver the Israelites from servitude, =1=,
59.
activity of, characterized, =1=, 68-9.
un-Jewish character of, =5=, 715.
=Judges=, the, list of:
Abdon,
Abimelech,
Barak,
Deborah,
Ehud,
Elon,
Gideon,
Ibzan,
Jephthah,
Othniel,
Samson,
Samuel,
Shamgar.
=Judghanites=, a Jewish sect, =3=, 150.
=Judgment Chamber=, in the House of the Forest of Lebanon, =1=,
168-9.
=Judith, the Book of=, admitted into the Canon by Christians, =2=,
488.
=Judith=, wife of Louis the Pious, friendly to Judaism, =3=, 162.
calumniated by Bishop Agobard, =3=, 164.
rebellion incited against, =3=, 166.
conspiracy against, joined by Agobard, =3=, 168.
=Juglar, Gaspard=, inquisitor in Aragon, =4=, 326.
=Julian the Apostate=, emperor, delivers the Jews from the oppression
suffered under Constantine, =2=, 572.
character of, =2=, 595.
in possession of undivided power, =2=, 595.
plans of, =2=, 595.
opposes Christianity, =2=, 596.
interest of, in Judaism, =2=, 596.
admires the benevolence of the Jews, =2=, 596-7.
predilection of, for the sacrificial cult, =2=, 597.
favors the Jews of the Roman empire, =2=, 597.
letter of, to the Jewish communities, =2=, 598.
accuses the Christians of preventing the rebuilding of the
Temple, =2=, 601.
in the Persian war, =2=, 601-2.
death of, =2=, 602.
=Julian=, Metropolitan of Toledo, presides over an anti-Jewish
Council, =3=, 107.
=Julian ben Sabar=, Samaritan king, =3=, 13, 16.
=Julianus=, leader of the rebellion against Trajan in Judæa, =2=, 395.
threatened by Lucius Quietus, =2=, 401.
=Julias=, built by the tetrarch Philip, =2=, 138.
=Jülich=, a Jew of, accused of ritual murder, =5=, 642.
=Julius II=, pope, friendly to the Jews, =4=, 407.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 408.
=Julius III=, pope, petitioned for absolution for the Marranos, =4=,
528.
the Talmud denounced before, =4=, 564.
signs the decree against the Talmud, =4=, 565.
protects Hebrew writings except the Talmud, =4=, 565.
death of, =4=, 566.
confirms the privileges of the Marranos of Ancona, =4=, 568.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 569.
=Julius Archelaus=, husband of Mariamne, daughter of Agrippa
I, =2=, 235.
=Julius Capellus=, partisan of Rome in Tiberias, =2=, 274.
=Jullos=, name given to Hillel II by Origen, =2=, 487.
=July revolution=, the, effect of, on Europe, =5=, 596.
on the Jews, =5=, 596, 598, 600.
“=Jumpers=, the,” origin of, =5=, 378.
=Juno=, the Argive, statue of, raised by Herod in Cæsarea, =2=, 106.
=Jupiter, statue of=, placed in the Temple by Antiochus Epiphanes,
=1=, 455.
destroyed by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 472.
=Jupiter, temple of=, adorned with a golden vine destined for the
Temple at Jerusalem, =2=, 63.
on Gerizim, =2=, 422.
=Jupiter Capitolinus=, temple to, in Jerusalem, =2=, 422.
=Jupiter, Olympian=, statue of, raised by Herod in Cæsarea, =2=, 106.
=Jurieu, Pierre=, Huguenot, on the future of the Jews, =5=, 176.
=Jurisdiction, Jewish, autonomous=, withdrawn by Verus, =2=, 447-8.
restored by Alexander Severus, =2=, 482.
exercised by Raba in a criminal suit, =2=, 592.
under the Patriarchs, =2=, 613.
under Arcadius, =2=, 616.
forbidden in mixed suits, =2=, 617; =3=, 28.
in civil suits in Greece, southern Italy, etc., =3=, 27, 28, 423.
in Cologne, =3=, 41.
under the Exilarchs, =3=, 89.
in Speyer, =3=, 297.
under Henry IV, =3=, 298.
in Castile, etc., =4=, 116, 155, 157, 203.
exercised by Ar-Rabbi Mor, =4=, 159.
in Vienna, =4=, 702.
in Poland, =5=, 3.
_See also_ Courts of Justice; Witnesses.
=Jussuf Pasha=, governor of Rhodes, persecutes the Jews on the blood
accusation, =5=, 640-1.
dismissed from his post, =5=, 647.
=Justi=, court preacher, denounces Mendelssohn’s review of Frederick
II’s poetry, =5=, 302.
=Justin I=, emperor of the East, enforces the anti-Jewish laws of
Theodosius II, =3=, 10.
appealed to, to make war upon Zorah Nowas, =3=, 66.
=Justin II=, emperor of the East, oppresses the Samaritans,
=3=, 17-18.
expels the Jews from their quarter in Constantinople, =3=, 26.
=Justinian I= (483-565), emperor, closes the schools of philosophy in
Greece, =3=, 7.
interferes with the religious liberty of the Jews, =3=, 12-16.
enacts that Jews are competent witnesses only in their own cases,
=3=, 12-13.
orders translations of the Law to be used by Jewish congregations,
=3=, 14-15.
forbids the recital of the confession of faith, =3=, 15.
removes the Temple vessels from Constantinople to Jerusalem, =3=,
27.
rule of, feared by the Jews of Italy, =3=, 31.
made exarch of Ravenna, =3=, 32.
appealed to by Imrulkais Ibn Hojr, =3=, 69.
=Justiniani, Augustin=, bishop of Corsica, introduces the study of
Hebrew into France, =4=, 473, 474.
has Moses Kimchi’s grammar printed, =4=, 474.
has a Latin translation of the “Guide of the Perplexed”
made, =4=, 474.
=Justus of Tiberias=, historian, does not mention Jesus, =2=, 166.
leader of the Roman insurrection in Tiberias, =2=, 274.
historian of the Roman war, =2=, 319.
ambiguous conduct of, =2=, 319-20.
attacks Josephus, =2=, 390.
=K=
=Kaab=, teacher of the Law, converts Abu-Kariba to Judaism,
=3=, 62-3.
goes to Yemen to convert the people, =3=, 63.
=Kaab Ibn-Asharaf=, Jewish opponent of Mahomet, =3=, 74.
=Kaab Ibn-Assad=, chief of the Benu-Kuraiza, =3=, 80.
killed by Mahomet, =3=, 81.
=Kaaba=, the, the Square, the holy place of the Arabs, =3=, 60.
number of idols in, =3=, 72.
Moslem turn towards, in prayer, =3=, 75.
=Kaarat Kesef=, by Joseph Ezobi, =3=, 561.
=Kabbala=, the, Jacob ben Meshullam the first promoter of, =3=, 396.
as used by Nachmani, =3=, 535.
rise of, in the thirteenth century, =3=, 547.
earliest promoters of, =3=, 547.
reduced to a system, =3=, 548.
youth of, =3=, 548.
put into philosophical language, =3=, 549.
counterpoise to the Maimunist philosophy, =3=, 529.
compromise between faith and philosophy, =3=, 549, 623.
theosophy of, =3=, 550.
principles of, concerning God, =3=, 550-1.
theory of emanation in, =3=, 551-2.
theory of creation in, =3=, 552-3.
on the mission of Israel, =3=, 553.
mystical importance of prayer in, =3=, 553-4.
on metempsychosis, =3=, 554.
on retribution, =3=, 555.
on the soul of the Messiah, =3=, 555.
great age fraudulently claimed for, =3=, 556.
promoted by Nachmani, =3=, 556-7.
transplanted to Palestine by Nachmani, =3=, 607.
to be taught in secret, according to Solomon ben Adret, =3=, 619.
progress of, in Spain, =4=, 1-23.
furtherance of, through the Zohar, =4=, 22.
studied in Palestine, =4=, 74-5.
in Spain in the fourteenth century, =4=, 91.
influence of, increases in Spain, =4=, 196.
studied by Pico di Mirandola, =4=, 291-2, 433, 443.
Christian dogmas in, =4=, 292.
translated into Latin, =4=, 292, 443.
denounced by Elias del Medigo, =4=, 292.
introduced into Safet by Joseph Saragossi, =4=, 399.
in Salonica, =4=, 405.
defended by Reuchlin, =4=, 442-3, 466-7.
admired by Egidio de Viterbo, =4=, 457.
carried to Italy and Turkey by Spanish exiles, =4=, 481.
Christian scholars interested in, =4=, 481.
affects the liturgy, =4=, 481.
expectation of the Messiah the center of, =4=, 482, 483.
Safet center of, =4=, 538.
esteemed by the Church, =4=, 583.
influence of, in Palestine in the sixteenth century, =4=, 617.
spread of, =4=, 617.
induces a Jewish “dark age,” =4=, 617.
influence of, on Judaism, =4=, 625-7.
corrupting influence of, =4=, 626-7.
influence of, on seventeenth century Judaism, =5=, 51-2.
as taught by Vital Calabrese, =5=, 52-3.
spread by Israel Saruk, =5=, 54.
spread by Abraham de Herrera, =5=, 54.
identified with Neo-platonism, =5=, 54.
beginnings of the criticism of, =5=, 55.
attacked by Leo Modena, =5=, 67, 74.
ridiculed by Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 77.
defended by Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 78-9.
Simone Luzzatto on, =5=, 84.
studied by Spinoza, =5=, 88.
influence of, on Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 118-19.
taught by Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 119.
Messianic speculation in, =5=, 120-1.
at variance with Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 144, 277.
brings discredit on Judaism, =5=, 166.
opposed by Jehuda Leon Brieli, =5=, 200.
supposed to teach the Trinity, =5=, 216.
unhealthy influences of, =5=, 232-3.
Moses Chayim Luzzatto under the influence of, =5=, 236.
study of, forbidden to young men, =5=, 241, 277.
generally opposed by the rabbis, =5=, 245.
sways the minds of Polish Jews, =5=, 382.
views of, held by Elijah Wilna, =5=, 390-1.
supporters of, in Italy, =5=, 488.
disfigures Judaism, =5=, 539.
_See also_ Zohar, the.
=Kabbala, the higher=, of Abraham Abulafia, =4=, 5-6.
=Kabbalistic terms=:
Adam Kadmon,
Diokna Kadisha,
En-Sof,
Gematria,
Ibbur,
Kartiel,
Kelifa (Kelifoth),
Kewanoth,
King,
Malka Kadisha,
Matronita,
Nizuz (Nizuzoth),
Notaricon,
Olam ha-Tikkun,
Parsophin (Parzufim),
Sefiroth,
Shechina,
Tsiruf.
=Kabbalistic writings=, on the Index expurgatorius, =4=, 584.
=Kabbalists=, the, opposed to the Maimunists in the interpretation of
ceremonies, =3=, 554.
distort the Scriptures, =3=, 556.
opposed to Maimunists and Talmudists, =3=, 558.
of Accho, in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 631-3.
and Solomon Molcho, =4=, 496-7.
at Safet, =4=, 622-3.
divorces frequent among, =4=, 627; =5=, 210.
=Kabbalists=, list of:
Abraham of Granada,
Abraham ben David,
Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia,
Abraham Levi,
Abraham Saba,
Aleman, Jochanan
Azriel,
Baruch of Benevento,
Chananel Ibn-Askara,
Chayim Vital Calabrese,
Cohen, Naphtali
David Ibn-Abi Zimra,
Eleazar ben Jehuda,
Ergas, Joseph
Ezra,
Frankfurter, Naphthali
Herrera, Abraham de
Hurwitz, Isaiah
Isaac of Accho,
Isaac the Blind,
Isaac ben Abraham Ibn-Latif,
Isaac Cohen Shalal,
Isaac Lurya Levi,
Israel Saruk,
Jacob of Segovia,
Jacob ben Meshullam,
Jacob ben Sheshet Gerundi,
Joseph of Arli,
Joseph ben Abraham Jikatilla,
Joseph ben Todros Abulafia,
Joseph Karo,
Joseph Saragossi,
Judah de Blanis,
Judah ben Jacob Chayyat,
Judah Ibn-Verga,
Levi ben Todros Abulafia,
Luzzatto, Moses Chayim
Meïr ben Gabbai,
Molcho, Solomon
Moses de Leon,
Moses ben Isaac Alashkar,
Moses ben Nachman,
Moses Botarel,
Moses Zacuto,
Oppenheim, David
Samuel of Medina-Celi,
Samuel Franco,
Shem-Tob ben Abraham Ibn-Gaon,
Shem-Tob ben Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob,
Solomon of Moravia,
Solomon ben Abraham b. Adret,
Solomon Petit,
Taytasak, Joseph
Todros ben Joseph Halevi Abulafia.
=Kabul.= _See_ Cabul.
=Kachtan=, ancestor of the Arabs, =3=, 61, 62.
=Kachtanites=, the southern Arabians, =3=, 61.
=Kadish=, the Exilarch mentioned in, =3=, 95.
=Kaffa= (Theodosia), a Karaite community in, =3=, 182.
=Kafnaï=, Exilarch, =3=, 10.
=Kahal Kados=, congregation in Pernambuco, =4=, 693.
=Kahana.= _See_ Mar-Kahana.
=Kahana, Jacob=, rabbi of Frankfort, exposes Kamenker, =5=, 229.
exacts a promise from Luzzatto, =5=, 241.
=Kahir=, Caliph of the East, deposes Saadiah, =3=, 196, 200.
=Kahira.= _See_ Cairo.
=Kahiya=, political representative of the Turkish Jews, =4=, 404.
=Kahtz, Christian=, apostate, tries to create prejudice against the
Jews, =5=, 191.
=Kaila=, Arab tribe, relations of, to the Jews, =3=, 55.
=Kailan race=, the. _See_ Benu-Aus, the; Chazraj, the.
=Kailil=, brother of Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 575-6, 583.
=Kaimakam=, deputy vizir, =5=, 147.
=Kairuan= (Maghreb), the Jewish community of, =3=, 137.
center of science in the ninth century, =3=, 146, 180.
the Exilarch Mar-Ukba at, =3=, 185, 210.
new school founded in, by Chushiel, =3=, 208, 210.
chief town of the Fatimide Caliphate, =3=, 210.
study of the Talmud at, =3=, 210-11.
the Jews of, confer the title Rosh on Chushiel, =3=, 211.
Joseph Ibn-Abitur in, =3=, 238.
school at, presided over by Chananel and Nissim bar Jacob, =3=, 248.
the Jerusalem Talmud studied at the school of, =3=, 249.
decay of the school at, =3=, 249.
the Jews of, false Mahometans, =3=, 360.
=Kala-Ibn-Hammad=, birthplace of Alfassi, =3=, 285.
=Kalâm=, Arabic philosophy of religion, =3=, 146-7.
=Kalba-Sabua=, father-in-law of Akiba, =2=, 351, 355.
=Kaliri.= _See_ Eleazar ben Kalir.
=Kalish=, the Jews of, massacred on the charge of well poisoning, =4=,
111.
=Kallahs=, public lectures at the Babylonian academies, =2=, 515;
=3=, 5-6, 97.
=Kaller, Alexander=, promotes education among the Galician
Jews, =5=, 394.
=Kalmann=, German immigrant in Turkey, =4=, 271.
=Kalmann of Ratisbon=, repentant apostate, condemned to the
stake, =4=, 288.
=Kalonymos=, Italian Jew, attendant of Otto the Great, =3=, 243.
=Kalonymos=, the Prince, head of the Jewish community of Beaucaire,
=3=, 400.
=Kalonymos=, scholar brought to Mayence by Charlemagne, =3=, 143.
=Kalonymos=, Talmudist, rabbi of Worms, =3=, 290.
=Kalonymos ben Kalonymos= (1287-1337), scholar at the court of Robert
of Naples, =4=, 61-2.
writer on ethics and satirist, =4=, 62-3.
praised by Immanuel Romi, =4=, 68.
=Kalonymos ben Todros=, head of the community of Narbonne, =3=, 392.
sides with Abba-Mari, =4=, 34.
asked to prepare the ban against the study of science, =4=, 38.
draws up the ban, =4=, 39.
=Kama=, friend of Samuel, meets Abba-Areka, =2=, 512.
appointed judge, =2=, 512.
rebukes the Exilarch, =2=, 513.
=Kanaim.= _See_ Zealots, the.
=Kamenker, Moses Meir.= _See_ Moses Meïr Kamenker.
=Kameoth= (Kamea), amulets, =3=, 153.
used by rabbis, =5=, 201-2.
distributed by Eibeschütz, =5=, 257.
=Kamerau=, the, a noble family, claim the Jews of Ratisbon, =4=, 300.
=Kamieniec=, disputation at, between Frankists and Talmudists, =5=,
280, 281.
the Talmud burnt at, =5=, 282.
=Kamus=, fortress of the Chaibar Jews, =3=, 55.
holds out against Mahomet, =3=, 82.
fall of, =3=, 83.
=Kandy.= _See_ Ceylon.
=Kant, Immanuel=, unsuccessful candidate for the prize of the Berlin
Academy, =5=, 303, 304.
on Mendelssohn’s “Jerusalem,” =5=, 365.
meeting of, with Mendelssohn, =5=, 398.
distinguishes Marcus Herz, =5=, 405-6.
Herz lectures on the philosophy of, =5=, 406.
philosophy of, admired by Ben-David, =5=, 409.
Ben-David lectures on the philosophy of, =5=, 410.
philosophy of, studied by Krochmal, =5=, 608.
=Kapsali.= _See_ Elias ben Elkanah; Eliezer; Elkanah; Moses Kapsali.
=Kara.= _See_ Avigedor Kara; Joseph Kara; Simon Kara.
=Karaim.= _See_ Karaites.
=Karaism=, the religion of the sect founded by Anan ben David, =3=,
130.
original character of, obscure, =3=, 131.
rigidity of, =3=, 131-3.
unsettled character of, =3=, 133.
causes dissension among the Rabbanites, =3=, 156-7.
freedom in exegesis the principal dogma of, =3=, 157.
sects of, =3=, 157-8.
lack of union in, =3=, 158.
first signs of the decay of, =3=, 181.
ascetic character of, in Jerusalem, =3=, 181-2.
propaganda for, =3=, 182.
expounded by Solomon ben Yerucham, =3=, 203.
propaganda for, by Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen, =3=, 203-5.
spread by Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi, =3=, 205-6.
spreads during the tenth century, =3=, 206-7.
attacked by Samuel ben Chofni, =3=, 253.
inferiority of, to Talmudical Judaism proved by Jehuda Halevi, =3=,
334.
criticised by Shemarya Ikriti, =4=, 69-70.
in the fourteenth century, =4=, 70.
centers of, =4=, 71.
liturgy of, fixed, =4=, 71.
petrifaction of, illustrated, =4=, 269-70.
not attractive to Richard Simon, =5=, 180, 181.
inquired into by Charles XI of Sweden, =5=, 182.
account of the origin of, by Samuel ben Aaron, =5=, 183.
account of, by Mordecai ben Nissan, =5=, 183-4.
inquired into by Charles XII of Sweden, =5=, 184.
=Karaite sects=, the, list of:
Abu-Amranites (Tiflisites),
Akbarites,
Makaryites,
Moses of Baalbek, followers of.
=Karaite writers=, the, list of:
Aaron ben Elia Nicomedi,
Aaron ben Joseph the Elder,
Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen,
Anan ben David,
Benjamin ben Moses of Nahavend,
Ibn-Sakviyah,
Isaac ben Abraham Troki,
Jehuda ben Elia Hadassi,
Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi,
Mordecai ben Nissan,
Samuel ben Aaron,
Solomon ben Yerucham.