=Johanan=, son of Joiada, high priest, slays his brother in the
Temple, =1=, 409.
=Johanan=, son of Kareah, chief of the Judæans in Palestine after the
fall of Jerusalem, =1=, 318.
submits to Gedaliah, =1=, 321.
informs Gedaliah of Ishmael’s treachery, =1=, 322.
pursues Ishmael, =1=, 322-3.
=Johanan=, son of Simon Tharsi. _See_ Hyrcanus I, John.
=Johanan Gadi=, son of Mattathias, the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
leader of the Hasmonæan party, =1=, 489.
killed by the Bene Amri, =1=, 491.
=Johanan.= _See also_ Jochanan; John; Jonathan.
=Johannsen=, bishop of Speyer, protects the Jews during the first
crusade, =3=, 300-1.
=John XXII=, pope, opposes a crusade, =4=, 35.
sister of, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 61.
=John XXIII=, pope, vices of, =4=, 201.
=John II=, of Aragon. _See_ Juan II, of Aragon.
=John II=, of Brabant, protects the Jews of Brussels, =4=, 112.
=John=, of England, the Jews under, =3=, 416, 504-5.
pretends friendship for the Jews, =3=, 504.
appoints Jacob of London chief rabbi, =3=, 504.
protects the Jews of London, =3=, 505.
imprisons the English Jews, =3=, 505.
=John=, the Good, of France, captivity of, =4=, 128-9.
permits the Jews to return to France, =4=, 129.
curtails the privileges of the Jews, =4=, 131.
=John=, author of the Apocalypse, hates Rome, =2=, 369.
=John=, the Baptist, Essene, beliefs of, =2=, 145-6.
influence of, on the Judæan poor and the aristocracy, =2=, 146-7.
imprisoned and beheaded, =2=, 147.
Jesus the disciple of, =2=, 150.
the work of, continued by Jesus, =2=, 151.
identified with Elijah, =2=, 158.
=John=, Judæan envoy to emperor Claudius, =2=, 197-8.
=John=, leader of the Idumæans, helps the Zealots, =2=, 295.
=John of Capistrano=, Franciscan, hostile to the Jews, =4=,
249, 258-63.
executes Nicholas V’s anti-Jewish bull, =4=, 253.
characteristics of, =4=, 257.
used by the popes to restore their authority, =4=, 257-8.
inquisitor of the Jews, =4=, 258.
in Germany, =4=, 258-60.
in Bavaria, =4=, 258-9.
in Franconia, =4=, 259-60.
in Silesia, =4=, 260-3.
in Poland, =4=, 263, 265-6, 418.
preaches a crusade against the Turks, =4=, 268.
advocates the baptism of Jewish children, =4=, 277.
exalted by Bernardinus of Feltre, =4=, 296.
=John of Gischala.= _See_ John ben Levi.
=John of Gorze= (Jean de Vendières), ambassador from Otho I to
Abdul-Rahman III, =3=, 219.
=John of Valladolid=, apostate, in religious disputations with Jews,
=4=, 140, 141, 209.
=John ben Levi=, of Gischala, leader of the insurrection in Upper
Galilee, =2=, 273.
troops of, =2=, 273.
repugnant to Josephus, =2=, 279-81.
accuses Josephus before the Synhedrion, =2=, 281.
escapes to Jerusalem, =2=, 290.
helps the Zealots of Jerusalem, =2=, 295.
heroism of, =2=, 296-7.
leader of the Galilean Zealots in Jerusalem, =2=, 301.
destroys Roman works, =2=, 304.
hopefulness of, =2=, 305.
refuses to lay down arms, =2=, 309.
in Titus’ triumph, =2=, 313.
in a Roman dungeon, =2=, 314.
=John, son of Zebedee=, disciple of Jesus, =2=, 153.
leader of the early Christians, =2=, 169, 222.
=John.= _See also_ Jochanan; Johanan; Jonathan; Juan.
=John Albert= of Poland, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 419.
=John Casimir=, of Poland, permits forced converts to return to
Judaism, =5=, 13.
guards the rights of Jews in making a treaty, =5=, 14.
=John Chrysostom=, bishop of Antioch, preaches against Jewish
institutions, =2=, 613-14.
=John George=, elector of Brandenburg, accuses Lippold of poisoning
Joachim II, =4=, 652.
expulsion of the Jews by, =5=, 173.
=John Hyrcanus.= _See_ Hyrcanus I, John.
=John Maurice=, of Nassau, stadtholder of Brazil, assisted by
Marranos, =4=, 693.
=John Sobieski=, of Poland, scatters the Karaites, =5=, 182.
=Joiada=, high priest, under Nehemiah, =1=, 386.
sons of, =1=, 409.
=Joigny=, represented at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Jokthel=, name of Petra changed into, =1=, 223.
=Jollivet=, French government commissioner, protests against the
imposition of a poll-tax on French Jews in Germany, =5=, 465.
=Jonadab=, son of Rechab, a Nazarite, =1=, 200; =3=, 55.
helps Jehu to exterminate Baal-worship, =1=, 212.
=Jonah=, fisherman, sons of, disciples of Jesus, =2=, 153.
=Jonah II=, Palestinian Amora, =2=, 560.
member of the last Synhedrion, =2=, 567.
permits bread baking on the Sabbath for the Roman army, =2=, 568.
=Jonah=, prophet, encourages war with the Aramæans, =1=, 225.
=Jonah=, rabbi of Vienna, counsels self-destruction to escape the
Black Death persecutions, =4=, 110.
=Jonah ben Abraham Gerundi= the Elder, excommunicates the
Maimunists, =3=, 529.
excommunicated, =3=, 530, 536-7.
aided by Nachmani, =3=, 536.
refers the Maimunist controversy to the Dominicans, =3=, 542-3.
repents of his persecution of Maimonides’ works, =3=, 579-80, 624.
makes public confession, =3=, 580.
author of Talmudical works, =3=, 580.
disciple of, a Maimunist, =3=, 629.
=Jonah Marinus= (Abulvalid Mervan Ibn-Janach, 995-1050), grammarian,
=3=, 261-4.
teachers of, =3=, 261.
as a poet, =3=, 261-2.
studies medicine, =3=, 261, 262.
hostile to Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 262, 313.
creator of Hebrew syntax, =3=, 263.
works of, =3=, 263.
calmness and clearness of, =3=, 263-4.
and Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 264.
adversely criticised by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371.
works of, translated into Hebrew, =3=, 397.
=Jonathan=, keeper of the lists, jailer of Jeremiah, =1=, 313.
=Jonathan=, nephew of David, Israelite champion, =1=, 117.
=Jonathan=, priest, messenger from Hushai to David, =1=, 143.
=Jonathan=, Sadducee leader, friend of John Hyrcanus, =2=, 31.
estranges Hyrcanus from the Pharisees, =2=, 33.
=Jonathan=, tax-gatherer, deputy of the Judæans of Cæsarea, =2=, 253.
=Jonathan=, teacher of the Law, in the south of Judæa, =2=, 442.
=Jonathan=, Zealot leader, accuses Josephus of disloyalty to
Rome, =2=, 318.
=Jonathan ben Absalom=, general under Simon Tharsi, =1=, 500.
=Jonathan ben Amram=, disciple of Judah I, rebukes him, =2=, 451.
=Jonathan ben Anan=, high priest, appointed by Vitellius, =2=, 172.
former high priest, envoy to Rome, =2=, 244.
seeks the appointment of Felix as procurator of Judæa, =2=, 245.
assassinated, =2=, 246.
=Jonathan ben Nachman= (Archinas), teacher of the Law at the fall of
Jerusalem, =2=, 330.
=Jonathan ben Uziel=, disciple of Hillel, =2=, 131.
=Jonathan, son of Saul=, qualities of, =1=, 84.
destroys the Philistine garrison at Gibeah, =1=, 85.
defeats the Philistines at Michmash, =1=, 86-8.
condemned to death by Saul, =1=, 88-9.
friendship of, with David, =1=, 97, 98.
death of, =1=, 103.
body of, dishonored, =1=, 104.
remains of, buried, =1=, 124.
=Jonathan, son of Simon Tharsi.= _See_ Hyrcanus I, John.
=Jonathan Cohen=, of Lünel, writes a commentary on Alfassi’s
Talmudical work, =3=, 397.
advocates the study of science by Jews, =3=, 397.
reverence of, for Maimonides, =3=, 489, 526.
emigrates to Jerusalem, =3=, 505, 506.
=Jonathan Eibeschütz.= _See_ Eibeschütz, Jonathan.
=Jonathan Haphus=, son of Mattathias, the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
in command beyond the Jordan, =1=, 475.
leader of the Hasmonæan party, =1=, 489.
made the leader of the people, =1=, 490.
weakness of the forces of, =1=, 491.
strengthens his defences, =1=, 492-3.
authority of, =1=, 493.
defends Bethhagla, =1=, 493.
makes a truce with Bacchides, =1=, 493-4.
friendship of, sued for by Demetrius I and Alexander Balas,
=1=, 494-5.
officiates as high priest on the Feast of Tabernacles, =1=, 495.
ally of Alexander Balas, =1=, 494, 496.
entertained by Ptolemy VI and Alexander Balas, =1=, 496.
loyal to Alexander Balas, =1=, 496.
receives Ekron, =1=, 496.
besieges the Acra, =1=, 496.
compact of, with Demetrius II, =1=, 497.
espouses the cause of Antiochus VI, =1=, 497-8, 499.
distinguished by Diodotus Tryphon, =1=, 498.
taken prisoner, =1=, 499.
executed, =1=, 501.
burial of, at Modin, =1=, 501.
achievements of, =1=, 501-2.
ancestor of Flavius Josephus, =1=, 502.
state of Judæa after the death of, =1=, 501-2, 519-20.
=Jonathan Levi Zion=, advocate of the Jews before Maximilian I,
=4=, 436-7.
=Jonathan.= _See also_ Jochanan; John; Jonathan.
=Jonghe, Isaac de=, zealous for the emancipation of the Jews, =5=,
455.
=Jonghe, Lublink de=, objects to the emancipation of the Jews,
=5=, 455-6.
=Joppa= (Jaffa), fortifications of, destroyed by Ptolemy I, =1=, 417.
taken by Jonathan Haphus, =1=, 496.
Simon Tharsi sends a detachment to, =1=, 500.
taken by Simon Tharsi, =1=, 524.
claimed by Antiochus Sidetes, =1=, 529.
in the possession of Antiochus Sidetes, =2=, 4-5.
in the possession of Antiochus IX, =2=, 9.
taken by Vespasian, =2=, 288.
=Joram=, son of Ahab. _See_ Jehoram.
=Joram= (Jehoram), son of Jehoshaphat, marries Athaliah, =1=, 206.
king of Judah, introduces idolatry, =1=, 209.
death of, =1=, 211.
=Joram=, son of Tôi, king of Hamath, congratulates David on his
victories, =1=, 127.
=Jordan=, the, Israelites cross, =1=, 29, 32.
description of, =1=, 42, 46.
=José= (471-520), Amora, principal of the Pumbeditha school,
completes the Babylonian Talmud, =2=, 630-1.
=José=, brother of Jesus, =2=, 148.
=José=, the Galilean, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
at Lydda, =2=, 423.
=José=, Palestinian Amora, =2=, 560.
member of the last Synhedrion, =2=, 567.
permits bread baking on the Sabbath for the Roman army, =2=, 568.
on the second day of the festivals, =2=, 573.
=José of Phaeno=, servant of Judah I, =2=, 466.
=José bar José Hayathom=, the first poetan., poems of, =3=, 114-15.
artificiality of the works of, =3=, 115.
founder of neo-Hebraic poetry, =4=, 67.
=José ben Chalafta=, disciple of Akiba, =2=, 433.
on Meïr, =2=, 437.
artisan, =2=, 442.
historian, =2=, 442.
on Meïr and Nathan, =2=, 446.
on the Romans, =2=, 448.
banished to Laodicea, =2=, 448.
son of, in Rome, =2=, 449.
=José, son of Joëzer=, opponent of the Hellenists, =1=, 436.
probable end of, =1=, 483.
=José, son of Johanan=, opponent of the Hellenists, =1=, 436.
=José Barnabas= of Cyprus, proselytizes among the heathen, =2=, 219.
disciple of the apostle Paul, =2=, 227.
observes the dietary laws, =2=, 231.
=José.= _See also under_ Joseph.
=Joseph I=, emperor, refuses to remove the ban from “Judaism
Unmasked,” =5=, 193.
=Joseph II=, emperor, improves the condition of the Jews, =5=, 357-8.
forbids the circulation of an anti-Jewish work, =5=, 359.
hymn to, by Wessely, =5=, 368.
reforms of, opposed by the pious, =5=, 369.
reforms of, welcomed by the cultured, =5=, 370.
reforms of, resisted in Galicia, =5=, 394.
abolishes the poll-tax on Jews, =5=, 415, 464.
the Jewish regulations of, disregarded by Francis I, =5=, 523.
=Joseph=, Jewish king of the Chazars, addressed by Chasdaï
Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 220-1, 222.
residence of, =3=, 221.
answers Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 221-2.
=Joseph=, duke of Mantua, banishes rabbis, =4=, 295.
=Joseph=, the tribes of, claim the central lands of Canaan,
=1=, 35-6.
=Joseph=, apostate under Constantine, persecutes the Palestinian Jews,
=2=, 564-5.
made comes, =2=, 565.
builds churches in Galilee, =2=, 565.
defames Hillel II, =2=, 566.
possible connection of, with Constantine’s persecution of the
Jews, =2=, 567.
=Joseph=, brother of Herod, guardian of Mariamne, =2=, 83.
besieged in Masada, =2=, 87.
=Joseph=, brother-in-law of Herod, ordered to murder Mariamne in case
of his death, =2=, 93.
calumniated by his wife, =2=, 93.
beheaded, =2=, 94.
=Joseph=, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, =4=, 269.
=Joseph=, of the house of Camyth, high priest under Herod
II, =2=, 198.
=Joseph of Arimathea=, disciple of Jesus, =2=, 160.
=Joseph of Arli=, Kabbalist, hopes in the Messiah as announced by
Molcho, =4=, 511-12.
=Joseph de Avila=, discovers the Zohar to be a forgery, =4=, 20-1.
=Joseph of Ecija.= _See_ Joseph ben Ephraim Ibn-Benveniste Halevi.
=Joseph of Gamala=, Zealot leader, =2=, 289.
death of, =2=, 290.
=Joseph of Nazareth=, father of Jesus, =2=, 148.
=Joseph de Vesoul=, apostate, =4=, 150.
=Joseph bar Abba= (814), mystic, principal of the Pumbeditha
academy, =3=, 154.
=Joseph ben Abraham Jikatilla=, Kabbalist, =4=, 3, 6.
writings of, =4=, 10.
works of, used by Reuchlin, =4=, 466.
=Joseph ben Chasdaï=, a Cordova poet, eulogizes Samuel Ibn-Nagrela,
=3=, 273.
son of, =3=, 274, 280.
=Joseph ben Chiya= (270-333), refuses the Pumbeditha principalship,
=2=, 577-8.
superstition of, =2=, 578.
flees from Pumbeditha, =2=, 580.
principal of the Pumbeditha academy, =2=, 581.
characteristics of, =2=, 581.
method of, =2=, 581.
devotes himself to the Targum, =2=, 581-2.
severity of, =2=, 582.
death of, =2=, 583.
=Joseph ben Chiya= (828-833), principal of the Pumbeditha
academy, =3=, 155.
resigns, =3=, 156.
re-installed, =3=, 156.
=Joseph ben Ephraim Ibn-Benveniste Halevi=, of Ecija, prominent at
the court of Alfonso XI of Castile, =4=, 76, 79.
attack on, in Valladolid, =4=, 79.
jealous of Samuel Ibn-Wakar, =4=, 80, 81.
patron of Gonzalo Martinez, =4=, 83.
end of, =4=, 84.
=Joseph ben Gershom Loans= (Joslin, Josselman of Rosheim, 1480-1555),
representative of the German Jews, =4=, 414.
warns Molcho and Reubeni against petitioning Charles V, =4=, 510.
=Joseph ben Gorion=, a moderate zealot, =2=, 271.
“=Joseph ben Gorion.=” _See_ Josippon.
=Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur= (Ibn-Satanas or Santas), candidate for
the Cordova rabbinate, =3=, 229-30, 238.
liturgical poetry of, =3=, 236.
translates the Mishna into Arabic, =3=, 237.
excommunicated, =3=, 238.
appeals to Alhakem, =3=, 238.
refuses the Cordova rabbinate, =3=, 240.
=Joseph ben Isaac Kimchi= (1150-1170), introduces Spanish culture
into southern France, =3=, 392.
polemical work by, against Christianity, =3=, 392-3.
=Joseph ben Israel=, father of Manasseh, Marrano, emigrates to the
Netherlands, =4=, 671.
=Joseph ben Jacob Ibn-Sahal= (1070-1121), rabbi of Cordova, poetry
of, =3=, 314.
=Joseph ben Joshua Cohen= (1496-1575), historian and physician,
dazzled by Molcho, =4=, 511.
expelled from Genoa, =4=, 544, 555.
historical works by, =4=, 555-6, 560, 590, 608.
style of, =4=, 556, 557.
=Joseph ben Kisma=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
counsels subservience to Hadrian’s decrees, =2=, 426-7.
=Joseph ben Matthias= (Flavius Josephus, 38-95), historian,
descendant of Jonathan Haphus, =1=, 502.
does not mention Jesus in his works, =2=, 166.
a moderate Zealot, =2=, 271.
governor of Galilee, =2=, 272, 275-6.
education of, =2=, 276.
at Rome in his youth, =2=, 276-7.
secretly a Roman partisan, =2=, 277-8.
relation of, to Agrippa II, =2=, 278.
administration of, =2=, 278-9.
opposed by Jesus ben Sapphia, =2=, 279.
relation of, to John of Gischala, =2=, 279-81.
duplicity of, =2=, 280-1.
deposed by the Synhedrion, =2=, 281.
deceives the envoys of the Synhedrion, =2=, 282.
wins credulous Galileans to his side, =2=, 282-3.
re-instated, =2=, 283.
breaks the strength of Galilee, =2=, 283-4.
defeated by Vespasian, =2=, 285.
appeals to the Synhedrion for aid, =2=, 286.
at Jotapata, =2=, 287-8.
gives himself up to the Romans, =2=, 288.
execrated by the Judæans, =2=, 293, 389, 391.
made commander of Titus’ body-guard, =2=, 302.
tries to persuade Jerusalem to surrender, =2=, 304.
witness of Titus’ triumph in Rome, =2=, 314.
rewarded by Vespasian and Titus, =2=, 317.
given the name Flavius Josephus, =2=, 317.
as an historian, =2=, 319.
on Jewish customs observed by pagans, =2=, 384.
considers circumcision optional with proselytes, =2=, 385.
favorite of Domitian, =2=, 389.
and Flavius Clemens, =2=, 389, 391.
completes his Jewish history, =2=, 389-90.
vindicates himself against the attacks of Justus of Tiberias, =2=,
390.
vindicates his race against Apion, =2=, 390.
prosecuted by Domitian, =2=, 391.
death of, =2=, 391.
immortalizes the war of the Zealots, =2=, 415.
works of, read at the court of Louis the Pious, =3=, 162.
history of, the basis of Josippon, =3=, 180.
the work of, against Apion, translated, =4=, 608.
the works of, connected with the Talmud by Azarya deï Rossi, =4=,
614.
a work of, translated by Arias, =5=, 113.
the history of, continued by Basnage, =5=, 195.
the works of, studied by Frankel, =5=, 684.
=Joseph ben Meïr Ibn-Migash Halevi= (1077-1144), Talmudist, eulogized
by Jehuda Halevi, =3=, 315, 322, 323.
successor to Alfassi, =3=, 315-16, 323.
respect for, =3=, 316.
condemns a traitor to be stoned, =3=, 317.
son and disciples of, =3=, 317, 447.
=Joseph ben Pilat=, Talmudist in Damascus, =3=, 426.
=Joseph ben Sahara=, satirist and physician, =3=, 559.
=Joseph ben Satia=, Gaon of Sora, =3=, 196.
successor to Saadiah, =3=, 202.
abandons the academy of Sora, =3=, 202.
=Joseph ben Shem Tob Ibn-Shem Tob= (1400-1460), philosopher and
preacher, dignitary at the Castilian court, =4=, 228-9.
polemic works of, =4=, 235.
opposed to his father’s views, =4=, 243.
religio-philosophical system of, =4=, 244.
=Joseph ben Solomon Ibn-Shoshan= (1135-1204-5), favorite of Alfonso
VIII of Castile, =3=, 384.
erects a synagogue in Toledo, =3=, 384.
encourages the study of the Talmud, =3=, 384, 385-6.
poem on, =3=, 388.
=Joseph ben Solomon Kolon= (1460-1490), rabbi of Mantua, wanderings
of, =4=, 294.
authority of, =4=, 294-5.
controversies of, =4=, 295.
rabbi of Pavia, =4=, 295.
=Joseph ben Todros Abulafia=, Kabbalist, =4=, 2.
=Joseph Ibn-Aknin=, disciple of Maimonides, attacked by Mar-Sacharya,
=3=, 477.
“The Guide of the Perplexed” addressed to, =3=, 478.
cautioned by Maimonides against letting his book fall into the
hands of the Mahometans, =3=, 486.
finds Maimonides’ system inconsistent with Judaism, =3=, 487.
urges the excommunication of Daniel ben Saadiah, =3=, 526.
=Joseph Ibn-Alfual=, translator of Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, =4=,
60.
=Joseph Ibn-Jau=, supports Joseph Ibn-Abitur, =3=, 238, 239.
=Joseph Ibn-Migash=, supports Balkin, =3=, 258.
leaves Granada, =3=, 258.
occupies a high office in Seville, =3=, 280.
=Joseph Ibn-Nagrela= (1031-1066), eulogized by Joseph ben
Chasdaï, =3=, 273.
vizir and Nagid, =3=, 274, 275.
secretary to Balkin, =3=, 274.
wife of, =3=, 274.
protects the sons of the last Gaon, =3=, 275.
as Talmudist, =3=, 275.
accused of poisoning Balkin, =3=, 275.
opposes the massacre of the Granada Arabs, =3=, 276-7.
loses the favor of Badis, =3=, 277.
accused of treason, =3=, 278.
killed, =3=, 278.
wife and son of, flee to Lucena, =3=, 279.
library of, =3=, 279.
elegy on, =3=, 279.
patron of Isaac Ibn-Albalia, =3=, 283.
patron of Isaac Ibn-Giat, =3=, 284.
=Joseph Ibn-Verga=, historian, =4=, 555.
ancestors of, =4=, 556.
historical work of, =4=, 557.
style of, =4=, 557.
arraignment of the Jews by, =4=, 557.
=Joseph Ibn-Yachya=, at the disputation of Tortosa, =4=, 208.
=Joseph Ibn-Yachya=, pleads with the Portuguese Jews for the Spanish
exiles, =4=, 366.
=Joseph, son of Tobiah=, leader of the Judæans, =1=, 423-4.
flatters the Egyptian ambassador, =1=, 424.
at the court of Ptolemy III, =1=, 424-5.
tax-gatherer of Cœlesyria and Phœnicia, =1=, 425.
favorite of Ptolemy IV, =1=, 425-6.
wealth of, enriches Judæa, =1=, 426-7.
introduces Dionysian festivals into Judæa, =1=, 428.
son of, his representative, =1=, 429-30.
death of, =1=, 431.
descendants of, called Tobiades, =1=, 432.
=Joseph, son of Zachariah=, general of Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 476.
=Joseph Albo= (1380-1444), at the disputation of Tortosa, =4=,
208, 233.
holds the Agada to be authoritative, =4=, 214.
refuses to accept baptism, =4=, 215.
writes an account of a religious controversy, =4=, 234.
physician and philosopher, =4=, 239.
on freedom of inquiry, =4=, 240.
on the articles of the creed, =4=, 240.
style of, =4=, 240.
religio-philosophical system of, =4=, 240-3.
on salvation of the soul, =4=, 240, 243.
=Joseph Al-Kabri= persecutes the Karaites in Spain, =3=, 362.
=Joseph Amarkala Halevi=, prince of the Jews about Nishabur, =3=, 433.
=Joseph Barihan Alfalach=, representative of the Mosul congregation,
and David Alrui, =3=, 433.
=Joseph Caiaphas=, high priest, president of the tribunal that tried
Jesus, =2=, 163, 164.
removed from office, =2=, 172.
=Joseph Ezobi ben Chanan= (1230-1250), poet, works of, translated,
=3=, 561.
advice of, to his son, =3=, 561.
=Joseph Hamon.= _See_ Hamon, Joseph.
=Joseph Jaabez=, attributes the suffering of the Jews to their heresy,
=4=, 343, 479.
=Joseph Kara=, Bible exegete, =3=, 345-6.
writes commentaries on the Prophets and the Hagiographa, =3=, 346.
=Joseph Karo= (1488-1575), infected with Messianic enthusiasm by
Molcho, =4=, 496-7, 537.
longing of, for martyrdom, =4=, 511.
ordained by Jacob Berab, =4=, 536, 538.
learning and wanderings of, =4=, 537.
elaborates Jacob Asheri’s code, =4=, 537, 539.
visions of, =4=, 537-8.
among the Kabbalists, =4=, 538.
Messianic dreams of, =4=, 538-9.
code by, intended to bring about religious unity, =4=, 539, 612.
chief rabbi of Safet, =4=, 540.
appealed to on the question of trade with Ancona, =4=, 580.
excommunicates Daud, =4=, 599.
publishes the “Shulchan Aruch,” =4=, 612.
Spanish tendencies of the code of, =4=, 613.
orders Azarya deï Rossi’s works to be burned, =4=, 616.
code of, commented upon by Moses Isserles, =4=, 637.
the highest Jewish authority in the seventeenth century, =5=, 51.
_See also_ Shulchan Aruch, the.
=Joseph Kaspi=, philosopher, =4=, 87, 91.
=Joseph Orabuena=, physician, chief rabbi of Navarre, =4=, 184-5.
=Joseph Pichon=, receiver general of taxes under Henry II of
Castile, =4=, 138.
denounced by Jewish courtiers, =4=, 156.
condemned as a traitor, =4=, 156.
beheaded by the Jews, =4=, 156.
the execution of, arouses excitement against the Jews, =4=,
157-8, 167.
=Joseph Rabban=, leader of the Jews in India, =2=, 629-30.
special rights conferred on, =2=, 630.
=Joseph Saragossi=, Kabbalist, disciple of, =4=, 393.
reforms life in Safet, =4=, 399.
introduces the Kabbala into Safet, =4=, 399.
=Joseph Tob-Elem=, writes a commentary on Abraham Ibn-Ezra’s
Pentateuch commentary, =4=, 144.
=Joseph Zapateiro de Lamego=, traveler, employed by João II of
Portugal, =4=, 368.
=Joseph Zevi=, brother of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 145.
=Josephus, Flavius.= _See_ Joseph ben Matthias.
=Josephus=, pseudo-. _See_ Josippon.
=Joshua=, father of Narboni, =4=, 94.
=Joshua=, leader of the Israelites, =1=, 31, 32-3.
victory of, at Gibeon, =1=, 34-5.
contest of, with the tribes of Joseph, =1=, 36.
defeats Jabin, =1=, 37.
dwells among the Ephraimites, =1=, 41.
declining years of, =1=, 50.
death of, =1=, 52.
Israelites under, settle in Arabia, =3=, 54.
=Joshua=, of the family of Phabi, made high priest, =2=, 107.
=Joshua=, of the family of Sié, made high priest, =2=, 127.
=Joshua deï Cantori=, defames the Talmud, =4=, 583.
=Joshua ben Chananya=, teacher of the Law, disciple of Jochanan ben
Zakkai, =2=, 324, 326.
contemporary of Gamaliel II, =2=, 335.
opposes decisions by the Bath-Kol, =2=, 337.
dispute of, with Gamaliel II, =2=, 340-2.
on the admission of proselytes, =2=, 343, 384.
reconciled with Gamaliel II, =2=, 344-5.
artisan, =2=, 344, 348, 442.
character of, =2=, 348.
popularity and homeliness of, =2=, 349.
astronomical knowledge of, =2=, 349.
condemns Shammai’s rules, =2=, 349-50.
conciliatory intercourse of, with the Roman rulers, =2=, 350.
removes the ban from Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, =2=, 350.
obtains lucrative posts for poor scholars, =2=, 345, 357.
nephew of, =2=, 370, 443.
and Akylas, =2=, 385.
journey of, to Rome, =2=, 387.
and Flavius Clemens, =2=, 387, 389, 391.
influence of, on Nerva, =2=, 392.
advises against the rebellion against Hadrian, =2=, 403-4.
leader of the people under Hadrian, =2=, 404.
mourns for Gamaliel II, =2=, 404.
president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 404.
and Hadrian, =2=, 406-7.
tries to induce Hadrian not to rebuild Jerusalem, =2=, 407-8.
death of, =2=, 408.
disciples of, discard the Jewish garb, =2=, 424.
praises the Halachic knowledge of Bruria, =2=, 436.
=Joshua ben Damnai=, high priest, =2=, 249.